Translate this page:
Please select your language to translate the article


You can just close the window to don't translate
Library
Your profile

Back to contents

Police activity
Reference:

On the Question of the Expediency of Creating a Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Koynov Maxim Yurevich

Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Order Protection of Tyumen Institute for Internal Affairs Officers Professional Training

625049, Russia, Tyumen region, Tyumen, Amurskaya str., 75

koynovmax@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 

DOI:

10.7256/2454-0692.2023.1.38865

EDN:

EQSAZP

Received:

01-10-2022


Published:

06-02-2023


Abstract: The article deals with the issues of improving the use of patrol squads of the combatant units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Rosgvardiya serving to ensure law and order on the streets and other public places. The object of the study is the legal relations that develop in the field of organizing the protection of public order, in the process of implementing their functions by the subjects of law enforcement on the streets and other public places. The subject of the study is the organizational and legal norms of the use of combatant units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in ensuring law and order on the streets and other public places. The purpose of the research is the question of the feasibility of creating a Unified patrol service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the conditions and reasons for the need to reform the management structure of patrol squads in modern conditions. In the course of the study, a causal relationship is established between the controls of mobile outfits, the legal foundations of patrol service, the tactical and technical side of ensuring patrol service. Organizational problems in the activities of combatant units carrying patrol service are highlighted and ways to solve them are proposed by creating a universal unit of the Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The main conclusions of this study are the provisions necessary for the formation of a new patrol service, consisting in the requirements for the main elements of patrol squad management, logistics, legal basis and competency recruitment.


Keywords:

patrol service, road patrol service, Organization of police outfits, Technical support for the police, police, Law enforcement agencies, law and order, public place, Protection of public order, The duty part of the police

This article is automatically translated.

IntroductionThe need to ensure security is the basis of the vital activity of any community, because without proper protection of their rights and interests, stable development of the state cannot take place.

 

Particular attention is paid to ensuring law and order in the Russian Federation, so at an expanded meeting of the Board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in 2022, Head of State V. Putin noted: "Work in hot pursuit is extremely important for solving [crimes], and for the effective work of the law enforcement system as a whole" [1]. At the same time, the main burden of solving crimes in hot pursuit falls on mobile squads (patrols) capable of responding promptly to emerging threats to law and order. Therefore, the provision of public safety in general depends on how timely the detachments located on patrol routes will be able to respond to offenses.

The author of the study sets the task to consider the system of ensuring public safety from the side of the effectiveness of the use of patrol units serving on the streets and other public places. Identification of problematic issues of the functioning of the public order protection system in the process of carrying out the activities of the combatant units of the patrol and guard service of the police, the road patrol service of the police, as well as the non-departmental security of Rosgvadia. Based on the results of the study, the author suggests ways to solve the problems of law enforcement activity under consideration.

 

The main partAlready at the early stages of the emergence of statehood, representatives of the authorities were present, whose powers included monitoring compliance with established procedures.

The gradual development and complication of the state system required the development of structures that ensure the implementation of rules and laws adopted in society.

At the same time, it should be noted that regardless of the developing state structures, the main burden on ensuring public safety and protecting public order was assigned to specialized services (units) carrying out their activities in the form of patrolling the serviced territory. So, in the UK, such a service is represented by a unit of "Constables of the territorial police", in France such functions are assigned to the "National Gendarmerie", in the USA they are divided between "Federal Marshals" and "State Police", in Germany they are assigned to the law enforcement police (Schutzpolizei).

 The need to use such units is not in doubt, but there are different approaches to its functionality, structural composition, and outfit controls. Thus, in the Federal Republic of Germany, the entire completeness of law enforcement on the streets is carried out by a single service – Schutzpolizei (socr. SchuPo) is a police unit whose activities are carried out by patrolling, receiving statements from the public, monitoring roads, monitoring road safety, ensuring safety during public events [2, p.17].

 Another way of ensuring public security was adopted in the Republic of France: until 2002, these powers were distributed among several services of the National Police and the Gendarmerie of Communes. High crime rate, primarily associated with mass emigration, including from North African countries in the middle of the XX century from the former colonies of the French Republic: Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and a number of other countries caused public concern. The current situation required new approaches to law enforcement. In this connection, the President of France presented projects for the unification of the police and gendarmerie within one structure and the elimination of dualism of the entire police system. The natural result of such processes was the adoption of The Decree of May 15, 2002, according to which the gendarmerie of communes came under Federal control, and, in accordance with the Law of August 3, 2009 "On the National Gendarmerie", its units merged with the National Police [3].

The Russian Federation has its own system of ensuring public safety and protecting public order on the streets and other public places – its basis is the activity of the combatant units of the patrol and patrol service of the police and the road patrol service of the police. At the same time, units of district commissioners, as well as combatant units of non-departmental security of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, partially have such functions. This structure is due to the legacy of the law enforcement system of the Soviet period, when separate services were separated from the general system of law enforcement agencies of the "Public Security Militia" at various periods. September 2, 1923 is considered to be the day of the formation of the patrol and post service, since on this day the order of the Central Administrative Department of the NKVD of the RSFSR No. 4 approved the "Instruction to the post policeman", which regulated the duties and rights of the post policemen [4, p. 23]. In 1936, the State Traffic Inspectorate appeared, approved by resolution No. 1182 "Regulations on the State Automobile inspections of the Main Directorate of the Workers' and Peasants' Militia of the NKVD of the USSR". At the same time, a traffic control unit (ORUD) was formed in the staff of the new service, later a division of the police road patrol service appeared on its basis. Similarly, guard detachments were separated from the police departments in the service area, which in 1966 were transformed into Non-departmental security units under the police, the legal status of which was fixed by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 02/18/1966 No. 129 "On approval of the Model Regulations on non-departmental security under the police" [5, p.131]. The adoption in 1974 of the Charter of the patrol and post service of the Soviet militia, approved by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 200[6], served as a necessary impetus in the development of public order protection by forming separate combatant units of the patrol and post service of the police.

The separation of units carrying patrol duty allowed to specialize the activities of combatant units, which had a positive effect during the development of the law enforcement system. This made it possible to concentrate the available forces and means of law and order on the most significant areas of ensuring public safety. So, for the "State Automobile Inspection", the priority direction is traffic safety, and for the units of "Private security" – the protection of property of citizens and the state, for the patrol service - law enforcement in public places.

At the same time, it should be noted that there is a discrepancy in the legal foundations of the activities of the units: each service is guided by its own Instruction. So, the patrol and post service of the police is guided by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated June 28, 2021 No. 495 "On approval of the Instruction on the organization of the activities of the patrol and post service units of the police of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" [7] (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction of the Police), and the traffic police service is guided by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 3, 2021 G. No. 840dsp "Instruction on the organization of the activities of the traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation" [8] (hereinafter – the Instruction of the traffic Police). In the process of repealing the old and adopting new legal acts regulating the activities of units that ensure the protection of public order, there was also a divergence of powers, as well as tactical grounds for service. So, if in the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 17 of 1993 (the Charter of the CPSM) in paragraph 148 there was a procedural norm "External inspection", then in the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of 2008 No. 80 (the Charter of the CPSP) in paragraph 266 this norm is called "External inspection", while already the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of 2021 year No. 495 Instruction PPSP, this procedural norm is missing and replaced by the provision of paragraph 170 "precautions during delivery". In turn, according to the Instruction of the traffic Police, the above terminology is missing initially, which, in turn, leads to legal contradictions in the implementation of procedural activities in different departments.

It is worth noting that during the delimitation of powers, there was a duplication of the function of ensuring law and order among individual combatant units and the complication of operational management of the outfits serving in the service area. The system of operational management of patrol squads, divided between the duty units of territorial bodies and the duty units of combatant units, has been aggravated by the urbanization of territories and the ever-increasing population density. At the same time, the emergence of new elements of operational management of outfits, in connection with the introduction of information technologies and attempts to find a balance in the interaction of services that ensure public safety, leads to certain difficulties.

So, when implementing the hardware and software complex "Safe City" (hereinafter referred to as the APK "Safe City"), there was a difficulty in establishing priority when sending information from services with the authority of operational management of patrol units. Using the example of the Tyumen Region, in 2011, police patrol squads were simultaneously under the operational subordination of the duty unit of the "Safe City" on the basis of the duty unit of the city of Tyumen, as well as the duty units of police departments by territoriality (hereinafter referred to as the D/H OP), depending on the administrative district, and groups of management units of combatant units (hereinafter referred to as – GUN), patrol and post service of the police (hereinafter referred to as PPSP) or the road patrol service of the police (hereinafter referred to as DPS), while patrol squads of the Non-Departmental Security of the Troops of the National Guard of Russia (hereinafter referred to as OVO VNG) are simultaneously under the operational subordination of both the duty units of police departments and the duty units of centralized control panels security guards (hereinafter referred to as PCO VNG) and duty units of the VNG of Russia. Such diversity in the system of subordination of the units carrying patrol duty to different duty units significantly reduces the prompt response to incoming information.

It should be noted that the disunity in the management system of the patrol units is manifested not only in operational activities, but also in technical ones. Thus, different communication channels are used to manage the outfits of different combatant units (PPSP, DPS, PSB VNG) located on patrol routes, and the level of access of these units to integrated databases also differs.

For example, let's consider the situation: a citizen Ivanova addressed the police patrol officers serving in the area of the city N, who explained that about 15 minutes ago, young people took her phone away from her. According to the algorithm of actions for the PPSP orders for the disclosure of crimes, the citizen received information about the time, place and signs of suspects in the crime and transferred to the D / H OP (via radio), and then to the GUN of the combatant unit. It takes 5-10 minutes for these events, after which the outfit started hot pursuit, D/ H OP needs time to process information and transfer it to other outfits, first the information is broadcast to the communication channel of the PSP, then to the DPS communication channel, and only then it is transmitted to the PSC VNG to inform the PSB VNG, in In turn, the VNG PCO broadcasts information through its communication channels. It follows from this that there is multiple duplication of the transmitted information through different communication channels, subject to the necessary processing before transmitting the information and the time for broadcasting is about 2-4 minutes, we get that the outfits informed by the latter receive it with a delay of 8-16 minutes. This time is quite enough for the likely criminals to escape.

It should be noted that the leadership of combatant units is taking measures to eliminate the above shortcomings, in particular, equipping vehicles with several radio stations simultaneously operating on different communication channels, and additional staff units are being introduced in the D/ H OP and GUN of combatant units, allowing simultaneous broadcasting of information on different communication channels. So, during the period from 2010 to 2016, in the duty station of the agro-industrial complex "Safe City" in the city of Tyumen, in addition to the regular duty officer, there were representatives of the combatant units of the CPSP, traffic police, PSB. At the same time, it is worth noting that the representatives of the PSB were stationed in the same place where they were during the stay of this combat unit in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia before being reorganized in the VNG of Russia.

These decisions have brought some benefits, but they should be recognized as temporary.

Firstly, they do not solve the problems of disunity in the management of patrol squads, but only smooth out individual sides (informing through different communication channels, interaction between services, etc.).

Secondly, they require additional expenditure of forces and means, the introduction of additional standard units in the D / H OP and GUN of combatant units, the installation of several radio stations, both on the vehicles of combatant units and in the D / H OP and GUN, which is an overspending of available forces and means, and sometimes the misuse of them.

Thirdly, they do not eliminate the problems of duplication of powers of the outfit management system and priorities for the execution of assigned tasks.

 For example, the patrol along the traffic police simultaneously received information through different channels from the traffic police Department about a traffic accident (hereinafter referred to as an accident) at the nearest transport interchange, and information from the D/H OP of the territorial authority about a robbery committed in the opposite direction from the accident site. During the time spent by the patrol unit to establish the priority of tasks, which will depend on many factors (the severity of the crime, the ability of other units to respond, the distance to the places of incidents, the presence of victims in an accident, etc.), the responsiveness to the call will be lost.

All the identified problems must be solved by comprehensively covering the scope of reorganization of law enforcement activities in public places.

The solution of these problems is possible by combining the combatant units involved in the protection of public order into one combatant unit, the "Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia", as well as by centralizing the patrol squad management system through delegating all powers to a single decision-making center. In our understanding, the creation of such a center on the basis of the agro-industrial complex "Safe City" is ideal.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that at present the unification of combatant units carrying out patrol activities to ensure law and order will require a global review of the entire component of the organization of public order protection and public safety.

In order to clarify the essence of the patrol service, the most complete concept, according to the author of the study, is given by the Russian scientist B.F. Shchvetsov.: "Patrol and post service in the internal affairs bodies is usually understood in two meanings: as a system of apparatuses and divisions that are specially created to maintain public order and ensure public safety on the streets and in other public places of cities and other settlements, and as a type of activity to ensure public order and public safety" [9].

It should be noted that the expediency of such transformations is reflected in the scientific works of other scientists. Thus, V.V. Golovko and M.V. Sergeev conducted a sociological study on this issue as part of their work. According to the data obtained, 39% of respondents positively assessed the possible results of combining the forces and means of the district police officers, the road patrol service, the patrol guard service and non-departmental security into one unit, 79% of whom noted that this would contribute to better interaction; 32% of respondents rated the results of a possible association negatively, the largest percentage of negative responses (63%) were given by a survey of employees of the road patrol service (for example, PPS - 45%, PSB – 26%) [10, p.38].

E.A. Fedyaev justifies the need for the unification of the patrol and patrol service and the road patrol service in his works, he analyzes experiments on the unification of outdoor police outfits serving in St. Petersburg, conducted in 2010-2012, showing a positive trend in the detection of crimes in hot pursuit by combined police outfits [11, p.142]. At the same time, it should be noted that in his works E.A.Fedyaev bypasses the principles of the joint service, considering only its structural structure, which in the opinion of the author of the study does not allow to reveal the essence of the proposed transformations.

 The activity of the "Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" should be based on the principle of universality of patrol units serving in the serviced territory. In this context, it is necessary to reveal what the principle of universality as a whole is. In the scientific community, according to Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary, the following definition of universality is accepted: "versatile, covering many things, suitable for many things, with various functions" [12]. Therefore, the principle of universality of patrol activity is the ability to perform assigned tasks based on the versatility and high competence of the patrol outfit.

The uniform of the unified patrol service should be a mobile mobile group designed to protect public order and ensure public safety in the serviced territory. With the ability to promptly respond to reports and statements about crimes and other offenses, to take urgent measures to detain persons who committed crimes in hot pursuit. The main component of the use of forces and means in the unified patrol service should be formed on the principle of mobility and serve on a universal vehicle (autopatrol of the Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), as the most effective type of patrol.

The personnel of the unified patrol service should be formed on the principle of a competency-based approach to the selection of employees and the possibility of retraining and advanced training of existing employees of the combatant units of the patrol and patrol service of the police and the road patrol service of the police. Retraining and advanced training must strictly comply with the requirements for the quality of training of police officers, which requires the most effective level of training that can be achieved using the "SQUARE" training ground in the training process. The elements of the use and the technique of training police patrol officers are disclosed in the work of M.Yu. Koinov [13, p.8].

 

ConclusionSumming up a certain result of the study, it is possible to highlight the following provisions:

Firstly, the patrol service is characterized as a complex organizational, legal, tactical phenomenon, which is a combination of tactical elements (management of outfits, patrol service, organization of interaction between outfits, provision of the technical component of service, etc.), an integral part of legal, organizational, tactical and other measures to ensure the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens in the field of law enforcement, the main task of which is to ensure public order and public safety in the service area by patrol squads.

Secondly, the system of universality of the activities of combatant police units is a general trend observed in the modern world. The changes taking place in modern society define new features of organizational activity, among which the principle of universality is an important characteristic. The universality of organizational activity, as its qualitative certainty, was declared at the World Conference on Personnel Management and Higher Education, held by UNESCO in 2009. The ability to perform more functions simultaneously with a single outfit allows you to significantly optimize any type of activity, including such an activity as patrol duty.

A balanced approach to the universality of the patrol service will both reduce the costs of its maintenance and increase the level of professionalism of personnel in the new Unified Patrol Service.

Thirdly, the definition of a single competence (authority)  patrol squads will allow you to establish the basic requirements expected for a potential patrol officer, to determine a unified procedure for training and training of employees of a Unified patrol Service. In addition, it will eliminate the problem of duplication or lack of authority when serving patrol squads. It will allow the formation of qualified employees without the dispersion of forces and funds for the training of various categories of police officers.

Fourth, restoring order in the squad management system and bringing them to a unified system subordinating patrol squads only to the duty units of the territorial bodies of the Internal Affairs of Russia, basing their activities on the principle of centralization of management. The basis of the system should be the agro-industrial complex "Safe City", (the exclusion of the GUN from the squad management system and the assignment of only security functions to them), which will create a single vertical of squad management of the Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Fifthly, the unification of combatant units carrying patrol duty will allow to release patrol squads from performing functions that are not typical of them or to eliminate duplication of functions in the performance of their official duties.

Sixth, the creation of a unified material and technical base and centralization of funding will reduce the cost of providing patrol service and will lead to the possibility of additional improvement of the technical organization of the patrol service.

Seventh, the transformation of combatant units should lead to the improvement of legislation by universalizing and systematizing the norms of law governing the activities of the police to protect public order.

Eighth, the further improvement of the patrol service is directly dependent on legal, logistical, information and other support, competent selection of patrol service personnel, the creation of a centralized management system of patrol squads, which, in turn, should lead to an increase in the effectiveness of law enforcement and increase the authority of the patrol service.

It should be noted that the proposed initiatives should be carried out consistently and gradually. It is advisable to work out the possibility of such changes on pilot projects implemented in small settlements with certain characteristics. Such as the population in the range of 50-100 thousand people, the presence of socially significant facilities, a developed transport infrastructure and a management system for the police patrol and patrol service of the police and the road patrol service of the police.

The introduction of a system of unified centralized management of patrol units, as well as the ability of patrol units control centers to make independent decisions on the maneuver of forces and means of the "Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia", will allow in practice to identify the necessary solutions to improve the system of public safety on the street and other public places.

The proposed transformations will eliminate duplication of the presence of detachments on the same route at the same time, increase the density of the use of patrols in the service area, eliminate cases of refusals to help due to lack of appropriate competence, increase the level of public confidence in the police; create organizational prerequisites for improving legislation by universalizing and systematizing the norms of law governing the activities of the police for the protection of public order.

Such a solution will be able to bring the management system of police patrol squads to a high level of mobility, which corresponds to modern trends in the development of the law enforcement system in the world.

References
1. Speech of the President of Russia at the Expanded Board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated February 17, 2022 // Official website of the President of the Russian Federation. URL: http: www.kremlin.ru
2. Antropov R.V. The profession of "policeman" in Germany: modern realities // Materials of the VII All-Russian scientific and practical conference "Actual problems of state and legal development of Russia": – Chita : ZabGU, 2021. pp. 13-19.
3. LOI No. 2009-971 du 3 2009 "relative la gendarmerie nationale" / Law of August 3, 2009 "on the National Gendarmerie". URL: htth://www.legifrance.gouv.fr.
4. Nebratenko G.G. The Revival of the Russian police: history and modern perspectives // History of the state and law. No. 9. 2011. pp.22-25.
5. Sergeev S.V. The concept of patrol and post police service: history and modernity // Legal science and law enforcement practice. 2018. No. 1 (43). pp. 129-135.
6. The Charter of the patrol and post service of the Soviet militia: Approved by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR dated July 20, 1974 No. 200/ Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.-M.: Voenizdat, 1974. – 262 p.
7. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated June 28, 2021 No. 495 "On approval of the Manual on the organization of the activities of the units of the patrol and guard service of the police of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" (as amended on March 15, 2022)-[Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/607871502 (Date of access: 09/30/2022).
8. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 3, 2021 No. 840dsp "Instruction on the organization of the activities of the traffic Police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation" // The document was not published.
9. Shevtsov B.F. Organization of the activities of the patrol and post police service to ensure public order and public safety on the streets and in other public places: textbook.-M.: Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2016. – 96 p.
10. Golovko V.V. Sergeev S.V. Administrative reform in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: problems and prospects // Altai Legal Bulletin: – Barnaul: BUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. 2019. No. 1 (25). pp. 35-38.
11. Fedyaev E.A. On the issue of combining patrol and patrol police and the road patrol police service // Collection of abstracts of the All-Russian (with international participation) scientific conference "Problems of improving Russian legislation":-Barnaul: BUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2019. From 142-144.
12. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language [Text] : 72500 words and 7500 phraseological expressions / S. I. Ozhegov, N. Y. Shvedova ; Russian Academy of Sciences, In-t rus. yaz., Russian Cultural Foundation.-2nd ed., ispr. and add.-Moscow : Az, 1994.-907 p.
13. Koynov M.Yu. On the issue of using the educational and practical training ground "Square" in the process of training officers of the patrol and post police service // scientific and practical journal "Police activity" No. 6(38) 2021. pp. 1-9.

First Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

A REVIEW of an article on the topic "On the question of the expediency of creating a Unified patrol service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia". The subject of the study. The article proposed for review is devoted to the issues of "... the expediency of creating a Unified patrol service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia." The author has chosen a special subject of research: the proposed issues are investigated from the point of view of administrative law, while the author notes that "... the main burden of ensuring public safety and protecting public order was assigned to specialized services (units) carrying out their activities in the form of patrolling the serviced territory." The legislation of Russia and other non-governmental organizations relevant to the purpose of the study are not being studied. A certain amount of scientific literature (2 units) and a textbook on the stated problems are studied and summarized, analysis and discussion with the opposing authors are provided. At the same time, the author notes that "... the main burden of solving crimes in hot pursuit falls on mobile squads (patrols) capable of responding promptly to emerging threats to law and order." Research methodology. The purpose of the study is determined by the title and content of the work: "The Russian Federation has its own system of ensuring public safety and protecting public order on the streets and other public places – its basis is the activities of combatant units of the patrol and patrol police service and the highway patrol police service." It can be designated as the consideration and resolution of certain problematic aspects related to the above-mentioned issues and the use of certain experience. Based on the set goals and objectives, the author has chosen a certain methodological basis for the study. In particular, the author practically does not use a set of general scientific, special legal methods of cognition. The methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to generalize some approaches to the proposed topic, but they did not affect the author's conclusions. Special legal methods could play the greatest role. The author did not apply a formal legal method that would allow for the analysis and interpretation of the norms of current Russian and foreign legislation. In particular, the following general conclusions are drawn: "... in the UK, such a service is represented by a unit of "Constables of the territorial Police", in France such functions are assigned to the "National Gendarmerie", in the USA such functions are divided between "Federal Marshals" and "State Police". The need to use such units is beyond doubt, but there are different approaches to its functionality, structural composition, outfit controls, etc. At the same time, in the context of the purpose of the study, the formal legal method could be applied in conjunction with the comparative legal method, especially since the author cited some foreign data. Thus, the methodology chosen by the author is not fully adequate to the purpose of the article, it allows you to study only certain aspects of the topic. The relevance of the stated issues is beyond doubt. This topic is one of the most important both in the world and in Russia, from a legal point of view, the work proposed by the author can be considered relevant, namely, he notes that "The system of operational management of patrol units divided between the duty units of territorial bodies and the duty units of combatant units has been aggravated by the urbanization of territories and increasing population density, at the same time, the emergence of new elements of operational management of outfits in connection with the introduction of information technology and attempts to find a balance in the interaction of services ensuring public safety has encountered certain difficulties." And in fact, an analysis of the work of opponents and NPAs should follow here, but it does not follow and the author does not show the ability to master the material. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the proposed article is questionable. It is not expressed in the specific scientific conclusions of the author. Among them, for example, is this: "Such an approach will make it possible to bring the management system of police patrol units to a high level of mobility, which corresponds to modern trends in the development of the law enforcement system in the world." As can be seen, these and other "theoretical" conclusions cannot be used in further scientific research. Thus, the materials of the article as presented may not be of interest to the scientific community, but in terms of practical use, they may probably be important. Style, structure, content. The title of the article corresponds to the specialization of the journal "Police Activity", as it is devoted to the issues of "... the expediency of creating a Unified patrol service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia." But the journal "Police Activity" is devoted to the consideration of legal and organizational problems that occur in the official activities of police agencies operating in the Russian Federation and foreign countries. The journal's pages should consider the forms and methods of administrative, operational and investigative, as well as criminal procedural activities of the police of Russia and foreign countries. The article lacks an analysis of the opponents' scientific works, so the author does not note that a question close to this topic has already been raised. The author does not use their materials, does not discuss with opponents. The content of the article corresponds to the title, since the author considered the stated problems, but did not achieve the purpose of his research. The quality of the presentation of the study and its results should be recognized as not fully developed. The subject and tasks directly follow from the text of the article, but both the methodology and the results of legal research and scientific novelty are missing. The design of the work does not meet the requirements for this kind of work. Significant violations of these requirements include, in particular, the lack of analysis of modern works on the relevant topic and the almost absence of analysis of NPAs. Bibliography. The quality of the literature presented and used should not be appreciated very highly. The lack of scientific literature narrows the validity of even the author's general conclusions: "The introduction of a unified centralized management system for patrol units, as well as the ability of patrol unit control centers to make independent decisions on the maneuver of forces and means of the "Unified Patrol Service" will allow in practice to identify the necessary solutions to improve the system of reforming the patrol and post police service." The works of the above authors partially correspond to the research topic, but do not have a sign of sufficiency, do not contribute to the disclosure of many aspects of the topic. Appeal to opponents. The author has not conducted a serious analysis of the current state of the problem under study. The author describes some points of view on the problem, argues in a general way for a more correct position in his opinion, without relying on the work of opponents, and offers solutions to individual problems. Conclusions, the interest of the readership. The conclusions are general, they are obtained using a generally accepted methodology. The article in this form cannot be of interest to the readership in terms of the presence in it of the author's systematic positions in relation to the issues stated in the article, which should be typical for research. The lack of analysis of opponents' scientific papers makes it difficult for other authors to understand the formulation of these questions. Based on the above, summing up all the positive and negative sides of the article, I recommend "sending it for revision".

Second Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The subject of the study. As the title of the article "On the expediency of creating a Unified patrol service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" suggests, the subject of the study is public relations in the field of public safety and public order protection, as well as their legal regulation. In Russia, this is the competence of specialized services (units) that carry out their activities in the form of patrolling the serviced territory. The author analyzes the current legislation and suggests his own ways to improve it. Research methodology. The methodological basis of the article is based on modern methods of scientific cognition. The author pays special attention to comparative jurisprudence, believing that positive foreign experience can be applied in solving the issue of creating a Unified patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. During the writing of the article, other methods were used, both general scientific and private. The methodological apparatus consists of the following dialectical methods of scientific cognition: abstraction, induction, deduction, hypothesis, analogy, synthesis, historical, theoretical-prognostic, formal-legal, systemic-structural legal modeling, as well as the application of typology, classification, systematization and generalization. The relevance of research. The relevance of the research topic is beyond doubt. Public safety and law and order need to be constantly maintained and respected. The consciousness of citizens is insufficient to ensure them, and therefore the state is trying to implement them at the expense of its structures. The organizational and legal foundations for ensuring public safety and protecting public order at the present stage need to be improved, the author suggests his ways in this direction by creating a Unified patrol service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Scientific novelty. It cannot be said that the reviewed article is an absolutely new study on the topic of the expediency of creating a Unified patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, however, the aspect chosen by the author has elements of scientific novelty. Style, structure, content. The article should be structured (introduction, main part and conclusion). In the introduction, to substantiate the relevance, to show the purpose and methodology of the study, in the main part to present the results of the study, in conclusion, the conclusions and suggestions of the author on the problem raised by him. In general, the article is written legally competently, but it is not devoid of grammatical errors (for example, "specialized" - a letter is missing or "Such a decision can lead" - an extra comma, etc.). The article should be read carefully by the author. In general, the topic is disclosed, the content of the article corresponds to the topic stated by the author, although it needs to be finalized. Bibliography. The author should study other publications on the topic, especially pay attention to publications of recent years. In addition, it is necessary to issue a bibliographic list in accordance with the established requirements (GOST). Appeal to opponents. In some cases, the author uses the opinion of other scientists to argue his own position. In general, addressing opponents is correct. Although it would be necessary to study the opposite points of view on this topic. Conclusions, the interest of the readership. Despite the fact that the topic of the article stated by the author "On the question of the expediency of creating a Unified patrol service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" is relevant and has elements of novelty, nevertheless, the article itself needs to be finalized both in content and design. After taking into account the comments, the article can be accepted for publication in a scientific journal. The revised article may be of interest to both specialists and a wide range of readers, since the problem raised by the author is very relevant at the present stage of development of our society.

Third Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

To the article On the question of the expediency of creating a Unified patrol service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the title corresponds to the content of the article materials. The title of the article reveals the scientific problem that the author's research is aimed at solving. The reviewed article is of relative scientific interest. The author partially explained the choice of the research topic and outlined its relevance. The article incorrectly formulated the purpose of the study ("The author of the study sets the task to consider the system of ensuring public safety from the side of the effectiveness of the use of patrol units serving on the streets and other public places"), the object and subject of the study, the methods used by the author are not specified. In the reviewer's opinion, the main elements of the "program" of the study were not fully thought out by the author, which affected its results. The author did not present the results of the analysis of the historiography of the problem and did not formulate the novelty of the undertaken research, which is a significant disadvantage of the article. In presenting the material, the author selectively demonstrated the results of the analysis of the historiography of the problem in the form of links to relevant works on the research topic. There is no appeal to opponents in the article. The author did not explain the choice and did not characterize the range of sources involved in the disclosure of the topic. The author did not explain or justify the choice of the chronological framework of the study. The author did not explain or justify the choice of the geographical scope of the study. In the opinion of the reviewer, the author sought to use sources competently, maintain a scientific style of presentation, competently use methods of scientific knowledge, observe the principles of logic, systematicity and consistency of presentation of the material. As an introduction, the author pointed out the reason for choosing the research topic, indicated its relevance, unsuccessfully used the terms "law and order" and "public safety", presenting them as synonymous. In the main part of the article, the author abstractly reported that "at the early stages of the emergence of statehood, there were government representatives whose powers included monitoring compliance with established procedures," etc., that "regardless of the developing state structures, the main burden of ensuring public safety and protecting public order was assigned to specialized services (units) carrying out their activities in the form of patrolling the serviced territory," etc. The author cited as an example the "approach" to "functionality, structural composition, and control elements of outfits" used in Germany, in France, and suddenly switched to the experience of Russia, starting in 1923. The author vaguely switched to the story about the Russian Federation, saying that "the adoption in 1974 of the Charter of the patrol and guard service of the Soviet Police, approved by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 200, served as a necessary impetus for the development of public order protection by forming separate combatant units of the patrol and guard service of the police." The author stated that "the separation of units carrying patrol duty made it possible to specialize the activities of combatant units," etc. Unexpectedly, the author explained that "the divergence of the legal foundations of the units' activities is taking place: each service is guided by its own Instruction," etc., that "when dividing powers, there was a duplication of the function of ensuring law and order among individual combatant units and the complication of operational management The author further reported that "the leadership of the combatant units is taking measures to eliminate the above-mentioned shortcomings," etc., explained that the decisions already taken "they have brought some benefit" and why they "should be recognized as temporary," etc. The author stated that "the solution to these problems is possible by combining the combatant units involved in the protection of public order into one combatant unit "The Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia", as well as the centralization of the patrol squad management system through the delegation of all powers a single decision-making center" etc. At the end of the main part of the article, the author explained that "the activities of the Unified Patrol Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" should be based on the principle of universality of patrol units serving in the serviced territory," etc., that "the uniform of the unified patrol service should be a mobile mobile group designed to protect public order and ensure public safety in the serviced territory," etc. that "the personnel of the unified patrol service should be formed on the principle of a competency-based approach to the selection of employees and the possibility of retraining and advanced training of existing employees of combatant units of the patrol and patrol police service and the traffic police service," etc. The article contains minor typos, such as: "a task is being set", "Rosgvadia", "50-100", "in the order management system", "it is possible to solve these problems", etc., unsuccessful or incorrect expressions, such as: "Summing up a certain result of the study", "identify the necessary solutions" The author's conclusions are generalizing, they are not formulated quite clearly. The conclusions allow us to evaluate the scientific achievements of the author in the framework of his research in part. The conclusions reflect the results of the research conducted by the author in full. In the final paragraphs of the article, the author stated that "the patrol service is characterized as a complex organizational, legal, tactical phenomenon," etc., and that "the system of universality of the activities of combatant police units is a general trend observed in the modern world," etc., he again explained that "a balanced approach to the universality of the patrol service will allow how to reduce the costs of its maintenance, as well as to increase the level of professionalism of personnel in the new Unified Patrol Service." Then the author stated that "the definition of a single competence (authority) of patrol units will allow to establish the basic requirements assumed for a potential patrol officer," etc., pointed out the need (?) "restoring order in the squad management system and bringing them to a unified system subordination of patrol units only to duty units of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, basing their activities on the principle of centralization of management," etc. and "unification of combatant units carrying patrol service," etc., said that "the creation of a unified material and technical base and centralization of financing will reduce the costs of providing the patrol service", and that "further improvement of the patrol service is directly dependent on legal, logistical, information and other support, competent selection of personnel of the patrol service," etc. The author further explained that "the proposed initiatives should be carried out consistently and gradually," etc., that "the introduction of a unified centralized management system In practice, it will allow to identify the necessary solutions to improve the system of ensuring public safety on the street and other public places." The author summarized that the implementation of initiatives "will be able to bring the management system of police patrol units to a high level of mobility, which corresponds to modern trends in the development of the law enforcement system in the world." In the opinion of the reviewer, the potential purpose of the study has been partially achieved by the author. The publication may arouse the interest of the magazine's audience. The article needs to be finalized, first of all, in terms of formulating the key elements of the research program and their corresponding conclusions.