Abstract: The article concerns the main specificities, positive and negative features of the administration mechanisms of the plan and directive economy in the USSR, as well as the main administration institutions and their role in the Soviet policy. Lately, the positive features of the Soviet administration type are being discussed more and more often. Some discuss it in a nostalgic way, and some have serious scientific interest, and value the achievements of the USSR period, such as the space flights, mass literacy, industrialization, enthusiasm and the superpower status. It is time to revise the past mechanisms and administration methods of the USSR from the point of view of practicability of their use in the current Russian conditions. This study proves that Russia has all necessary chances to use the experience of its past in order to achieve high level of economic development, efficient administration and to return to its superpower status.