Abstract: In his article Suetin describes the relationship between views on reality and development of science till the moment when classical science was created. The author analyzes idea of ancient and medieval philosophers as well as philosophers and scientists of the Modern Age comparing these ideas to the vector of scientific development. The author of the article also touches upon the question about the influence of religion and church and associated lifestyle on the development of classical science. In general, science is viewed as an essential instrument for understanding the reality, however, the classical variant of scientific tendencies is gradually shifting towards pragmatism and adoption of reality to human and society. The research is based, first of all, on ancient philosophy and religious philosophy as well a shistory and philosophy of science. Taking into account constructive factors of classical science, the author of the article analyzes the reasons and consequences of the negative tendencies of science. According to the author, the main problem of classical science is the excess rationalization and ignoration of the sensual-emotional factor and reflexion. Views on the reality do not encourage science any more but rather create obstacles for scientific development. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author views science from the point of vie wof emotional and sensual reflexion. According to the author, without taking into account emotional and sensual perception of the world, science cannot perceive the reality as it is but can only provide means of pragmatic use of the reality.   

Keywords: pragmatism, rationality, society, ontology, world view, progress, history, science, reality, demarcation of science

References:
Yum D. Issledovanie o chelovecheskom razumenii / Per. S.I. Tsereteli. M.: Progress, 1995. 240 S.
Platon. Gosudarstvo. M.: Nauka, 2005. 576 s.
Geraklit Efesskiy. Vse nasledie. M.: Ad Marginem, 2012. 350 s.
Berdyaev N. Dukh i real'nost'. M.: Ast, 2006. 384 s.
Aristotel'. Fizika / Per. V. Karpov. M.: KomKniga, 2014. 230 s.
Aristotel'. O dushe / Seriya Velikie mysliteli. M.: Mir knigi, 2009. 400 s.
Aristotel'. Metafizika / Per. A.V. Kubitskiy. M.: Eksmo, 2006. 608 s.
Tatarkevich V. Istoriya filosofii. Antichnaya i srednevekovaya filosofiya. M.: Izd-vo Permskogo universiteta, 2000. 482 s.
Avgustin Blazhennyy «Ob istinnoy religii. Teologicheskiy traktat». Mn.: Kharvest, 1999. 1600 s.

Abstract: In Western culture positive knowledge is confined to making reality fit scientific conceptions about mechanism or a system as a complex combination of homo- and heterogenic elements. More than that, evolution of mechanic theories and concepts (mechanism-organism-structure-system) quite often makes researches come to the conclusion about evolution of mechanism as well. Thus, epistemological invariant includes mechanical theory (in the broad meaning of the term), energetics and evolutionism, Based on the example of trans-disciplinary sphere between psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology, neurology and philosophy (which is called ‘psychophilosophy’ by the author), the author of the article shows how this epistemological variant applies to studying human psyche.

Keywords: philosophy, evolutionism, psychophilosophy, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, organodynamism, mechanical theory, energetics, schizophrenia, structure.

References:
Garrabe Zh. Istoriya shizofrenii. M.; SPb., 2000.
Delez Zh. Logika smysla. M., 1995.
Kannabikh Yu. Istoriya psikhiatrii. M., 2002.
Kudryavtsev P.S. Kurs istorii fiziki. M., 1982.
Fuko M. Istoriya bezumiya v klassicheskuyu epokhu. SPb., 1997.
Fuko M. Psikhicheskaya bolezn' i lichnost' / Per. O.A. Vlasovoy. SPb., 2010.
Yung K., Ob energetike dushi. M., 2010.
Deleuze G., Guttari F. Capitalisme et schizophrénie 1. L’Anti-Oedipe. Paris, 1972.
Ey H. Des Idees de Jackson a un model organo-dynamique en psychiatrie. Paris: Monterrey, 1997.
Hughlings Jackson J. Evolution and dissolution of the nervous system. Croonian Lectures delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, March 1884. Lancet 1884

Abstract: German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was focused on the idea about the disruptiveness of human existence. In this life all of us have to be either a man or a woman. We do not have a chance to experience the entire, integrated experience of human existence. However, there is more to it than that. The matter is that culture is also becoming fragmentary and kaleidic. People who belong to one cultural layer have difficulty understanding those who belong to another cultural level. This particular article describes how Nietzsche interpreted Antique culture and what mistakes he made in his still genius interpretation.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, antique times, apolloism, dionyseism, culture, myth, Hellenism, pessimism, tragedy.

References:
Veresaev V.V. Zhivaya zhizn'. M., 1999.
Ivanov Vyach. Dionis i pradionisiystvo. SPb, 1994.
Nitsshe F. O pol'ze i vrede istorii dlya zhizni // Nitsshe F. Sochineniya v 2-kh tt. T. 1. M., 1990.
Nitsshe F. Rozhdenie tragedii, ili Ellinstvo i pessimizm // Nitsshe F. Soch. v 2-kh tt. T. 1. M., 1990.
Shteyner R. Antroposofiya: korni dukhovnogo poznaniya i plody zhizni // Chelovek i sotsiokul'turnaya sreda. Vyp. 2. M., 1992

Abstract: The article studies the stages of genesis and objectives laws of functioning of the structural and functional dichotomy between the cortex and subcortex of the human brain which determines the typical models of physiological and social behavior of a person, ethnos, nation at various stages of the world history of human. At the same time the author studies the evolutionary connection between genetic algorithms of psyche with environment and internal environment. Among them special place is taken by the structural and functional differentiation of the subcortex as well as interactions between harmonic immune and neuropsychic regulation of life-sustaining activity of an organism and behavior of a human.

Keywords: psychology, brain, functional asymmetry of hemispheres, cortex and subcortex, limbis system, reticular formation, microflora, labor, work, creative work, tool, machine, computer, convergence of cogitation and speech.

References:
Al'berto Ongara, Dzhanfranko Morol'da. Interv'yu s «leopardami» // Vokrug sveta. 1972. ¹ 11.
Andreev I.L. Afro-evropeyskiy intellektual Leopol'd Sengor // Chelovek. 2010. ¹ 4. S. 147-156.
Andreev I.L. Korotkie peptidy udlinyayut zhizn' // Revitalizatsiya. M.: RAEN, 2010. ¹ 6. S. 2-9.
Andreev I.L. Prozrachnoe zoloto Rossii // Voprosy filosofii. 2010. ¹ 12. S. 55-67.
Andreev I.L. Proiskhozhdenie cheloveka i obshchestva. Izdanie vtoroe, dopolnennoe i pererabotannoe. M.: Mysl', 1988, 426 s.
Andreev I.L. Taynye ritual'nye obshchestva Afriki: filosofsko-psikhologicheskie etyudy // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. Nauchno-prakticheskiy zhurnal. M.: IF RAN, 2011, ¹ 3 (mart). S. 49-68.
Andreev I.L. Chelovek i bakterial'nyy mir: problemy vzaimodeystviya // Vestnik RAN. 2009. ¹ 1. S. 41-49.
Belyaev D.K. O nekotorykh faktorakh evolyutsii gominid // Voprosy filosofii. 1981. ¹ 8. S. 71-77.
Brudnyy A.A. Semantika yazyka i psikhologiya cheloveka. Frunze, 1972.
Viner N. Kibernetika ili upra

Abstract: The author of the article believes that a creative insight represents certain qualities of a person who creates an artwork. In order to prove it the author tries to show that the means of expression themselves reflect personality of an artist who uses these means to realize his creative quest and to achieve a cognitive, artistic and spiritual insight. The author analyzes the fundamental concepts which are directly related to the study of the thinking activity, in particular, such terms as ‘information’ and ‘idea’. Based on the author, the term ‘information’ better describes the processes of the ready or ‘ frozen’ knowledge while the term ‘idea’ more adequately renders the dynamics of finding and creating something new.

Keywords: psychology, creative work, genius, creativity, idea, information, corporeity, mentality, insight.

References:
Edelman G. Consciousness: The Remembered Present // Cajal and Consciousness. Scientific Approaches to Consciousness on the Centennial of Ramon y Cajal’s Textura. Ed. By Pedro C. Marijuan. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Vol. 929. N.Y., 2001.
Guilford J.P. Creativity. Dispositions and Processes // Creativity research. International Perspective. New-Delhi, 1980.
Lumsden Ch., Gushurst A. Gene-Culture Coevolution: Humankind in the Making // Sociobiology and Epistemology. Dordrecht, 1985.
Posner M. Cognition: An Introduction. Scott. Illinois, 1973.
Agafonov A. Yu. Kognitivnaya psikhomekhanika soznaniya, ili kak soznanie neosoznanno prinimaet resheniya ob osoznanii. Samara: ID «Bakhrakh-M», 2007.
Berkin T. Ekstremal'naya dukhovnost'. Potryasayushchee puteshestvie za vnutrennie granitsy. K.: «Sofiya»; M.: ID «Sofiya», 2004.
Kapitsa P.L. O tvorcheskom neposlushanii // Nauka i zhizn'. 1987. ¹ 2.
Kapra F. Pautina zhizni. K., M., 2003.
Kurts R. Telesno-orientirovannaya ps

Abstract: Secret ritual societies of Tropical Africa are a relict of history and at the same time, an alternative to a modern state institution. The psychological mechanism of regulation of traditional relations can be autonomous and rather tolerant towards the central state institution and municipal authorities, at the best case, but it can also appear to be a mystifi ed foundation for the opposition, separatism and crime. The study of these societies allows us to specify and enrich a wide range of terms and concepts in social anthropology and philosophy of history.

Keywords: psychology, power, Africa, secret ritual societies, age brotherhoods, male and female unions, gerontocracy, totem, traditions

References:
Andreev I.L. Afrika na tsivilizatsionnom izlome // Vestnik RAN. – 1999. – ¹1.
Andreev I.L. Afrika: sotsial'no-klassovye sdvigi // Kommunist. – 1982. – ¹18.
Andreev I.L. Afrika: epos i zhizn' // Aziya i Afrika segodnya. – 1997. – ¹12.
Andreev I.L. Liki afrikanskoy tsivilizatsii: mifologiya i istoriya // Mir psikhologii. – 1998. – ¹3.
Andreev I.L. Mezhpokolencheskie otnosheniya v traditsionnom afrikanskom obshchestve // Ethnologica Afrikana.
Pamyati D.A. Ol'derogge. – M.: Muravey, 2002. – S. 252-272.
Andreev I.L. O kharaktere sotsial'nykh svyazey v epokhu perekhoda ot pervobytnoobshchinogo stroya k klasso-
vomu obshchestvu // Sovetskaya etnografiya. – 1971. – ¹2. – S. 13-24.
Andreev I.L. Obshchina i sotsial'nye protsessy v osvobozhdayushcheysya Afrike // Voprosy filosofii. – 1965.
– ¹8.
Andreev I.L. Ostorozhno s «chasami» Istorii. Metodologicheskie problemy tsivilizatsionnogo protsessa
// Voprosy filosofii. – 1998. – ¹9. – S. 38-53.
Andreev I.L. Tam, gde bessilen

Abstract: The article is based on the author’s report at the press conference held on February 16, 2010 by the society ‘Logistics and Media’, the conference being devoted to the topic ‘21st century and social status of ‘indecent disease’. The author noted the factors influencing the ‘shameful diseases’ and described the psychological type of people subject to hemorrhoid. The article also covers the psychological aspects of this disease.

Keywords: psychology, psychological type, taboo, illness, anal personality, shame, morality, psychoanalysis, sexual revolution

References:
Gurevich P.S. Prakticheskaya psikhologiya dlya vsekh: Klinicheskiy psikhoanaliz. M.: OLMA PRESS. Obrazovanie, 2007.
Gurevich P.S. Psikhoanaliz. M.: Yuniti-Dana, 2007.
Louen A. Udovol'stvie. Tvorcheskiy podkhod k zhizni. M., 2008.
Solov'ev V.S. Sochineniya v 2 tomakh. M., 1988.
Epshteyn M. Poeziya khozyaystva // Nezavisimaya gazeta. — 26 iyunya 1992 g.

Abstract: This is the critical review of various conceptions devoted to the phenomenology of Narcissistic personality. The author also gave her own variant of interpretation of the myth about Narcissus as well as described the alternative theory of atomism, mechanicalism and essentialism. In addition, the article contains an expert review of modern interpretations of the term ‘narcissistic personality’.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, narcissism, myth, mythology, narcissistic personality, libido, eroticism

References:

Abstract: Review: the presented work is a reviewing translation of an article by David Smillie ‘Sociobiology and Human Culture’, professor at New College of the University of South Florida. Smillie’s article can be of great interest to a professional reader since it contains a very useful idea allowing to take a new look at origination of some adaptive cognitive abilities in phylogenesis. For instance, comments of the translator show how that idea could be used in interpreting the logic of language formation.

Key words: philosophy, culture, language, information, evolution, phylogenesis, ontogenesis, origin, adaptation, species

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Abstract: The concept of simulacrum (derived from a Lain word simulacrum meaning image, resemblance, vision) is now considered to be of the “olden times”. It goes back to the ancient world at the very least. Simulacrum is an ideal model which becomes overgrown with all kinds of imitations. Sometimes the imitation resembles the original but more often it is no more similar and from that moment on we have to compare the model and a new item.

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