The number and composition of the serving people of the city of Turki in 1660-1670.

Tkhamokova Irina Khasanovna PhD in History Senior Research Associate, Institute of Research in the Humanities, Branch of the Kabardino-Balkaria Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 360051, Russia, respublika Kabardino-Balkarskaya, g. Nal'chik, ul. Pushkina, 18 omarakana@mail.ru Other publications by this author

The years 1660-1670 were a difficult period in the history of the Tersk city. Its inhabitants had to endure enemy attacks, natural disasters and economic difficulties. In 1660, salaries in the city began to be given out in copper money instead of silver, which led to the impoverishment of the population. In 1664, the Terek people appealed to the tsar, in which they complained that the "foreigners" and Muslim Terek merchants refused to accept copper money, and this put the Streltsy, Cossacks and other serving people of the city in a very difficult position ^{[32, pp. 413-415]}. In addition, bread wages, i.e. grain, flour, cereals, were not fully given to them during these years.

During the same period, the level of the Caspian Sea rose, and in 1668 the Tersk city, according to the royal decree, was moved to a new location. The work was to be carried out by "Terek servants and tenants of all ranks in half," while the other half was to guard the city ^{[36, p. 328]}.

In 1670, Razin's rebellious Cossacks came to the Turks. They robbed and wanted to kill the Terek voivode Peter Prozorovsky ^{[38, p. 256]}. In 1672, there was a severe famine in the Turks, when a small bag of barley or millet, brought for sale by Kabardins or Kumyks, cost 2 rubles. Many residents of the city were threatened with starvation [43. l. 5-7; 38, p. 333].

In the same year, residents of the city were attacked by Nogai Karakasai-murza and murza of Andreeva village (Endireya) from northern Dagestan. For several years, the townspeople could not leave the city walls – they were killed or captured [43. L. 4; 36. p. 333].

However, the Terek military men managed not only to defend their city, but also to actively participate in military operations far beyond the Caucasus – near Azov, in the Crimea, near Chigirin. The question of the size and composition of the Tersk garrison during this period, as in other years, remains poorly studied. The main attention is paid to the distant campaigns of the Terek military men ^{[31, p. 106-108, 190-191; 37, p. 31-40; 41, p.40-46; 48, p.640-646]}. At the same time, the number and characteristics of many categories of military people, the factors of their quantitative and qualitative changes during this period attracted much less interest.

The sources for studying these issues are archival documents, some of which have been published to date. Of particular importance among them are the "Estimates of the military forces of the Moscow state" for 1661-1663, published by S. B. Veselovsky. They contain information about the garrison of the city, its structure, number and salary ^{[28, pp. 41-42]}. For the subsequent period, such detailed information has not been preserved or they have not been found. The missing statistical documents are partially replaced by the "Salary expenditure list for 1681" published by A. N. Zertsalov (data on Graters refer to 1678). It contains information only about salaries, but not about the composition and number of military men ^{[35, pp. 48-50]}. The article also uses documents published in the collections "Historical Acts" ^[1], "Additions to historical acts" ^{[32; 33; 34]}, " Russian Russian relations"^[36], "Russian-Chechen relations" ^[45] and others.

Along with this, documents stored in the archive of ancient acts on the serving people of the Tersk city, including a book about their visits to Moscow in 1675, were involved ^[44]. It contains information about the composition of military men and their salaries. The archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History also contains sources about the transfer of Streltsy from other cities to the Tersk city, about exiled people, about complaints of hunger, about escapes from there and their causes, etc. ^[3-26].

As the study of sources shows, in 1660-70, as in the earlier period, the largest group that was part of the Terek garrison were the Streltsy. There were significantly fewer Cossacks and quite a few boyar children. A special feature of the city was the service of immigrants from the peoples of the Caucasus – Murz, Uzdeney, Okochan, Novokreschen, commanded by Kabardian princes.

In the middle of the XVII century, the Russian authorities repeatedly took measures to increase the number of Terek military men at the expense of Streltsy, Cossacks and soldiers from other cities. In 1655, Colonel Urvin's soldiers who were in Turks were to be enlisted in horse and foot archers by royal decree, and the officers were to be returned to Moscow ^{[1, 239]}. In 1558, 1,379 Streltsy and Cossacks from other cities were transferred to the Turks (most of all, most of all, apparently, from Simbirsk and neighboring places). Already in the following year, 1559, according to the royal decree, these archers and Cossacks were left in the Tersk city "for eternal life, in horse and foot archers" ^{[1, 285]}. Their wives and children were transported there as well.

Despite these measures, the number of archers in 1663 was significantly below the norm. The city housed 1 order of mounted and 3 orders of foot archers. Each of them was supposed to number 500 people. However, in fact, there were much fewer of them.

Mounted archers were commanded by their head with a salary of 50 rubles, foot orders – 3 heads with a total salary of 90 rubles. There were 4 centurions of horse and foot orders with a total salary of 57 rubles. In 1664, mounted archers of Ivanov's order Dubov and three orders of foot archers served in the Turks: Sergeyev's order Protopopov, Dmitriev's order Urbenev and Mikhailov's order Molchanov ^{[32, p. 416]}.

In 1663 (excluding heads and centurions), there were 403 mounted archers in Turki instead of 500 and only 612 foot archers in three orders. The total number of archers slightly exceeded 1,000 people instead of the required 2,000. The average salary of mounted archers was slightly more than 8 rubles per person, on foot – more than 5 ^{[28, p. 43]}. In addition, all serving people (including Streltsy) received a "bread salary": twelve thousand seventy-five quarters with a strip of rye, sixteen thousand three hundred eighty-one quarters with a strip of oats, one hundred and fourteen quarters of rye flour, sixteen quarters of cereals and oatmeal for all ^{[18, l. 1]}. "Bread wages" were brought to the Graters from Astrakhan.

The sparsely populated Terek Streltsy units led to the fact that they rarely participated in campaigns outside the North Caucasus. The Streltsy took part in the campaign to Azov in 1674, but apparently there were few of them, since they are not mentioned in most sources. Among several streltsy named by Kaspulat Mutsalovich Cherkassky, who commanded this campaign, are Ivan Bazhenov, "Yushka" Kobylin, Maxim Tugarinov ^{[42, p. 77, 170]}. The Terek Streltsy did not take part in the Crimean campaign of 1675, although the Astrakhan Streltsy were among its participants.

In addition to participating in wars, protecting the city and its surroundings, the Streltsy had other duties. They performed numerous works during the transfer of the Tersk city to a new location. They met Georgian ambassadors, traveled to Moscow, delivering replies from the Terek voivodes and providing information about the situation in the city. In 1665, the Terek voivodes sent the head of Sergei Protopopov, centurion Vasily Vladimirova and 80 foot archers to Dagestan, "to the Uvarian possession" of Streletsky, to meet the Georgian Tsarevich Nikolai Davydovich. And the same centurion and 100 archers from different orders were sent to escort him from Terka to Astrakhan (by sea) ^{[45, pp.210-212]}. In 1674, 50 Terek mounted archers were sent with him to escort the Tsarevich home ^{[45, p. 218]}. In 1673, Mikhail Molchanov, the centurion of Streletsky, was sent to the mountains, to the "Shibutsky" land for its "inspection" and compiling a list of its "owners" ^{[45, p. 216]}.

In 1672, a mounted sagittarius, Pyotr Fatyanov, arrived in Moscow, who conveyed news of the attack of Karakasai on the city and the famine in the Turks ^{[43, l. 512; 36, pp. 333-334]}. In 1675, two Streltsy from the Turks, Maxim Efremov and Ivan Vasiliev, arrived in Moscow together with Prince Kaspulat Mutsalovich Cherkassky. They were going to be subsequently sent to the Crimean campaign as "escorts". For their arrival in Moscow and for their future service, they received additional salaries – "a kindyak" (a piece of cloth) and a ruble of money (not counting the "daily feed" given to them – 4 money per day for each) ^{[44, l. 157-158]}. In 1676, one of the Kabardian murzas (Saltanbek Kanbulatovich), in addition to his bridles, centurion Streletsky and 2 Terek archers accompanied him to Moscow ^{[14, l. 2]}.

In 1670, the situation with the number of Streltsy not only did not improve, but, on the contrary, became much worse. In 1676, according to the Terek voivodes, there were only 246 mounted archers out of 403, and 201 foot archers in three orders combined ^{[18, L. 2]}. Instead of 4 Streltsy orders, there would not even be enough people for 1. Although the number of Terek Streltsy had not reached the required level before that time, the garrison of the city had never been so sparsely populated, at least after the Time of Troubles.

One of the reasons for this situation was the late payment of wages. The Terek voivodes wrote that the "grain" salary was sent to the city "not in full", and the residents of the city, including the Streltsy, buying grain at their own expense, "became impoverished and borrowed great debts" ^{[18, l. 1]}.

According to the royal decree of 1676, the voivodes had to recruit the missing Streltsy in the Graters from among the Streltsy children and "walking" people. The number of archers in each order was supposed to reach the required 500 people. At the same time, the tsar sent to Astrakhan, from where the Terek city received a "bread salary", a letter to release the necessary "grain reserves" to the Terek ^{[18, l. 1]}. The Terek voivodes wrote that they were recruiting new Streltsy from both Streltsy children and "walking" people, but to increase their numbers It was necessary not only to provide the Streltsy who were already in the service with proper food, but also to significantly increase the amount of "bread wages" for newly recruited people. The voivodes also asked the Astrakhan voivodes to send the necessary grain reserves to the Graters.

The authorities tried to increase the number of Terek Streltsy at the expense of exiles. In 1661, the royal letters refer to the expulsion of exiled "foreigners" to Turks (as well as to Astrakhan) ^{[1, pp. 303-304]}. In 1666, the "walking man" Dementiy Karpov from Moscow was exiled there for "eternal life". He was supposed to be enrolled in the foot archers ^{[4, l. 1]}. In the same year, two Moscow Streltsy were exiled to Turki along with their wives, one of them also had a child ^{[5, l. 1-2]}. In January 1667, another Moscow Sagittarius and one "walking man" were added to them ^{[5, l. 1]}. But in the summer of the same year, the transportation of exiles to Turki was difficult due to the Razin uprising that began at that time. In June 1667, the Astrakhan Kuzma Kareitov transported exiles from Kazan along the Volga. Some of them went to Astrakhan, some to Turki (7 people were sent there, including 6 Streltsy). But after they passed Saratov, they were attacked by Cossacks, robbed Kuzma Kareitova and released the exiles, took off their shackles and invited them to join the Cossacks. Most of the Terek exiles agreed to this, and only one of them continued the road to Turki ^{[38, pp. 85-86]}.

But even after this incident, the exiles continued to be sent to the Tersk city. In 1668, an additional 5 exiled people were sent there (one of these people had a wife, another had a wife and children). Two of these exiles were Streltsy, another was a Terek Cossack, and the status of two is unknown ^{[9, l. 1-2]}. In 1668, there were also "Lithuanian foreigners" Alexey Zvantsov and his comrades in Turki, they served there in Streltsy by royal decree, but temporarily, because they soon appeared in Astrakhan ^{[1, p. 438]}.

In addition to exiled people, Astrakhan archers were also sent to the Tersk city for "annual", i.e. temporary service. Such an order existed in the first half of the XVII century, but it persisted in the 60-70 years. In 1665, Astrakhan Streltsy began their service in the Tersk city by order of Nikita Lopatin. However, a year later they ran out of food, they sold their clothes, they had nothing to drink and eat. From poverty and need, ten streltsy conspired, bought a boat near the city and "ran" by sea to Astrakhan ^{[3, l. 13]}. This was far from the only case of the flight of the Astrakhan Streltsy from the Tersk city.

In May 1667, Nikita Lopatin, the head of the order of the Astrakhan Streltsy, came to the Terek voivodes himself. He said that when they were transferred to the Turks, they received their salary in full for the first year. In the second year they received only half a year's salary, in the third they received nothing. Nikita Lopatin submitted a petition addressed to the tsar. He complained that the Streltsy were "dying" of starvation from lack of food. All the Pentecostals and foremen, and ordinary Cossacks of his order fled to Astrakhan, and with him only two centurions remained in the Turks – Grigory Kononov and Timofey Yesaulov. Lopatin asked them to let them go too. The Terek voivodes, not expecting a royal decision, themselves allowed them to leave for Astrakhan ^{[8, l. 1-2]}.

In subsequent years, Astrakhan archers of other orders continued to serve in the Tersk city. In 1768, these were the Streltsy ordered by Ivan Tulunbeev ^{[1, p. 389]}. In the same year, Don Cossacks, participants in the Razin uprising, appeared in the Caucasus (near the Grebensky towns and on the Kuma River). In order to strengthen the Tersk garrison, two hundred more Streltsy under the command of Vasily Bakhmurov were sent there from Astrakhan. Among them were streltsy of various orders: Nikiforov's order of Nelyubov, Konstantinov's order of Volkov, Semenov's order of Yanov ^{[1, p. 389]}.

In September 1769, six streltsy ordered by Tulunbeev also fled to Astrakhan, because they had no food in the Graters. They found a boat and went by sea to their hometown, where they appeared to the head of their order, Ivan Tulunbeev ^{[10, l. 14]}. In the same month, two more archers of this order fled from the Tersk city, because it was hungry there, and the work was incessant. They found a boat on the shore of the Terek River without oars and sails, made oars themselves, used matting instead of a sail and thus reached Astrakhan ^{[10, l. 21]}.

During the same period, Astrakhan archers from the order of Andrei Rostopchin also served in the Turks. In the autumn of 1670, six archers from this and other orders also fled from the Tersk city in a boat. They did not reach Astrakhan, and, leaving the boat in the Volga delta, in the uchuga Basarg, they walked to the city ^{[11, l. 23]}. In 1676, Astrakhan archers served in the Turks from the order of Peter Kireev and from the order of Nikita Gladkov ^{[18, l. 4-5; 19, l. 1-4]}, and in 1679 from the orders of Stepan Kotsyn and Timofey Svoitinov. They also asked for a bread salary ^{[23, L. 5]}.

Not only Astrakhan, but also Kazan Streltsy temporarily served in the Tersk city. In 1675, these were Kazan archers ordered by Ivan Nagirin. There were 300 of them. In 1676, 300 people from Nikita Stupishin's order were sent to replace them. In 1678, Kazan archers of Nikita Mamonin's order also served in the Turks. When moving to Turki and back, not all Streltsy received their salaries on time, they had to ask for their payment ^{[12, l. 1-4; 16, l. 1-5; 26, l. 1-3]}.

Soldiers also went to help the Streltsy in the Turks, and they also often fled from there. In 1662, soldiers under the command of Colonel Hermann von Staden were transferred from Astrakhan to Turki ^{[1, pp. 329-330]}. In 1668 or in 1669, soldiers of the Ivanov regiment of Ruzhinsky were sent to the Turks. Colonel Thomas Bely was at the head of this detachment. It was he who led the transfer of the Tersk city to a new place far from the sea ^{[46, p. 213]}. In the autumn of 1669, two soldiers from Thomas Bely's detachment fled to Astrakhan along with the Astrakhan Archers. The reason for the escape was the usual – there was nothing to drink and eat, they did not receive the royal salary for October ^{[10, l. 51-54]}.

In addition to the archers and soldiers, the Tersk garrison also included very small groups, such as gunners – 12 people, and collars – 3 people ^{[28, p. 42]}.

A privileged group of serving people were boyar children. By 1663, their number had significantly decreased to 15 people, although in 1651 there were 45 of them. Their role in the life of the city has also decreased, and it is difficult to find references to them in the sources. Their average salary in 1663 reached 12.4 rubles, which is significantly more than that of the Streltsy ^{[28, p. 42]}. They carried out responsible assignments of the voivodes both in wartime and in peacetime. In 1665, the son of a boyar, Peter Kondratiev, traveled with an interpreter and three archers to Georgia, to the Tushinsky land, to meet and escort Tsarevich Nikolai Davydovich and his mother to Astrakhan, who were heading to Moscow ^{[45, pp. 211-212]}.

The Terek garrison also included the so-called "white local" Cossacks. They lived near the Terek city, performed military service and received a royal salary. By 1663, there were very few of them left – only 9 people, they were joined to the foot archers, and they were subordinated to the Streltsy "heads". But at the same time, they also retained their chieftains. In 1664, it was, for example, "Ganka Razzyaryshyn" ^{[32, p. 416]}. The "white-local" Cossacks received a minimum salary of 4 rubles and a half for all. In other cities, this group of Cossacks had tax-free plots of land, but the rights of the Terek Cossacks to the land are unknown. By 1678, the total salary of the White Cossacks was 8 rubles, 16 altyn and 4 money. With this, the existence of such a small category of military men ceased. They were offered to enroll in the Streltsy, and those who would not want it, it was decided not to give a salary ^{[35, p. 50]}.

A much larger group consisted of the Terek and Grebensky "free" Cossacks, who lived in their "towns" along the Terek. They were ruled by their own chieftains and Cossack circles, but they also received royal salaries. In 1663, there were 380 of them (instead of 440 in 1651). Their average salary was only 2 rubles per year, but they were paid about the same amount for participation in military operations ^{[28, p.43]}, and sometimes more, depending on their merits.

In 1672, the Grebensky Cossack petitioners arrived in Moscow: ataman Danilo Gubin, yesaul Tamilo Leontiev and ordinary Cossack Grigory Vasiliev. They said that the Grebensky Cossacks were not involved in the Razin uprising and "did not molest the Terek residents to thieves." On the contrary, they tried to keep those from stealing and persuaded them not to kill the governor, which they managed to achieve. "For coming" to Moscow, this chieftain received 10 rubles, kamka and English cloth, esaul – 9 rubles and taffeta, and an ordinary Cossack – 8 rubles and cloth (not counting daily feed) ^{[44, l. 351-352, 372 vol.-373]}.

In 1675, before the Crimean campaign of Prince Kaspulat Mutsalovich, the atamans of the Grebensky Cossacks received 2 rubles each, and ordinary Cossacks received 1 ruble, 16 altyn and 4 money ^{[36, p. 350]}. 100 Grebensky Cossacks were supposed to participate in this campaign. After leaving Astrakhan, there were 95 or 96 of them, but when they were supposed to go from the Don to the Crimea, there were only 40 people (from the Grebensky towns of Verkhny and Nizhny Chervleny, Aristov, Shevelev, Shadrin, Gladkiy, Kurdyukov and Yakovlev). The others lost their horses and couldn't move on. After the end of this campaign, the Cossacks (now there were only 37 people) were to receive (by royal decree) 4 rubles each ^{[38, pp. 350-351; 44, L. 245 vol., 429 vol., 531-532]}. After the end of this campaign, the chieftain of the Grebensky Cossacks, Fedor Kireev, yesaul Grigory Vasiliev and ordinary Cossack Semyon Dmitriev arrived in Moscow. The chieftain received 10 rubles for his arrival, the esaul – 9 rubles ^{[44, l. 374-374 vol.]}.

According to the "Salary Expenditure List" published by A.N. Zertsalov, the Tersk and Grebensky atamans and Cossacks in 1678 received the same salary as in 1663 – two rubles for an ordinary Cossack. But their number, if the materials of the painting were accurate, increased to 500 ordinary Cossacks ^{[35, p. 50]}. However, the question of whether this document reflects the real or only the planned number of Cossacks remains open.

A significant part of the Terek military men were those who lived in several settlements near the city of Uzden, Okochans, Novokresthenes, Tatars. In 1663, there were a total of 528 people, except for the princes and murzas – this is another 10 people. Kabardian princes were at the head of this population group. In 1660-70 it was Kaspulat Mutzalovich Cherkassky. Before him, this place was occupied by his father Mutsal, and even earlier by his uncle Sholoh, his grandfather Sunchaley. All of them received royal letters, according to which they became princes over the Okochans and Circassians, and had to lead them on military campaigns, to know and judge them ^{[36, p. 325]}.

Under the command of the prince there were 9 murzas – representatives of the most noble families of the North Caucasus. The total salary of the prince and the murz was 458 rubles in 1663. Kaspulat Mutzalovich received the highest salary – it was not only a regular annual salary, but also an additional one, on the occasion of military operations, visits to Moscow. Kabardian princes and Murzas often brought horses as a gift to the tsar. They were given a special salary ^{[36, pp. 361-362]}.

Kaspulat Mutzalovich took part in several military campaigns. In 1665, he was together with the Kalmyks under the "new Crimean town", which was "put" between the Kuban and the river "Injik", i.e. Zelenchuk. The town was captured and destroyed. As a reward to Kaspulat Mutzalovich, instead of a salary, 23 (or 30 or another number – the data vary) Jewish families exiled to Astrakhan were subordinated. However, a year or two later they were taken from him and released "beyond the Lithuanian border" (apparently after the end of the Russian-Polish war) ^{[44, l. 126-126 vol., 333, 704 vol.; 36, pp. 338-341; 42, p. 109]}.

In 1770, Kaspulat Mutzalovich was at Astrakhan together with I. B. Miloslavsky, who suppressed the Razin uprising. The Tatars accompanying him captured one of the leaders of this performance ^{[1, p.424; 41, vol. 3, p. 188]}. In 1773, Kaspulat Mutzalovich sent 50 of his uzdeni, and then another 100 uzdeni to the Don to take part in the war against the Crimea together with the Kalmyks, Zaporozhian and Don Cossacks. Kaspulat Mutzalovich himself at this time, together with the Kalmyk Khan (taisha) Ayukoi fought against the Nogai Karakasai-murza and the Andy (Andreevsky) owner Chepolov, who were at war with the Terek city, attacked its inhabitants and the possessions of Kaspulat Mutsualovich himself. But he and Khan Ayuka managed to win, they "beat many people" and drove away cattle, and achieved the cessation of hostilities and the oath of allegiance to the tsar from Chepolov ^{[36, pp. 339-340; 42, p. 107]}.

In 1674, Kaspulat Mutzalovich fought at the walls of the city of Azov. Together with him were 150 uzdeni, as well as 5,000 Kalmyks and 3,000 Don Cossacks and royal military men (including a small number of Terek archers) ^{[36, p. 342; 42, p. 172]}. The participants of the campaign managed to take prisoners, drive away cattle. In the autumn of the same year, Kaspulat Mutzalovich learned that the Kabardian prince Misost was going to move to the Crimea and wanted to forcibly take Kaspulat Mutzalovich's possession with him. But Kaspulat Mutzalovich brought him back, Misost had to take an oath of allegiance to the tsar and give his son to the amanats ^{[44, l. 101-101 vol.; 36, p. 345, 346; 42, p. 248]}.

Large funds were allocated for the preparation of the Crimean campaign in 1675. Kaspulat Mutzalovich and his uzdeni received one thousand six rubles (or 500 rubles of money and 506 rubles of furs), in addition, fur coats, hats, etc. were allocated to the prince "for distribution". Among the items intended for the campaign were also a tent, a carriage, horse harness, and medicines. The army was to be accompanied by musicians (trumpeters) ^{[44, l. 127, 127 vol.., 139, 171, 178, 216, 332 vol.; 42, p. 238]}.

Together with Kaspulat Mutsalovich, stolnik and voivode Ivan Leontiev also went on the Crimean campaign. From among the Terek inhabitants, Murzas and Uzdeni, Okochans, Novokresten and Grebensky Cossacks participated in this campaign. There were no Terek Streltsy in this campaign, but there were Astrakhan Streltsy, as well as residents of Ufa and Saratov. In total, the inhabitants of all these cities were from 250 to more than 500 people, but there were significantly more Kalmyks (up to 1000) and Zaporozhye Cossacks (up to 2500) ^{[36, l. 303-304, 418-418 vol.; 2, p. 569]}. This army defeated several "uluses" in the northern part of the peninsula. The participants of the campaign captured prisoners, freed the Russian people held in captivity, stole cattle and returned home.

At the end of this campaign, Kaspulat Mutzalovich was generously rewarded. He was given (by royal decree) 300 rubles, as well as sables for 200 rubles. Sables for another 500 rubles were supposed to replace his income from Jews who returned to Lithuania. In addition, Kaspulat Mutsalovich received expensive clothes: a sable velvet sash with gold and silver, with stripes decorated with pearls, as well as a caftan made of obyari (silk fabric with a silver pattern) ^{[44, l. 139 vol.,704-705; 36, p.359]}. The house in Astrakhan, at his request, was to be moved outside the city ^{[36, p. 360]}. In addition, he was promised to build a "fortress" to protect his yard in Turki, since he had many enemies, and he had no fortifications ^{[44, L.592 vol., 598]}. In 1678, Kazan archers who served in the Turks were sent to Astrakhan to get wood for Kaspulat Mutzalovich ^{[26, l. 3]}, i.e., they apparently began to build a defensive structure for him.

In 1676, Kaspulat Mutsalovich was going to be sent to Kiev to help the Zaporozhian army, but the details of this campaign are unknown ^{[36, p. 360]}. In 1678, Kaspulat Mutzalovich took part in the campaign against Chigirin (with stolnik and voivode Kuzma Kozlov). In his army there were Circassians, Okochans, Kafyrkumukh people, Kalmyks, Nogais, as well as Astrakhan Streltsy. Their total number, according to various sources, ranged from 2,000 to 5,000 people. Apparently, not all the participants reached Chigirin (some of them stayed in Kharkov or Chuguev due to illness). But those who achieved the goal took part in the battles near Chigirin ^{[25, l. 1-5; 33, c. 92; 33, c. 219; 2, c. 647-658; 36, c. 362]}. In the same year, Kaspulat Mutzalovich, for his long-term service, was awarded the right to receive the Terek customs duty instead of the annual royal salary ^{[36, pp. 364-365]}. No prince has ever had such awards before. But his service did not end there either. In 1679, Kaspulat Mutzalovich fought with the Crimean troops near Chuguev, on the Balakleika River, etc., in 1680 they were going to send him to Kiev ^{[36, pp. 370-373]}.

Kaspulat Mutzalovich was also engaged in diplomatic activities. In 1674, by royal decree, he reconciled the Don Cossacks and the Kalmyks, and then he had to settle relations also between the Kalmyks and the Andreyevsky (Andreyevsky) lords ^{[33, p. 219; 42, c. 175, 182, 197, 199; 47, c. 39]}. In 1678, his subordinates were supposed to negotiate a peace treaty in Crimea ^{[36, p. 364]}.

The murzas of the city of Turki (9 people) were subordinate to Kaspulat Mutzalovich. Among them were his brothers: Kasai, Hatokshuko and Saltanash. In some documents, Hatokshuko and Saltanash are called Budacheevs, i.e. cousins of Kaspulat Mutzalovich, and only Kasai is listed as Mutsal's son. His salary was 60 rubles (he began his service in 1661), Hatokshuko - 30, Saltanash – 25 (they both began service in 1658). But by 1669 none of them were alive ^{[44, L. 118, 125 vol., 147 vol., 432 vol.-433]}. According to N. Witsen, Kaspulat Mutzalovich himself killed two of his brothers ^{[29, pp. 688-689]}. In other sources, except for vague news about the quarrel between Kaspulat Mutzalovich and his brother, no information about their deaths has been preserved ^{[1, pp. 420-421; 38, vol. 3, p. 270]}. Some documents also mention Alimurza Cherkassky, who also began his service in 1658 ^{[44, l. 432 vol.-433]}, but it is unknown whether he continued it in 1660-1670.

Another Kabardian murza was Tonzhehan Araslanov, who served in the Tersk city back in 1630, but continued his service in 1660. His salary was 60 rubles. In 1660, his son Thagat-murza and nephews Galistan and Aidemir Tatarkhanov also served. Galistan received 25 rubles from 1660, and Thagat-murza and Aydemir had just begun their service and had a salary of 20 rubles ^{[44, l. 360; 36, pp. 257, 272, 354]}. Aydemir continued his service the longest. He took part in campaigns against the Nogai Karakasai-Murza, he also participated in the Crimean and other military operations. When he arrived in Moscow in 1675, they planned to raise his salary by 15 rubles, i.e. up to 35 rubles (not counting such gifts as a sable fur coat, hat, caftan, cup, etc.). However, in his petition he recalled his merits and that his uncle received 60 rubles – and achieved the same salary ^{[44, L. 366 vol., 368, 429, 722 vol.; 13, L. 2; 36, pp. 356-357]}. In addition to money, the murzas, like other military men of the Terek city, also received a bread salary.

Another Kabardian murza, who served in the Turks already in 1650, is Khatu-murza Cherkassky. He took part in the battles with the Crimean and Azov Tatars who came to the Tersk city, for which he received an increase to his salary – 10 rubles. By 1675, his salary was 40 rubles, after the campaign he was added another 15 rubles ^{[44, L. 425-426; 36, pp. 354-355]}. Information has been preserved about the conflict between Kaspulat Mutsalovich and Khatu-murza, according to whose "intent" Murzabek Kudenetov attacked Kaspulat Mutsalovich. However, this feud ended in reconciliation ^{[21, l. 1; 34, p. 24; 36, p. 368-369]}.

In 1670, there were mentions of other murzas: Saltanbek Kanbulatovich Cherkassky, his brothers Divey and Adilgirey ^{[44, l. 216 vol.; 14, l. 1; 17, l. 2]}. Their father, Kanbulat Pshimakhovich Cherkassky, was also a murza in the Tersk city ^{[36, p. 272, 293; 45, p. 208]}. After the death of Kaspulat Mutsalovich, Saltanbek Kanbulatovich Cherkassky became the new prince over the Circassians and the Okochans of the city in 1682 ^{[36, pp. 376-377]}.

Among other Kabardian murzas, the documents of 1660 also name Shingirei-murza Uraskhanov ^{[33, p. 354]}. In 1674, Hoshona-murza Zozorokov from Malaya Kabarda took part in Kaspulat Mutsalovich's campaign to Azov ^{[42, p. 109]}.

In addition to Kabardian, Okotsky murzas also served in the Terek city. In 1670, it was Chapai or Chapan Kostrov (Kohostrov). His father once served in the Turks, and then his brother. Subsequently, two sons of Chapai also continued the dynasty ^{[17, L. 1; 20; 39, p. 342; 42, p. 241; 45, p. 213, 232, 236-238; 39, pp. 123-128]}. In 1675, Chapai-murza received 20 rubles before the Crimean campaign ^{[44, p. 216 vol.]}. In the same year, Chapai's son Eltutar and 7 of his relatives came to Moscow. After his arrival, he received clothes as a gift from the tsar: a single–row jacket, a caftan, a hat and boots, and during the royal reception - a sable fur coat. Before leaving, he was given 20 rubles, as well as a fur coat, a fox hat ^{[44, l. 111 vol., 377 vol.-378 vol.]}.

The "mountain murzas" of the Andreev village (Andy), located in northern Dagestan, Chepalov and Alibek also served in the Turks ^{[17, l. 3]}. In 1677, they were given a royal salary, although as early as 1672-74. Chepalov was at enmity with the Terek city, attacking its inhabitants. Kaspulat Mutzalovich, together with the Kalmyks, went on a campaign against him ^{[36, pp. 333, 339-340]}. By the end of 1674, Chepolov and Alibek stopped military operations and swore allegiance to the tsar ^{[47, p. 39]}. In 1679 they continued to serve in the Terek city together with their wives and receive the royal salary ^{[35, p. 49]}.

In 1675, the Kumyk murza Babatai or Balatai also served the tsar. In 1675, together with Kaspulat Mutsalovich, he was in Moscow and received a salary of 20 rubles, as well as a kunya fur coat under a kamka and a fox hat, as well as sables (along with his bridles) for 100 rubles ^{[44, l. 138-139, 159 vol.; 39, p. 345]}. In 1678, kafyrkumukhsky murza Asanbek Bogomatov (Aslanbek Bahamatov) was also going to the royal service together with Kaspulat Mutzalovich and asked for a salary – this was another Tersk murza ^{[22, l. 1]}. In 1679, he continued to serve with his uzden and received a royal salary ^{[35, p. 49]}.

A large group of Terek military men were the uzdeni, who were subordinate to the prince and the murzas. In 1663, 325 uzdeni served and received salaries in the Turks ^{[28, p. 42]}. Their average salary was slightly more than 6 rubles per person per year. But it was not the same for all brides, its size depended on their social status, length of service and merits. The bridles were also unevenly distributed between individual murzas. Kaspulat Mutzalovich had the most restraints. He "inherited" the murz, which had previously been subordinate to his father. There were 104 of them, and they retained the same salary that they received under Prince Mutsal Sunchaleevich. The bridles were divided into two categories. One of them (the lowest) was called "yard bridles" in documents of that period. There were 47 of them, and they received the same salary – 5 rubles a year. In terms of their income, they were probably closest to the Sagittarians. The second category was called "backyard bridles". Of these, 17 people also received 5 rubles, 22 uzdens – from 6 to 10 rubles and 18 people – from 11 to 18 rubles. The highest category of "backyard bridles" had significantly more weight in society than "yard bridles".

In addition to these bridles, Kaspulat Mutzalovich had 10 more of his own bridles with a salary of 5 to 8 rubles. After the death of his brothers, Kaspulat Mutzalovich also received their bridles, of which there were a total of 45 people. In 1676 . he had 162 uzden ^{[44, l. 431 vol.-433; 15, l. 2-3]}, that is, about half of all Terek uzden.

Murz had much fewer bridles than Kaspulat Mutzalovich. In 1675, when Aydemir and Khatu-murza took part in the Crimean campaign, they had 50 and 45 or 46 bridles, respectively ^{[44, l. 226 vol.; 36, p. 350]}. In this campaign, according to Kaspulat Mutsalovich, 70 Terek uzdenes took part ^{[44, l.418 vol.]}. On the eve of the Crimean campaign, Khatu-murza, along with his uzdenes, received three hundred and fifteen rubles ^{[44, l. 216 vol.]}. In 1675, the uzdeni of Khatu-murza were in Moscow, they had to get 5 rubles each, as well as a squirrel fur coat and a hat ^{[44, l. 380 vol. -381 vol., 454]}.

After the Crimean campaign, in 1676, the annual salary of Aydemir-murza's brides was: 10 people – 8 rubles, 10 more – 7 rubles, 15 received 6 rubles each and 15 more – 5 ^{[44, l. 722 vol.; 13, l. 2]}. After this campaign, Aydemir -Murza asked for a salary for another 50 uzdens, so that he would have 100 people ^{[36, p. 357]}. However, based on the fact that in 1678 his wives received the same amount of money as in 1676 (315 rubles), this request was not satisfied ^{[35, p. 49]}.

Saltanbek Kanbulatovich and his brothers Divey and Adilgirei had 10 uzdens each, a total of 30 people with a salary of 5-7 rubles ^{[44, l. 433 vol.; 14, l. 1-2]}. In 1675, Saltanbek, Divey and Adilgirey, together with their bridles, received two hundred and thirty-nine rubles ^{[44, l. 216 vol.]}, although they did not take part in this campaign.

When the uzdeni came to Moscow, they received an additional salary, and if they brought the tsar a message about the victory (seunch), they received a separate reward for it. In 1665, when the uzdeni of Kaspulat Mutzalovich were informed in Moscow about the victories in the campaign against the new Crimean town, the eldest of them received a fur coat worth 45 rubles, a fox hat of 6 rubles and 8 rubles of money on the occasion of his arrival. His comrades (5 people) were given a squirrel fur coat (9 rubles), a fox hat (2 rubles) and 5 rubles of money. The special salary for the seunch was: the eldest – a sable fur coat (40 rubles), a fox hat (6 rubles), 8 rubles of money. Others received a squirrel fur coat (8 rubles), a hat (2 rubles) and 4 rubles of money. Before leaving, they all received gifts and money again, although less than when they arrived ^{[36, p. 338]}. Each appearance of the uzdeni in Moscow was accompanied by the receipt of a similar salary.

Another category of military Terek people were Okoki or Okochans (one of the groups of Vainakhs), who moved to the Terek city in the early years of its existence. At that time, they were led by their own murzas, but after Murza Batai's flight from the city, power over the Okochans was transferred to the Kabardian princes ^{[27, pp. 524-527; 36, pp. 84-85; 40, pp. 163-173]}. The Okochans lived in their own special settlement. Their number in the first period of service at the Tersk city was 160 people, but by 1663 there were only 113 of them, because some of them refused military service. The average salary of the okochan in this period exceeded 7 rubles per person ^{[28, p. 42]}.

According to the royal decree, 190 Okochans were to take part in the Crimean campaign of 1675 together with Kaspulat Mutzalovich. However, this figure probably exceeded their entire number near the Tersk city. Therefore, only 64 Okochan people arrived in Astrakhan, after the review (preceding the campaign) 51 Okochan remained, and only 24 people went further from Tsaritsyn ^{[44, l. 226, 227, 418 vol.; 39, p. 351]}. At the end of the campaign, they were to receive an additional salary of 4 rubles each ^{[44, l. 425 vol.]}. But in the list of Terek military men who went through the Crimean campaign with Kaspulat Mutsalovich from the beginning to the end, only 17 okochans appear ^{[44, l. 530 vol.-531]}. From 1663 to 1678, the number of Okochans in the Tersk city, apparently, did not change too much. Their total salary during this period increased from 810 to 824 rubles ^{[35, p. 49]}.

The Tersk garrison also included New Baptists, who also served here from the first years of the city's existence. Little is known about them. After the adoption of Orthodoxy, their names and surnames changed, so it is difficult to say where one or the other of them came from. They lived in their own special settlement and obeyed Prince Kaspulat Mutzalovich. In 1663 there were 70 of them. Their salary averaged over 9 rubles per person – more than that of the Okochans, the Streltsy and most of the Uzden ^{[28, p. 42]}. In addition to participating in military operations, they were sent to collect information about the peoples of the Caucasus and about the Crimea or Persia. In 1672, the newly baptized Semyon Nikulin was sent to Bolshaya Kabarda to collect information about the Crimean Khan ^{[43, l. 3-4]}.

The New Baptists, as well as the Okochans, and the Grebensky Cossacks, and the Uzdeni, and the Murzas took part in the Crimean campaign of 1675. It was assumed that there would be 60 people, but 55 arrived in Astrakhan, and after the review they turned out to be 43 ^{[44, l. 226, 227, 418 vol.; 36, p. 351]}. Then there were 20 people left ^{[44, l. 530-530 vol.]}, and in the final lists – 14 or 16. They were allocated 5 rubles each for participating in the campaign ^{[44, L. 425 vol., 429 vol.]}. Two New Baptists who came to Moscow after the Crimean campaign were awarded, in addition to 5 rubles, 1 squirrel fur coat and a piece of cloth ^{[44, L. 389 vol.]}. With From 1663 to 1679, the number of New baptists apparently changed little. Their salary increased from more than 644 rubles to 661 ^{[35, p. 49]}.

There was a very small group of "Tatars" – 19 people subordinate to their own "herd head" and Kaspulat Mutzalovich. Their average salary (including the "head") it amounted to 6.6 rubles ^{[28, p. 42]}. By 1678, their number did not seem to have changed compared to 1663. Their total salary remained the same – 132 rubles ^{[35, p.49]}.

The study of the sources revealed new facts about the history of the Tersk garrison of 1660-1670: the number of all categories of military men and their salaries, their role in military campaigns. During this period, as during the previous time, one of the main goals of the state in politics in the Caucasus was to increase the number of Russian military personnel. To do this, Streltsy from other cities were transferred to Turks for permanent or temporary service, as well as soldiers. However, the unsatisfactory financial situation of the residents of the city, associated primarily with delays, non-payment of "bread" wages, prevented the implementation of these plans.

In these conditions, the service of people from the regions of the North Caucasus – princes, Uzdeny, Okochan, Novokreschen - who lived in the suburbs of the Tersk city acquired special importance. Another important group for the city were the Grebensky Cossacks, who lived in their towns, but received their salaries in Turks. Both of them took an active part both in the defense of the city and in campaigns thousands of kilometers from the Caucasus. Such long-range campaigns indicate, in particular, that this part of the Terek military men had cavalry as the predominant type of army. The Kabardian prince Kaspulat Mutzalovich Cherkassky commanded and ruled the inhabitants of the Tersk settlements. Among the serving people subordinate to him, the largest part were uzdeni, fewer were okochan, and even fewer were newly baptized. But during military campaigns, the Grebensky Cossacks and Streltsy could also obey the prince. Kaspulat Mutzalovich conducted most of the military operations together with the Kalmyks, and some of the campaigns also with the Don or Zaporozhye Cossacks, with the Astrakhan Archers. This helped both to defend the city from the enemies and to achieve success far from the borders of the Caucasus.