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Police and Investigative Activity
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On the prospects of using foreign experience in training personnel for civil society entities in Russia

Potapenko Sergei Viktorovich

ORCID: 0000-0003-3013-5072

Doctor of Law

Professor; Department of Civil Procedure and International Law; Kuban State University

350040, Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Stavropol str., 149

niipgergo2009@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich

PhD in Law

Associate Professor; Department of Civil Procedure and International Law; Kuban State University

350040, Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Stavropol str., 149

niipgergo2009@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Malinovskii Oleg Nikolaevich

ORCID: 0000-0001-6541-9046

PhD in Law

Associate Professor; Department of Civil Procedure and International Law; Kuban State University

350040, Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Stavropol str., 149

niipgergo2009@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Petrenko Elena Gennad'evna

PhD in Law

Associate Professor of the Department of State and International Law, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin

350044, Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Kalinina str., 13

niipgergo2009@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Cheshin Andrei Vladimirovich

ORCID: 0009-0000-7572-3076

PhD in Economics

Associate Professor; Faculty of Secondary Vocational Education; Orsk Institute of Humanities and Technology (branch), Orenburg State University

462419, Russia, Orenburg region, Orsk, Mira, 15A

niipgergo2009@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 

DOI:

10.25136/2409-7810.2024.1.71593

EDN:

BNHZQI

Received:

27-08-2024


Published:

16-09-2024


Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems and prospects of using the experience of training workers abroad for various subjects of civil society in the Russian Federation. It is argued that the institute of public control acts as a key legal guarantee for the implementation, protection and protection of both the system of constitutional principles and the entire system of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities in the country. The authors substantiate the position that the basis of the organization and activity of any subject of public control in Russia is its human resources potential. The article identifies several categories of individuals who both take part in the preparation and conduct of public control measures and generally ensure the activities of the above-mentioned subjects of public control.  In the course of writing this scientific article, a number of general and particular scientific research methods were used, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. In the work, special attention is paid to the analysis of the positive experience of training and retraining abroad of representatives of subjects of public control. The authors substantiate why the positive foreign experience of training and retraining of personnel for civil society entities (including in the field of organizing and exercising civil society control over the apparatus of public authority and other objects exercising certain public powers) is important for analysis, adaptation and use in the process of improving the institute of public control in the Russian Federation. The article develops and substantiates a system of measures to optimize the processes of training and advanced training of both members of subjects of public control in Russia and employees of state and municipal institutions that ensure their functioning.


Keywords:

public control, Russian Federation, training, retraining, advanced training, foreign experience, optimization, democracy, civil society, professionalism

This article is automatically translated.

Introduction

The Institute of Public Control in the Russian Federation is the object of detailed study in the works of L. A. Spector, [3, pp. 194-196] V. V. Grib, [5, pp. 2-6] L. A. Krasnobaeva, [9, pp. 72-78] N. S. Lisina, [10, pp. 32-40] T. N. Mikheeva, [11, pp. 177-183] A. A. Tishakova, [16, pp. 421-427] G. N. Chebotareva, [18, pp. 26-34] as well as a number of other scientists. At the same time, special attention is paid to such authors as E. G. Petrenko, [1, pp. 3454-3463] A.V. Cheshin, [4, pp. 196-200] V. V. Grib, [6, pp. 16-19] V. P. Kirilenko, [7, pp. 33-37] N. V. Kravchuk, [8, pp. 58-70] V. F. Saetgaraev, [13, pp. 197-213] A. G. Sevostyanova, [14, pp. 380-381] M. H. Khasenov, [17, pp. 182-188] as well as some other scientists, are devoted to the problems of using international and foreign experience in the organization and functioning of the institute of civil society control over the apparatus of public power, as well as other entities implementing separate public powers. However, the proportion of studies devoted to the adaptation and implementation of this experience in the Russian practice of organizing and functioning of the institute of public control remains low. This is especially true of the experience of training and retraining professional staff for this institution of civil society. This circumstance determines the choice of the topic of this scientific research, the purpose of which is to develop a system of measures to optimize the processes of training and advanced training of both members of Russian subjects of public control and employees of state and municipal institutions that ensure their functioning (based on positive foreign experience in training personnel for civil society entities).

The object of the study is public relations related to the training and retraining of professional personnel for subjects of civil society abroad, as well as for subjects of public control in the Russian Federation. In turn, the subject of the study is the norms of domestic and foreign legislation regulating both the organization and functioning of civil society control over the apparatus of public authority and other objects exercising certain public powers, as well as the issues of training and retraining of professional personnel for subjects of civil society abroad, as well as for subjects of public control in the Russian Federation Federation.

The main problem of the study is the need to choose from the entire array of foreign experience in the training and retraining of professional personnel for civil society actors that part of it that can be optimally adapted and implemented into Russian practice.

The scientific novelty of this work consists in the fact that this study is one of the first in the field of analyzing foreign experience in the training and retraining of professional personnel for subjects of civil society with a view to its subsequent adaptation and implementation into Russian practice of training and retraining of personnel for subjects of public control.

Research methodology and methodology

In the course of writing this scientific article, a number of general and particular scientific research methods were used, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The empirical basis of the study was, in particular, the norms of the current legislation on public control, materials of judicial practice, materials related to the practical activities of subjects of public control.

The main text

The Institute of Public Control in the Russian Federation, despite the fact that it was formalized in federal legislation relatively recently, has managed to establish itself, as we noted in previous studies [2, pp. 127-130] as a key, and most importantly, the most effective, institution of civil society, acting as the most important legal guarantee as a system of constitutional principles, as well as the entire system of rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities.

The basis of the organization and activity of any subject of public control in Russia is its human resources, among which several categories of individuals should be identified who both participate in the preparation and conduct of public control events and generally ensure the activities of the above-mentioned subjects of public control:

Firstly, these are members of the subject of public control (for example, members of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, members of regional and municipal public chambers, as well as numerous public councils under federal, regional and municipal public authorities).

Secondly, these are employees of the apparatus of various subjects of public control, which we mentioned above. In most cases, these apparatuses have been created and operate in the form of state and municipal institutions funded from federal, regional and local budgets, whose activities consist, on the one hand, in ensuring the smooth operation of these subjects of public control, and on the other hand, in facilitating the processes of organizing and conducting individual public control events, collecting necessary information and documents in the course of these events, processing, analysis of this information, preparation of analytical reports, notes, draft decisions of these subjects of public control, etc.

Thirdly, these are employees of the staff of trade union organizations, trade union activists who participate in the preparation and conduct of public control events by trade unions. These measures are aimed, on the one hand, at protecting the labor rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of both employees who are members of trade unions and the entire labor collective as a whole, and on the other hand, on the whole, at employers' compliance with the requirements of current legislation.

Fourthly, these are individuals who take part in the functioning of subjects of public control. In some cases, for example, when organizing and conducting public environmental control events, these individuals form the basis of the human resources potential of public control.

Fifthly, these are members and participants of numerous non-governmental non-profit organizations, which also have the right to participate in the processes of formation and functioning of certain subjects of public control.

What is so important about the aforementioned human resources potential of subjects of public control in the Russian Federation?

Firstly, the effectiveness and efficiency of the work of this institution of civil society as a whole depends on the level of professionalism of all the above-mentioned categories of individuals who participate in the organization and functioning of subjects of public control, the organization and conduct of its individual events by them. The higher the level of this professionalism, the more quickly and efficiently these individuals improve their professional skills, accumulate knowledge, experience, etc., the greater the number of violations of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities they will be revealed during public control measures, the more effectively violations of the current legislation will be identified and suppressed legislation.

Secondly, in addition to the professionalism of the personnel of the subjects of public control, the level of their professional ethics is also important. For example, in the event of a conflict of interest, participants in public control events must, on the one hand, cease their participation in them, and on the other hand, notify the subject of public control of the conflict of interest in order for new representatives to be sent from this subject to continue the public control event. In addition, other representatives of the subject of public control must have a sufficient level of knowledge and competence in order to detect the specified conflict of interest in a timely manner, if for some reason information about it is not received from the specified representative of the subject of public control. This is necessary so that this representative is promptly removed from performing these functions and replaced with another representative of the subject of public control, and the process of organizing and conducting a public control event is not interrupted, the effectiveness and efficiency of the work of subjects of public control does not suffer from this.

Thirdly, in a rapidly globalizing world, all types of management decision-making are becoming more complicated, new modern digital technologies are increasingly being used, including artificial intelligence technologies, technologies for working with large amounts of data, which requires knowledge and experience of working with these technologies and representatives of subjects of public control. Since the development of these technologies takes place practically in real time, an adequate level of professionalism of representatives of subjects of public control is possible, on the one hand, with constant improvement of their professional qualifications through training, and on the other hand, by analyzing positive foreign experience in the field of training and retraining of personnel for various subjects of civil society.

Why is foreign experience in this field so important?

First of all, the above-mentioned technologies (for example, in the field of artificial intelligence) have centers of development and renewal in the United States, China, and a number of European Union countries. Therefore, in order for public control to be carried out as effectively as possible, it is necessary to use the most modern technologies in its implementation, which are precisely possessed by subjects of civil society in developed capitalist states.

What are the main areas of training and retraining for civil society actors abroad at the moment? Why do we address civil society as a whole in our analysis? Because in the European Union and the United States, the term "public control" does not apply to the control of civil society over the apparatus of public power and other objects exercising certain public powers. They use a number of other terms, for example, the terms "transparency" and "participation". Understanding transparency as the need for public authorities and other entities exercising certain public powers to ensure the necessary level of accessibility of information about their activities for civil society actors. In turn, "participation" in the West is understood as the mutual involvement of public authorities (other entities exercising certain public powers) and civil society entities in the processes of effective and full-fledged control of civil society over the activities of public authorities (other entities exercising certain public powers). Practically all types of civil society entities take part in the implementation of this control in one form or another, which ensures full and widespread coverage of all control objects with its activities in almost real time (and modern digital technologies contribute to reducing the labor and material costs of civil society entities in organizing and conducting control activities, which we are talking about mentioned earlier).

Among the main areas of training and retraining of personnel for subjects of public control in developed capitalist states (mainly the United States and the European Union), one can distinguish:

Firstly, the implementation of centralized training for civil society actors at the expense of international government organizations, for example, the governing structures of the European Union, in educational institutions, both by financing places in these educational institutions from public budgets, and by allocating grants to students from civil society actors (on a competitive or unconditional basis) from the budgets of these international governmental organizations, for example, the budget of the European Union, as well as its funds. For example, the Scholarship Program for Civil Society in the Eastern Partnership countries is actively funded by the European Union, which aims to achieve "high returns in terms of professionalization and professionalization of civil society and, thus, its ability to participate in the development of constructive cooperation policies and social dialogue in the Eastern Partnership countries." [15]

Secondly, the implementation of centralized personnel training for civil society entities at the expense of the state in educational institutions, both by financing places in these educational institutions from public budgets, and by allocating grants (on a competitive or unconditional basis) from public budgets to students representing civil society entities. For example, this practice is widespread in certain US states, which finance various training programs for civil society actors at the expense of states (this is actively used by states led by representatives of the US Democratic Party, for example, in New York State).

Thirdly, training of personnel for civil society actors at the expense of international non-governmental and national charitable foundations, foundations for the development of democratic rights and freedoms, etc. (usually in the form of grants). A classic example of such training is the Open Society Foundations, [12] funded by the American billionaire J. Soros. This foundation provides training and retraining for civil society actors around the world. It can be argued that the example of this fund is not successful. But it's not like that! This fund is just successful in imposing ideas and meanings of civil society that benefit the United States. The Russian Federation should stimulate the creation of private foundations (as well as foundations based on public-private partnership) that would introduce into Russian civil society, as well as the civil society of allied countries, the ideas and meanings of civil society necessary for the preservation and development of the Russian Federation, the promotion of the "Russian world", as repeatedly stated Russian President Vladimir Putin. And the key role in this process is precisely the training of personnel for civil society actors (including subjects of public control).

Fourth, personnel training for civil society entities is carried out by creating unions and associations for various types of civil society entities, followed by their organization of training for representatives of these entities who are founders (members) of the above-mentioned associations and unions. This training is carried out either at the expense of these associations and unions, or at the expense of sponsorship funds attracted by them (individuals and legal entities, international governmental and non-governmental organizations).

Fifthly, educational institutions (universities, colleges) allocate free places for training representatives of civil society entities, for example, whose activities are devoted to the protection of the rights and freedoms of certain categories of individuals whose rights and freedoms are infringed to a greater extent than other individuals (in particular, migrants, representatives of sexual minorities, etc.).

Conclusion

It seems that from the above-mentioned experience of training and retraining civil society personnel abroad in the Russian Federation, the following forms can be used (implemented):

First, the Russian Government should be instructed, after consultations with the country's Public Chamber, to develop and implement training programs for specialists, bachelors, and masters in the field of public control (at the expense of public budgets) in higher and secondary specialized educational institutions.

There are two main objections to this thesis. First, on what basis is the state obliged to spend money on training personnel for subjects of public control who are not public authorities? Secondly, on the basis of what such expenses should also be carried out from regional and local budgets? A number of theses can be cited in criticism of these objections. First of all, according to the legislation on public control, public authorities take part in the process of creating most types of subjects of public control (as we mentioned earlier in this article). Consequently, they are also responsible for ensuring the optimal level of organization and functioning of these entities, including in terms of the appropriate level of professional competence of personnel of subjects of public control. Moreover, public authorities, when appointing members of subjects of public control, are in no way connected, for example, with the need to verify the level of professional competence and knowledge in the field of public control among candidates for members of a subject of public control. In fact, he may not have the proper knowledge, skills, and competencies. Therefore, it is necessary to create conditions for his training, retraining, and advanced training (and at the expense of the budget of the appropriate level)!

Secondly, it is necessary to encourage the creation of associations and unions of subjects of public control, as well as the creation of associations and unions on the database (for example, the All-Russian Association of Subjects of Public Control) of a higher educational institution (in particular, in the form of ANO), where training and retraining of personnel for subjects of public control will be carried out.

Thirdly, the Government of the country should launch additional state grant programs for subjects of public control, in which their employees (members, representatives) will be able to participate, within which the winners will be able to undergo advanced training, vocational training and retraining at the expense of the federal budget. The existing programs funded by grants from the President of the Russian Federation are of a general nature (devoted in general to the development of the institute of public control and civil society). Therefore, targeted programs aimed at improving the human resources potential of subjects of public control are required.

Fourth, it is necessary to encourage private educational institutions to launch appropriate free professional training programs for representatives of subjects of public control (in exchange for various preferences from the state).

As a general recommendation, we consider it necessary to create a Scientific Research Institute of Public Control on the basis of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, which will constantly monitor the positive foreign practice of developing the institute of public control (including in terms of training and retraining of qualified personnel for it).

Alternatively, it is possible to create a National University at the expense of the federal budget, the main task of which will be the training of bachelors, specialists, masters, retraining of personnel for subjects of Russian civil society (at the expense of the federal budget).

References
1. Achmad, H., Djais, A. I., Petrenko, E. G., Markov, A. A., Vikhareva, L. V., & Putra, A. P. (2020). 3-D printing as a tool for applying biotechnologies in modern medicine. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(4), 3454-3463.
2. Goncharov, V. V., Cheshin, A.V., Grishchenko, O. V., Litvinova, V. Yu., & Petrenko, E. G. (2023). On the need to organize a system for monitoring the economic efficiency of the activities of subjects of public control in the Russian Federation. Law and the State: theory and practice, 6(222), 127-130.
3. Goncharov, V. V., Malyutin, A. D., Spector, L. A., Retrieved from Petrenko, E. G. (2023). Institute of Public Control as a guarantee of the realization and protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation. Law and the state: theory and practice, 5(221), 194-196.
4. Goncharov, V. V., Grishchenko, O. V., Petrenko, E. G., Spector, L. A., & Cheshin, A.V. (2023). Digital technologies as a tool to increase the economic efficiency of public control measures in Russia. Law and the state: theory and practice, 8(224), 196-200.
5. Grib, V. V. (2019). Problems and trends in the development of the legal framework on public control: five years later. Russian justice system, 9, 2-6.
6. Grib, V. V. (2015). The right to receive information and the problems of its implementation by subjects of public control in the Russian Federation and abroad. Russian Justice, 10, 16-19.
7. Kirilenko, V. P., & Paraskevova, M. T. (2019). Public control in Russia and abroad: international legal aspect. Actual problems of science and practice, 3, 33-37.
8. Kravchuk, N. V. (2024). The climate law of the European Union – the principle of civil society participation in the decision-making process and the principle of environmental integration. Social and humanitarian Sciences. Domestic and foreign literature. Series 4: State and Law, 1, 58-70.
9. Krasnobaeva, L. A. (2023). Public control as a way to ensure the implementation of public services. Izvestiya Gomelskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni F. Skoriny, 2(137), 74-78.
10. Lisina, N. S. (2022). Digital transformation and public control: prospects for influence. Current problems of Russian law, 6(139), 32-40.
11. Mikheeva, T. N. (2018). Public control from the standpoint of the constitutional right of citizens to participate in the management of state affairs. Current problems of Russian law, 10(95), 177-183.
12. Open Society Foundations. [DX Reader version]. Retrieved from https://opensocietyfoundations.org
13. Saetgaraev, V. F. (2022). The policy of promoting civil society in the activities of the US police. Bulletin of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1(100), 197-213.
14. Sevostyanova, A. G., & Khasanova, V. A. (2022). Interaction of civil society institutions with penitentiary structures: the experience of foreign countries. Eurasian Law Journal, 9(172), 380-381.
15. Scholarship program for civil society in the Eastern Partnership countries: approved by the European Commission. [DX Reader version]. Retrieved from https://eap-csf.eu/frontpage-rus
16. Tishakova, A. A. (2024). Public control in the field of public administration. Bulletin of Science, 6(75), 421-427.
17. Khasenov, M. H. (2017). Public control in Kazakhstan and abroad: the institutional and legal basis and problems of implementation. Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, 5(120), 182-188.
18. Chebotarev, G. N. (2019). Mutually responsible partnership of the state and society. State and law, 10, 26-34.

First Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The subject of the study is the prospects of using foreign experience in training personnel for civil society actors in Russia. The research methodology is based on a theoretical approach using methods of analysis, comparison, generalization, synthesis. The relevance of the research is determined by the large-scale processes of the formation of civil society, the importance of personnel training for subjects of public control, including the comprehension of foreign experience. The scientific novelty of the study is associated by the author with its subject matter, as well as with the formulated recommendations for the application of the considered experience in the training and retraining of civil society personnel abroad in the Russian Federation. The article is written in Russian literary language. The style of presentation is scientific. The structure of the manuscript includes the following sections: Introduction (institute of public control in the Russian Federation, problems of using international and foreign experience, object, subject and problem of research, scientific novelty), Methodology and methodology of research, Main text (personnel potential of the subject of public control – members of the subject, employees of the apparatus of various subjects, employees of the apparatus of trade union organizations, individuals who participate in the functioning of subjects of public control, members and participants of non-governmental non-profit organizations, the importance of developing human resources and foreign experience in this field, the main directions of training and retraining of personnel for subjects of civil society abroad), Conclusion (conclusions), Bibliography. The content generally corresponds to the title. At the same time, it is not so much about the content and methodology of training for civil society actors, as about its organizational and financial features, which perhaps should be reflected in the wording of the title. In general, it is not clear why training for civil society institutions, in particular, public control, including the development of appropriate educational programs, is proposed to be carried out in state educational organizations at the expense of budgetary funds, and not by public organizations and citizens themselves. The proposal for grant programs is being implemented, for example, within the framework of a competition for grants from the President of the Russian Federation for the development of civil society, which should be taken into account. It should also be noted that the activities of the aforementioned Open Society Foundations (the J. Soros) is considered undesirable in the Russian Federation. The bibliography includes 18 sources of domestic and foreign authors – scientific articles, materials of scientific events, Internet resources. Bibliographic descriptions of some sources require adjustments in accordance with GOST and editorial requirements, for example: 1. Achmad H., Djais A. I., Petrenko E. G., Markov A. A., Vikhareva L. V., Putra A. P. 3-D printing as a tool for applying biotechnologies in modern medicine // International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020. Vol. 12. № 4. P. 3454–3463. 15. Scholarship program for civil society in the Eastern Partnership countries: approved by the European Commission. URL: https://civilsocietycooperation.net/?lang=ru. Perhaps there is excessive self-citation (Petrenko E. G. with co-authors). Appeal to opponents (Grib V. V., Kirilenko V. P., Paraskevova M. T., Kravchuk N. V., Krasnobaeva L. A., Lisina N. S., Mikheeva T. N., Saetgaraev V. F., Sevostyanova A. G., Khasanova V. A., Tishakova A. A., Khasenov M. H., Chebotarev G. N. and etc.) takes place. In general, the material is of interest to the readership and can be published after revision (compliance with the subject of the journal "Police and Investigative activities" is not obvious).

Second Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The subject of the research in the article submitted for review is, as the author points out, the norms of domestic and foreign legislation regulating both the organization and functioning of civil society control over the apparatus of public authority and other objects exercising certain public powers, as well as the issues of training and retraining of professional personnel for civil society entities abroad, as well as for subjects of public control in the Russian Federation. The declared boundaries of the study have been observed by the scientist. The methodology of the research is disclosed: "During the writing of this scientific article, a number of general and private scientific research methods were used, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations." The relevance of the research topic chosen by the author is undoubted and justified by him in sufficient detail: "The Institute of Public Control in the Russian Federation is the object of detailed study in the works of L. A. Spector, [3, pp. 194-196] V. V. Grib, [5, pp. 2-6] L. A. Krasnobaeva, [9, pp. 72-78] N. S. Lisina, [10, pp. 32-40] T. N. Mikheeva, [11, pp. 177-183] A. A. Tishakova, [16, pp. 421-427] G. N. Chebotareva, [18, pp. 26-34] as well as a number of other scientists. At the same time, special attention is paid to such authors as E. G. Petrenko, [1, pp. 3454-3463] A.V. Cheshin, [4, pp. 196-200] V. V. Grib, [6, pp. 16-19] V. P. Kirilenko, [7, pp. 33-37] N. V. Kravchuk, [8, pp. 58-70] V. F. Saetgaraev, [13, pp. 197-213] A. G. Sevostyanova, [14, pp. 380-381] M. H. Khasenov, [17, pp. 182-188] and some others are devoted to the problems of using international and foreign experience in the organization and functioning of the institute of civil society control over the apparatus of public power, as well as other entities implementing certain public authority. However, the proportion of studies devoted to the adaptation and implementation of this experience in the Russian practice of organizing and functioning of the institute of public control remains low. This is especially true of the experience of training and retraining professional staff for this institution of civil society. This circumstance determines the choice of the topic of this scientific research, the purpose of which is to develop a system of measures to optimize the processes of training and advanced training of both members of subjects of public control in Russia and employees of state and municipal institutions that ensure their functioning (based on positive foreign experience in training personnel for subjects of civil society)." The scientific novelty of the work is manifested in a number of conclusions and suggestions of the author: "What is so important about the aforementioned human resources potential of subjects of public control in the Russian Federation? Firstly, the effectiveness and efficiency of the work of this institution of civil society as a whole depends on the level of professionalism of all the above-mentioned categories of individuals who participate in the organization and functioning of subjects of public control, the organization and conduct of its individual events by them. The higher the level of this professionalism, the more quickly and efficiently these individuals improve their professional skills, accumulate knowledge, experience, etc., the greater the number of violations of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities they will be revealed during public control measures, the more effectively violations of the current legislation will be identified and suppressed legislation. Secondly, in addition to the professionalism of the personnel of subjects of public control, the level of their professional ethics is also important. For example, in the event of a conflict of interest, participants in public control events must, on the one hand, cease their participation in them, and on the other hand, notify the subject of public control of the conflict of interest in order for new representatives to be sent from this subject to continue the public control event. In addition, other representatives of the subject of public control must have a sufficient level of knowledge and competence in order to detect the specified conflict of interest in a timely manner, if for some reason information about it is not received from the specified representative of the subject of public control. This is necessary so that this representative is promptly removed from performing these functions and replaced with another representative of the subject of public control, and the process of organizing and conducting public control events is not interrupted, the effectiveness and efficiency of the work of subjects of public control does not suffer from this. Thirdly, in a rapidly globalizing world, all types of management decision-making are becoming more complicated, new modern digital technologies are increasingly being used, including artificial intelligence technologies, technologies for working with large amounts of data, which requires knowledge and experience of working with these technologies and representatives of subjects of public control. Since the development of these technologies takes place almost in real time, an adequate level of professionalism of representatives of subjects of public control is possible, on the one hand, with constant improvement of their professional qualifications through training, and on the other hand, by analyzing positive foreign experience in the field of training and retraining of personnel for various subjects of civil society"; "Including the main directions of training and retraining of personnel for subjects of public control in developed capitalist states (mainly the United States and the European Union) can be distinguished: Firstly, the implementation of centralized training for civil society actors at the expense of international government organizations, for example, the governing structures of the European Union, in educational institutions, as through financing places in these educational institutions from public budgets, and by allocating grants (on a competitive or unconditional basis) to students from representatives of civil society entities from the budgets of these international governmental organizations, for example, the budget of the European Union, as well as its funds. For example, the Scholarship Program for Civil Society in the Eastern Partnership countries is actively funded by the European Union, which aims to achieve "high returns in terms of professionalization and professionalization of civil society and, thus, its ability to participate in the development of constructive cooperation policies and social dialogue in the Eastern Partnership countries." [15] Secondly, the implementation of centralized personnel training for civil society entities at the expense of the state in educational institutions, both by financing places in these educational institutions from public budgets, and by allocating grants (on a competitive or unconditional basis) from public budgets to students representing civil society entities. For example, this practice is widespread in certain US states, which finance various training programs for civil society actors at the expense of states (this is actively used by states led by representatives of the US Democratic Party, for example, in New York State)," etc. Thus, the article makes a certain contribution to the development of domestic legal science and, of course, deserves the attention of potential readers. The scientific style of the research is fully sustained by the author.
The structure of the work is logical. In the introductory part of the article, the scientist substantiates the relevance of his chosen research topic, defines its object, subject, purpose, methodology. In the main part of the work, the author develops a system of measures to optimize the processes of training and advanced training of both members of subjects of public control in Russia and employees of state and municipal institutions that ensure their functioning (based on positive foreign experience in training personnel for subjects of civil society). The final part of the article contains conclusions based on the results of the study. The content of the article corresponds to its title, but is not devoid of formal shortcomings. So, the author writes: "At the same time, special attention is paid to such authors as E. G. Petrenko, [1, pp. 3454-3463] A.V. Cheshin, [4, pp. 196-200] V. V. Grib, [6, pp. 16-19] V. P. Kirilenko, [7, pp. 33-37] N. V. Kravchuk, [8, pp. 58-70] V. F. Saetgaraev, [13, pp. 197-213] A. G. Sevostyanova, [14, pp. 380-381] M. H. Khasenov, [17, pp. 182-188] and some others are devoted to the problems of using international and foreign experience in the organization and functioning of the institute of civil society control over the apparatus of public power, as well as other entities implementing separate public powers" - the first comma is superfluous. The scientist notes: "However, the share of research devoted to the adaptation and implementation of this experience into the Russian practice of organizing and functioning of the institute of public control remains not high" - "However, the share of research devoted to the adaptation and implementation of this experience into the Russian practice of organizing and functioning of the institute of public control remains not high." The author indicates: "First of all, according to the legislation on public control, public authorities take part in the process of creating most varieties of subjects of public control (as we mentioned earlier in this article)" - "First of all, according to the legislation on public control, public authorities take part in the process of creating most varieties of subjects of public control (about which we mentioned it earlier in this article)". Thus, the article needs additional proofreading - spelling, punctuation and stylistic errors occur in it (the list of errors given in the review is not exhaustive!). The bibliography of the study is presented by 18 sources (scientific articles and analytical materials), including in English. From a formal and factual point of view, this is enough. The author managed to reveal the research topic with the necessary completeness and depth. There is an appeal to the opponents, but it is general in nature due to the focus of the study. The scientific discussion is conducted by the author correctly. The provisions of the work are justified to the appropriate extent and illustrated with examples. There are conclusions based on the results of the study ("First, the Russian Government should be instructed, after consultations with the country's Public Chamber, to develop and implement training programs for specialists, bachelors, and masters in the field of public control (at the expense of public budgets) in higher and secondary specialized educational institutions. ... First of all, according to the legislation on public control, public authorities take part in the process of creating most types of subjects of public control (as we mentioned earlier in this article). Consequently, they are also responsible for ensuring the optimal level of organization and functioning of these entities, including in terms of the appropriate level of professional competence of personnel of subjects of public control. Moreover, public authorities, when appointing members of subjects of public control, are in no way connected, for example, with the need to verify the level of professional competence and knowledge in the field of public control among candidates for members of a subject of public control. In fact, he may not have the proper knowledge, skills, and competencies. Therefore, it is necessary to create conditions for his training, retraining, and advanced training (and at the expense of the budget of the appropriate level)! Secondly, it is necessary to encourage the creation of associations and unions of subjects of public control, as well as the creation of associations and unions on the database (for example, the All-Russian Association of Subjects of Public Control) of a higher educational institution (in particular, in the form of ANO), where training and retraining of personnel for subjects of public control will be carried out. Thirdly, the Government of the country should launch additional state grant programs for subjects of public control, in which their employees (members, representatives) will be able to participate, within which the winners will be able to undergo advanced training, vocational training and retraining at the expense of the federal budget. The existing programs funded by grants from the President of the Russian Federation are of a general nature (devoted in general to the development of the institute of public control and civil society). Therefore, targeted programs aimed at improving the human resources potential of subjects of public control are required. Fourth, it is necessary to encourage private educational institutions to launch appropriate free professional training programs for representatives of subjects of public control (in exchange for various preferences from the state). As a general recommendation, we consider it necessary to create a Scientific Research Institute of Public Control on the basis of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, which will constantly monitor the positive foreign practice of developing the institute of public control (including in terms of training and retraining of qualified personnel for it). Alternatively, it is possible to create a National University at the expense of the federal budget, the main task of which will be the training of bachelors, specialists, masters, retraining of personnel for subjects of Russian civil society (at the expense of the federal budget)"), they are clear, specific, have the properties of reliability, validity and, undoubtedly, deserve the attention of the scientific community. The interest of the readership in the article submitted for review can be shown primarily by specialists in the field of constitutional law, provided that it is slightly improved: the elimination of violations in the design of the work.

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A REVIEW of an article on the topic "On the prospects of using foreign experience in training personnel for civil society entities in Russia: organizational and financial features". The subject of the study. The article proposed for review is devoted to topical issues of using foreign experience in training personnel for civil society entities in Russia. The article itself states that "The object of the study is public relations related to the training and retraining of professional personnel for subjects of civil society abroad, as well as for subjects of public control in the Russian Federation. In turn, the subject of the study is the norms of domestic and foreign legislation regulating both the organization and functioning of civil society control over the apparatus of public authority and other objects exercising certain public powers, as well as the issues of training and retraining of professional personnel for subjects of civil society abroad, as well as for subjects of public control in the Russian Federation Federation". Research methodology. The purpose of the study is stated directly in the article. The author of the reviewed article notes that he is conducting a study "the purpose of which is to develop a system of measures to optimize the training and advanced training processes for both members of Russian subjects of public control and employees of state and municipal institutions that ensure their functioning (based on positive foreign experience in training personnel for civil society entities)." Based on the set goals and objectives, the author has chosen a methodological basis for the study. It is noted that "In the course of writing this scientific article, a number of general and particular scientific research methods were used, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The empirical basis of the study was, in particular, the norms of the current legislation on public control, materials of judicial practice, materials related to the practical activities of subjects of public control." The most important role was played by special legal methods. In particular, the author actively applied the formal legal method, which made it possible to analyze and interpret the norms of current legislation. For example, the following conclusion of the author: "The Institute of Public Control in the Russian Federation, despite the fact that it was formalized in federal legislation relatively recently, has managed to establish itself, as we noted in previous studies, [2, pp. 127-130] as a key, and most importantly – the most effective, institution of civil society, acting as the most important a legal guarantee of both the system of constitutional principles and the entire system of rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities. The basis of the organization and activity of any subject of public control in Russia is its human resources, among which several categories of individuals should be identified who both participate in the preparation and conduct of public control events and generally ensure the activities of the above-mentioned subjects of public control." It is necessary to positively assess the possibilities of the comparative legal research method, which made it possible to compare Russian and foreign legislation in the field under study. In particular, the following conclusion should be noted: "the implementation of centralized training for civil society actors at the expense of the state in educational institutions, both by financing places in these educational institutions from public budgets, and by allocating grants (on a competitive or unconditional basis) from public budgets to students representing civil society entities. For example, this practice is widespread in certain US states that finance various training programs for civil society actors at the expense of states (this is actively used by states led by representatives of the US Democratic Party, for example, in New York State)." Thus, the methodology chosen by the author is fully adequate to the purpose of the study, allows you to study all aspects of the topic in its entirety. Relevance. The relevance of the stated issues is beyond doubt. There are both theoretical and practical aspects of the significance of the proposed topic. From the point of view of theory, the topic of using foreign experience in training personnel for civil society actors in Russia is complex and ambiguous. It is difficult to argue with the author that "the proportion of studies devoted to the adaptation and implementation of this experience in the Russian practice of organizing and functioning of the institute of public control remains not high. This is especially true of the experience of training and retraining professional staff for this institution of civil society. This circumstance determines the choice of the topic of this scientific research, the purpose of which is to develop a system of measures to optimize the processes of training and advanced training of both members of Russian subjects of public control and employees of state and municipal institutions that ensure their functioning (based on positive foreign experience in training personnel for civil society entities)." Thus, scientific research in the proposed field should only be welcomed. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the proposed article is beyond doubt. Firstly, it is expressed in the author's specific conclusions. Among them, for example, is the following conclusion: "The Government of the country should launch additional state grant programs for subjects of public control, in which their employees (members, representatives) will be able to participate, within which the winners will be able to undergo advanced training, vocational training and retraining at the expense of the federal budget. The existing programs funded by grants from the President of the Russian Federation are of a general nature (devoted in general to the development of the institute of public control and civil society). Therefore, targeted programs aimed at improving the human resources potential of subjects of public control are required." These and other theoretical conclusions can be used in further scientific research. Secondly, the author suggests ideas for improving the current legislation. The above conclusions may be relevant and useful for law-making activities. Thus, the materials of the article may be of particular interest to the scientific community in terms of contributing to the development of science. Style, structure, content. The subject of the article corresponds to the specialization of the journal "Police and Investigative Activities", as it is devoted to legal problems related to the formation of civil society in Russia. The content of the article fully corresponds to the title, as the author has considered the stated problems, and has generally achieved the purpose of the study. The quality of the presentation of the study and its results should be recognized as fully positive. The subject, objectives, methodology and main results of the study follow directly from the text of the article. The design of the work generally meets the requirements for this kind of work. No significant violations of these requirements were found. Bibliography. The quality of the literature used should be highly appreciated. The author actively uses the literature presented by authors from Russia (Goncharov V. V., Cheshin A.V., Grishchenko O. V., Litvinova V. Yu., Petrenko E. G. and others). Thus, the works of the above authors correspond to the research topic, have a sign of sufficiency, and contribute to the disclosure of various aspects of the topic. Appeal to opponents. The author conducted a serious analysis of the current state of the problem under study. All quotes from scientists are accompanied by author's comments. That is, the author shows different points of view on the problem and tries to argue for a more correct one in his opinion.
Conclusions, the interest of the readership. The conclusions are fully logical, as they are obtained using a generally accepted methodology. The article may be of interest to the readership in terms of the systematic positions of the author in relation to the issues stated in the article. Based on the above, summing up all the positive and negative sides of the article, "I recommend publishing"