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Danilovskaia A.V.. Unfair competition: the current state of criminalization // Law and Politics. – 2024. – № 4. – P. 1-23.
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Abstract: The subject of the study is the state of criminalization of unfair competition in the Russian Federation. The article examines the relationship of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", which contains prohibitions on manifestations of unfair competition; the elements of crimes provided for in art. 128.1, 146, 147, 180, 183, 185.3 and 185.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, when analyzing objective and subjective signs of which elements of certain forms of unfair competition are seen, as well as law enforcement in the designated area; static data reflecting the current situation of identifying facts of unfair competition in the activities of the antimonopoly authority, law enforcement agencies, as well as aspects of interaction between the antimonopoly authority and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the field of countering market manipulation and the misuse of insider information as separate manifestations of unfair competition. The methodology of the research is based on the provisions of the doctrine of materialistic dialectics, as well as a systematic approach, in particular, general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition were used – methods of system analysis, logical, comparative, formal dogmatic method, method of legal forecasting and classification. The novelty lies in establishing the fact of the correlation of crimes provided for in art.128.1, 146, 147, 180, 183, 185.3 and 185.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, with the prohibitions of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition" based on the analysis of objective and subjective signs of the listed crimes, as well as the practice of sentencing in this area, in substantiating the possibility of using articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation to combat manifestations of unfair competition, but also to improve criminal law norms in order to unify their content with the prohibitions of a special law.
The conclusions are that the above analysis of the signs of the elements of crimes provided for in art. 128.1, 146, 147, 180, 183, 185.3 and 185.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, indicates a certain degree of their compatibility with the prohibitions of forms of unfair competition contained in the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", although they need to be improved. Appropriate legislative changes are advisable due to the public danger of unfair competition, the level of which may be no less than that of cartels recognized as a threat to the country's economy.
Keywords: Corpus delicti, criminal liability, disclosure of trade secrets, intellectual property objects, antimonopoly authority, unfair competition, criminalization, competition protection, market manipulation, discredit
References:
Danilovskaya A. V. (2021). Economic justification for criminal law policy in the field of competition protection // Lex Russica, 2, 93-107.
Adinyaev S. I. (2019). On the issue of the object of unlawful use of insider information and market manipulation // Russian Justice, 4, 23-25.
Danilovskaya A. V. (2023). The direct object of the crimes provided for in Art. 1853 and 1856 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as anti-competitive crimes // XIII Dagelev Readings. Criminal law: from Russian Pravda to the present day: materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Vladivostok, December 17, 2022 / Far Eastern Federal University; scientific editor A.I. Korobeev. – Vladivostok: Dalnevost Publishing House. federal Univ., 51-53.
Klepitsky I. A. (2022). New economic criminal law: monograph. M.: Prospekt.
Danilovskaya A. V. (2023). Procedural and organizational aspects of criminal law policy in the field of protection of fair competition //
Reference:
Danilovskaia A.V.. Intersectoral differentiation of responsibility for the commission of acts infringing on fair competition // Law and Politics. – 2024. – № 3. – P. 69-78.
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Abstract: The subject of the study is the issues of intersectoral differentiation of responsibility for encroachments on fair competition (hereinafter also anti–competitive crimes). The article identifies socially dangerous acts that formed a group of anticompetitive crimes and administrative offenses in this area; identifies aspects of the correlation of civil liability with criminal and administrative liability; analyzes the correlation of criminal law norms with administrative in relation to the grounds of responsibility for encroachments on fair competition, sanctions for their commission, rules of exemption from liability. The purpose of the work is to assess the current state, identify problems of intersectoral differentiation of responsibility for encroachments on fair competition, as well as to identify ways to solve them in the light of the adoption of a number of official documents of a strategic nature defining violations of antimonopoly legislation as a threat to economic security and the need to counter them. The research methodology is based on general scientific and private scientific methods, in particular, methods of system analysis, logical, comparative, formal dogmatic methods, the method of legal forecasting and classification. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the correlation of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the Code of Administrative Offenses in order to establish the correspondence of the description of the compositions of anticompetitive crimes to the compositions of administrative offenses encroaching on fair competition and related compositions; determining the importance of civil liability in intersectoral differentiation; in assessing the state of the sanctions mechanism used for crimes and administrative offenses against fair competition, as well as diversified rules of exemption from liability for their commission; in the conclusions of the study of the intersectoral differentiation of responsibility for encroachments on fair competition.
The conclusions concern the criminal law policy in the field of fair competition protection, as well as other related areas of government activity, it is necessary to eliminate the identified contradictions in the intersectorial differentiation of responsibility for violation of antimonopoly legislation.
Keywords: leniency program, anti-competition agreements, violations at auction, criminal liability, anti-competitive crimes, restriction of competition, cartel, unfair competition, intersectoral differentiation of responsibility, competition protection
References:
Danilovskaia, A. V. (2021). Economic justification of criminal law policy in the field of competition protection. Lex Russica, 2, 93-107. doi:10.17803/1729-5920.2021.171.2.093-107
Lopashenko, N. A. (2020). Reflections on criminal law. Principles of criminal law. Criminal law. Crime, misdemeanor and corpus delicti. Author's course: monograph. Moscow: Yurlitinform.
Kruglikov, L. L. (2017). Differentiation of criminal liability: relationship with related concepts. Legal paradigm, 3, 8-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2017.3.1
Bashlakov-Nikolaev, I. V. (2014). Responsibility of authorities and their officials in the field of competition protection: monograph. Moscow: Statute.
Kruglikov, L. L. (2006). Inter-industry differentiation of responsibility for economic crimes and some issues of legislative technology. Materials of the International scientific and practical Internet conference «Inter-industry differentia
Reference:
Safonov V.N., Agayev G.A.. Some problems of qualification of violent acts of a sexual nature according to the objective side of the crime // Law and Politics. – 2024. – № 1. – P. 37-47. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2024.1.69497.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2024.1.69497
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Abstract: The subject of the study is the criminal law norms regulating legal relations in the field of sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the individual (the article 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
The object of the study was the legal relations arising in connection with violent sexual crimes and legal relations related to causing harm to health or death to a person. The authors consider in the most detail the signs of the objective side of sexual violence. The interpretation of violent acts of a sexual nature is suggested, which make it possible to assess their real social danger.
The purpose of the study was to identify the doctrinal, law enforcement and legislative problems of the mentioned norm and proposals for their resolution.
When writing the article, general, general scientific, private scientific and special research methods were used.
The scientific novelty is substantiation of the fact that due to the legal and technical features of the legislative consolidation of the objective side of the composition of violent acts of a sexual nature, the importance of doctrinal and law enforcement interpretation of the signs of the objective side of sexual crimes, in particular, other violent acts of a sexual nature, increases. The conclusion is substantiated that ignoring the significance of the signs of the objective side of the crime leads to qualification errors. Recommendations for the legislative reconstruction of Article 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are proposed. It is argued that while maintaining the legislative prerequisites for an ambiguous interpretation of other sexual acts, the law enforcement officer should take into account the actual and axiological content of the latter, which will allow them to assess their real social danger.
Keywords: broad interpretation, axiological approach, sexual freedom, sexual inviolability, other acts, lesbianism, violent acts, sodomy, qualification of crimes, the objective side of the crime
References:
Bimbinov, A.A. (2019). Non-Violent Sexual Crimes: Monograph. Moscow.
Brinin, Y.M. (1963). Criminal Responsibility and its Grounds in Soviet Criminal Law. Moscow: Gosyuzdat.
Drobot, S.A. (2023). Act as a Sign of Violent Acts of Sexual Nature (Article 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Young scientist, 16(463), 174-180.
Barysheva, K.A., Gracheva, Yu.V., Dolotov, R.O. et al. Comment to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Article by Article) (2022). [Ed. by Esakov, G.A.] 9th edition, revised and additional. Moscow: Prospect.
Kondrashova, T.V. (2020). Indecent and Other Sexual Acts: Concept and Relationship. Russian Law Journal, 1.  
Tydykova, N.V. (2018). On Incorrect Use of Medical Terms When Constructing Sexual Crimes in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Juridical linguistics, 7-8, 56-63.
Khromov, E.V. (2021). Boundaries of Other Sexual Acts. Legality, 1, 40-44.
Cheburenkov, A.A. (2021). Featu
Reference:
Danilovskaia A.V.. Criminalization as an element of criminal law policy in the field of fair competition protection // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 12. – P. 67-85. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.12.69454.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.12.69454
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Abstract: The object of the study is the criminal law policy in the field of protection of fair competition, namely the criminalization of violations of antimonopoly legislation as its element.
The subject of the study is normative legal acts providing for the protection of fair competition, legal acts justifying the priority directions of modern criminal law policy in the field of competition protection, principles of criminalization, statistical data of the antimonopoly authority and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, as well as scientific research, including dissertations, scientific publications on criminal law policy in general, issues criminalization, general theoretical criminal law phenomena, criminal liability for certain types of crimes. The purpose of the work is to study the criminalization of violations of antimonopoly legislation, taking into account the principles of criminalization developed in science in order to justify the introduction of a criminal law ban on their commission. The research methodology is based on general scientific and private scientific methods: system analysis, logical, comparative, formal dogmatic, historical methods, classification method. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of the set of criminalization principles made it possible to establish the validity of criminalization of anticompetitive acts, on the basis of an economic approach, to conclude about the ratio of public danger of types of anticompetitive acts, potentially identical risks that they carry for the economic security of the country; by analyzing the practice of applying criminal law norms in the activities of law enforcement agencies, it was possible to identify the problems of law-making and law enforcement, which had not previously been carried out in the science of criminal law.
The findings can be especially useful in legislative, scientific and educational activities.
The result of the work is a conclusion about the validity of criminalization of anti–competitive acts, the need to improve the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the prohibitions of a special law - the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition". At the same time, it was concluded that there are problems both in lawmaking and in law enforcement, which requires changing the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in order to increase the effectiveness of countering anti-competitive crimes.
Keywords: protection of competition, violations at auction, criminal liability, principles of criminalization, crime against competition, unfair competition, cartel, criminalization, anti-competition agreements, criminal law policy
References:
Danilovskaia, A.V. (2023). Theoretical foundations of Russian criminal law policy in the field of protection of fair competition. Moscow: Yurlitinform.
Korobeev, A.I. (2019). Criminal legal policy of Russia: from genesis to crisis. Moscow: Yurlitinform.
Dagel, P. S., Zlobin, G. A., Kelina, S. G., & Krieger, G. L. (1982). Grounds for criminal law prohibition (criminalization and decriminalization). Kudryavtsev, V.N., Yakovlev, A.M. (Eds). Moscow.
Prozumentov, L.M. (2014). The basis for the criminalization (decriminalization) of acts. Bulletin of the Tomsk State. un-ta, 4(14), 81-91. 
Lopashenko, N. A. (2015). Crimes in the sphere of economic activity: theoretical and applied analysis. Moscow: Yurlitinform.
Danilovskaia, A.V. (2021). Economic rationale for criminal law policy in the field of competition protection. Lex Russica, 2, 93-107.
Bryant, P., Eckard, E. (1991). Price Fixing: The Probability Gettin
Reference:
Kuznetsova A.R.. Complex Theoretical and Legal Analysis of the Signs of a void Transaction // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 11. – P. 62-68. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.11.38684.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.11.38684
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Abstract: The subject of research in this article is the norms of substantive law that characterize such a special segment of civil law relations as insignificant transactions, as well as law enforcement practice for their conclusion and implementation within the framework of modern economic turnover.
The author in the article analyzes the legislative construction of the concept of an insignificant transaction, talks about its "defects". The problem is also aggravated by the lack of unity of views on its explanation in the scientific community, which necessitates a separate study focusing exclusively on the definitive apparatus.
The problematic field of Russian legislation is also the basic signs (criteria) themselves that determine the invalidity of insignificant transactions within the framework of civil turnover, which the author pays special attention to in view of their multifaceted practical significance, which determines such basic legal parameters as "public interests", "interests of third parties", legal inefficiency. To conduct the research, the author used a methodology that includes an analytical review of regulatory legal and scientific literature on the subject of research, synthesis and generalization of the collected data, formation of optimal parameters of the model for determining the nullity of a transaction within the framework of modern civil law.
The result of the work is the original author's proposals and recommendations of the legislative "revision" of civil legislation, forming innovations in law. In particular, in the form of draft articles, an updated definition of an insignificant transaction is proposed, their specific types and characteristic features are isolated. The author's concept of public interests is formulated. In their entirety, the components of the novelty of the article.
Keywords: legal inefficiency, public interests, maintainability, vice, protection of the right, invalidity, an insignificant transaction, civilistic doctrine, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, interests of third parties
References:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 12 Dec. 1993: with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on 01.07.2020 [Electronic resource]. Retrieved from http://www.pravo.gov.ru [Official Internet portal of legal information]
The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part one) of 30.11.1994 No. 51-FZ (ed. of 25.02.2022) [Electronic resource]. Retrieved from http://www.pravo.gov.ru [Official Internet portal of legal information]
Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 23.06.2015 No. 25 "On the application by courts of certain provisions of Section I of Part One of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation" [Electronic resource]. Retrieved from http://www.pravo.gov.ru [Official Internet portal of legal information]
Abdirimov, A.F., Ozmanyan, Y.Z. (2022). The concept and classification of invalid transactions. International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences, 5-2(68), 166-171.
Genkin, D.M. (1947). Invalidity of transactions mad
Reference:
Viatkin A.A.. About the problem of obtaining information necessary to prove the guilt of persons involved in the illegal acquisition, storage and smuggling of wood. // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 11. – P. 1-10. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.11.68861.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.11.68861
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Abstract: The subject of the study is the existing practice of investigating crimes related to the illegal acquisition, storage and smuggling of wood, the results of theoretical and applied scientific research conducted in this field.
As the main factors determining the existence of the problem considered in the course of the study, the author identifies: the complex nature of criminal actions that precede the illegal export of forest products; the organized nature of criminal activity; a significant amount of information that is subject to analysis as part of the investigation; the concealment by criminals of their awareness of the illegal origin of wood and the illegality of its export.
Special attention is paid to the role of witnesses in criminal cases as well as work with them. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the algorithm proposed by the results of the study for obtaining meaningful information, which consists of two stages of investigative work and takes into account the peculiarities of the method of wood smuggling, and is also focused on the above factors. In addition, it allows you to streamline the process of searching, recording and analyzing information that is necessary to solve the problem of proving the guilty of specific persons. Its application is considered by the author on the example of working with certain categories of witnesses, however, it is universal and in practice can be used by the preliminary investigation body when working with various sources of information.
Keywords: obstructing the investigation, criminal process, investigation problems, illegal timber export, interrogation of a witness, investigative actions, crime investigation methodology, organized crime, timber smuggling, illegal timber trafficking
References:
Aleksandrova L. I. (2023). Combating crime in the sphere of illegal trade and export of timber. Fighting crime: theory and practice: Abstracts of the XI International Scientific and Practical Conference, Mogilev, April 07, 2023, – Mogilev: Educational Institution "Mogilev Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus”, 129 – 132.
Stelmakh E.V. (2020). Current issues of timber export from the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District // Regional problems, 4, 17 – 21.
Rogova E. V., Zabavko R. A., & Nikonov P. V. (2020). Criminal market of corruption services in the field of forest management. Bulletin of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 4(95), 73 – 81.
Repetskaya A. L. (2023). Comparative characteristics of the current state of criminal markets in Russia and China // Baikal comparative readings: Materials of the international scientific and practica
Reference:
Greben'kova L.A.. Criminal and legal qualification of the victim of the crime of enticing a minor into committing acts endangering his life (Article 151² of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 11. – P. 22-34. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.11.68993.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.11.68993
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Abstract: This article explores the intricate landscape of criminal-legal relations pertaining to the definition of characteristics of victims, particularly minors, within the framework of Article 151² of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author unravels the psychological, social, and legal foundations underpinning the inclusion of "minor" as a distinct category characterizing crime victims. Emphasizing modern perspectives on human development and the determination of the age of majority, the study delves into the nuanced legal status of minors as both subjects and victims of criminal acts.
Employing general scientific methods, formal-legal interpretation, and critical-legal analysis, the author scrutinizes the existing legal norms, shedding light on their shortcomings. Special attention is dedicated to unique categories of juvenile victims, such as emancipated individuals and those with social and mental development peculiarities. The research marks a contribution by offering the first comprehensive analysis of victim characteristics governed by Article 151².
Key findings underscore the necessity of recognizing minors as a distinctive victim category, driven by inherent psychological traits, the demand for specialized legal protection, and their limited legal status. The study highlights specific temporal constraints related to the minor age of victims and minimizes the relevance of personal characteristics and moral qualities in cases involving crimes committed by minors. Proposing legislative improvements, the article enhances understanding and discourse in this complex intersection of criminal law and juvenile victimology.
Keywords: minors, growing up, mental immaturity, emancipation of minors, crimes against minors, involvement of a minor, public danger, the victim of a crime, protection of childhood, parenting
References:
Kraig, G. & Bokum D. (2006). Psychology of Development. Saint-Petersburg: Piter.
Elkonin, D. B. (1971) To the problem of periodisation of mental development in childhood. Questions of Psychology, 4, 6-20.
Scheer, S.D., Unger, D.G. & Brown, M.B. (1996) Adolescents becoming adults: attributes for adulthood. Adolescence, 31(121), 127-131.
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
Sawyer, S. M. et al. (2018). The age of adolescence. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(3), 223–228. doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30022-1
Verin, A. Yu. (2016). Legal status of a minor: diss. … cand. leg. sci. Kazan.
Pudovochkin, Yu. E. (2002). Responsibility for crimes against minors under Russian criminal law. Saint-Petersburg: Legal Centre Press.
Korobe
Reference:
Usov A.Y.. On the powers of the prosecutor to initiate disciplinary proceedings // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 10. – P. 15-23. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.10.68746.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.10.68746
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Abstract: The object of scientific research is the social relations that develop in the sphere of application by prosecutors of the Russian Federation of powers to initiate disciplinary proceedings. The subject of the study is the practice of prosecutor's offices of the Russian Federation in bringing guilty persons to disciplinary liability, legislation of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, organizational and administrative documents of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, works of scientists related to the topic of research. The methodological basis of the research includes the dialectical method, methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, induction, observation, modeling, historical, comparative legal, statistical and other methods. The main conclusions of the study are to substantiate the mandatory requirement of the prosecutor to bring the perpetrators to disciplinary liability, since this is dictated not so much by the formal requirements of statistical reporting, but by the need to ensure the prevention of law violations. The scientific novelty lies in the proposals formulated by the author to legislatively consolidate the powers of the prosecutor or his deputy to initiate disciplinary proceedings, mandatory for the authorities specified in paragraph 1 of Article 21 of the Federal Law of January 17, 1992 No. 2202-1 “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”. The work contains specific proposals for amending Article 21 of the Law on the Prosecutor's Office.
Keywords: disciplinary action, disciplinary liability, local authorities, authorities, prosecutor's demand, prosecutorial activity, prosecutor supervision, prosecutor, prosecutor's office, disciplinary proceedings
References:
Vyatkin, A. A. (2022). The problem of limiting the competence of the prosecutor when identifying causes and conditions that contribute to violations that are associated with departmental control. Forensic science: yesterday, today, tomorrow, 3(23), 177–187.
Filipenko, S.V. (2021). Issues of bringing government employees to disciplinary liability based on the prosecutor’s presentation. Legality, 5, 8–11.
Galina, E. (2021). Bringing to disciplinary responsibility at the request of law enforcement agencies. Institutions of physical culture and sports: accounting and taxation, 7, 72–79.
Karpysheva, Yu.O. (2019). The role of the prosecutor’s representation on the elimination of violations of the law in the prevention of offenses. Legality, 12, 36–38.
Usov, A.Yu. (2019).Prosecutor's supervision over the implementation of federal legislation. Irkutsk, Irkutsk Law Institute (branch) of the University of the Prosecutor's Office of
Reference:
Pastushenko A.A.. The subject of inappropriate spending of budget funds: some problematic aspects // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 8. – P. 22-37. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.8.43884.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.8.43884
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Abstract: The subject of this study is some issues related to the subject of inappropriate spending of budgetary funds. The regulatory and law enforcement framework, which discloses the content of the official of the recipient of budget funds as a subject of inappropriate spending of budget funds, is systematically evaluated. There are different views of executive authorities and judicial bodies regarding the inclusion of persons with the status of an official, but carrying out activities in organizations that are not participants in the budget process in the form of recipients of budget funds, among the subjects of inappropriate spending of budget funds. The analysis of the inverse correlation of the categories "official of the recipient of budgetary funds" and "official" is carried out on the example of the All-Russian public-state movement of children and youth.
When writing the article, the following methods were used: dialectics, formal logic, system analysis, statistical, lexical, modeling, formal-legal, comparative-legal.
According to the results of the conducted research, it is established that it is impossible to bring to criminal responsibility for the misuse of budgetary funds officials of individual organizations involved in the expenditure of budgetary funds, but not included in the budget legislation of the Russian Federation among the recipients of budgetary funds. For the first time, the possibility of bringing to criminal responsibility for the misuse of budgetary funds of persons engaged in activities in the All-Russian socio-state movement of children and youth is analyzed. As a result, it was determined that not every participant in public relations, endowed with the powers of a recipient of budgetary funds, meets the characteristics of an official, which excludes the possibility of applying Article 2851 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Inappropriate expenditure of budgetary funds" in relation to him. The options for getting out of this situation are presented.
Keywords: participant in the budget process, special subject, abuse of power, budget, misappropriation, budget resources, official, recipient of budgetary funds, subject of crime, social movements
References:
Brief quarterly information on the execution of the federal budget. Official website of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. Official website of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation: [website]. Retrieved from https://minfin.gov.ru/ru
Naumov, A.V. (2023). Criminal law. General part: textbook for universities. Responsible editors, A.V. Naumov, A. G. Kibalnik. 5th ed., reprint. and add. Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House.
Seregina, E.V. (2023). Criminal law. The general part: textbook for universities. Responsible editors I. A. Podroikina, E. V. Seregina, S. I. Ulezko. 6th ed., reprint. and add. Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House.
Kozachenko, I. Ya. (2023). Criminal law. General part : textbook for universities / I. Ya. Kozachenko, G. P. Novoselov. 6th ed., reprint. and add. Moscow : Yurayt Publishing House.
Harutyunyan, K.S. (2007). Criminal-legal and criminological aspects of combating crimes committed in the sphere of distribution and use of bud
Reference:
Markin P.V.. Features of the Award for Performance in Kind // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 7. – P. 38-50. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.7.39708.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.7.39708
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Abstract: The work is devoted to the analysis of the method of protection of the right "award for execution in kind" provided for in paragraph 8 of Article 12 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, paragraph 1. Article 308.3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the specifics of its application in practice. The subject of the study is domestic acts of interpretation of the norm, as well as the peculiarities of legal regulation of the method of protection of the right under study in foreign law. The study analyzes judicial practice, draws parallels with similar norms of foreign law and order. The practice of awarding requirements for performance in kind is heterogeneous and requires detailed study and systematization in order to unify. In the course of studying the issue, it was found that there is no consensus in law enforcement practice on some issues, in particular on the issue of the admissibility of awarding in kind the obligation to transfer things defined by generic characteristics. Analysis of legislation and acts of interpretation has shown that in the domestic legal field, the issue of awarding for execution in kind can be justified both "for" and "against" the possibility of awarding things with generic characteristics. In addition, the article reveals additional criteria for the admissibility of an award for execution in kind, which are not reflected either in normative acts or in acts of interpretation, but follow directly from actual court decisions.
Keywords: generic things, enforcement in civil law, Fulfillment of obligations, law enforcement practice, specific performance, method of protection of law, obligation, Civil law, Individually defined things, DCFR
References:
Kulakov, V. V. (2009). Obligation and complications of its structure in the civil law of Russia. Moscow: Russian Academy of Justice.
Russian Civil Law: Issue 1-2. Prof. V.I. Sinaisky. Kiev: T.A. Kaspersky.
Karapetov, A.G. "specific performance and filling in the gaps in the contract: we continue to review the novelties of foreign literature". Retrieved from https://zakon.ru/blog/2014/1/11/ispolnenie_v_nature_i_vospolnenie_probelov_v_dogovore_prodolzhaem_obozrevat_novinki_zarubezhnoj_lite
The general doctrine of obligation. (1950). Lunts L.A., Novitsky I.B. (Eds.). Moscow: Gosyurizdat.
Textbook of Russian civil law. According to the 1907 edition. (1995). Shershenevich G.F. (Ed.). Moscow: Spark.
Civil law of the provinces of the Kingdom of Poland and Russian in connection with the Draft Civil Code. (1914). The general part of the Law of Obligations. (1914). Trepitsyn I.N. (Ed.). Warsaw: Type. Varsh. studies. okr.
Performance and termination of the obligation: commentary to Articles 307-3
Reference:
Moskalev G.L.. Criminalization of denial of the genocide of the peoples of the USSR as an infringement on historical truth // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 7. – P. 51-58. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.7.43893.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.7.43893
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Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of the current state and prospects of the criminal legal regulation of the denial of genocide in Russia. The issue is considered in the context of the implementation of the state task of protecting historical truth, enshrined in Part 3 of Article 67.1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other legal acts. Historical truth is socially significant reliable information about historical events related to ensuring the security of Russia, consisting of accurately confirmed historical facts. From 2020 to the present, the genocide of the peoples of the USSR has been established by court decisions in 13 regions of the Russian Federation, which gives information about these events both confirmation and public significance.
Analysis of the current criminal law has demonstrated that in its version, denial of the genocide of the peoples of the USSR is not a crime. The discovery of legal and social grounds leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to criminalize the genocide of the peoples of the USSR. The experience of regulating liability for genocide denial in European countries does not allow us to recommend it for reception. The experience of criminalization of such an act in the Republic of Belarus is considered preferable. As an alternative to it, a new version of Part 1 of Article 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is proposed, providing for responsibility for denying the genocide of the peoples of the USSR.
Keywords: extremism, grounds for criminalization, criminalization, rehabilitation of Nazism, peoples of the USSR, genocide, denial of genocide, historical truth, national security, comparative law
References:
Aramian, A. (2016). Some problems of criminalizing the denial of the Armenian Genocide. 21-st century, 2(39), 35-46.
Brezhnev, O.V., & Petrov N.V. (2022). Organizational and legal foundations of patriotic education and protection of historical truth in Russia. In Traditional Spiritual and Moral Values in Modern Russia: History and Challenges of the Time (pp. 11-16). Kursk: University book.
Vospiakova, O.F. (2022). Denial of the genocide of the Belarusian people: innovation in criminal legislation. In Fighting crime: theory and practice (pp. 25-27). Mogilev: Mogilev Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus.
Dodonov, V.N. (2014). Criminal law protection of Historical Truth: foreign experience and development of Russian legislation. Bulletin of the Academy of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, 3, 87-95.
Dorskaia, A.A., & Dorskij, A.Yu. (2023). Preservation of historic
Reference:
Troyanov Y.O.. Problems of determining income as a qualifying attribute of a crime under Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 6. – P. 79-90. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.6.40721.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.6.40721
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Abstract: Competition is an important factor stimulating economic growth and development, as well as improving the quality of goods and services. Protection of competition is one of the basic principles of modern states. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides not only administrative, but also criminal liability (with an increased preventive role) for restricting competition (Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, there are serious problems associated with bringing the perpetrators to justice. Among such problems is the lack of a unified approach to determining income from the conclusion of such agreements. In this paper, existing approaches to determining the income extracted by participants in anti-competitive agreements will be considered, and the approach outlined by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in its Resolution №19-P of 19.04.2023 will also be analyzed.
Keywords: constitutionality, damage, profit, qualifying attribute, income, competition, cartel, collusion, anticompetitive agreement, fairness
References:
Burlakov V.N. (2014). Criminal Law of Russia. Special Part: Tutorial. Ed. Burlakova V.N.,-2nd ed.-St. Petersburg:St. Petersburg State University.
Gavrilov D.A. (2016). Anticompetitive agreements and unfair competition: A textbook. Gavrilov D.A., Kinev A.Yu., Puzyrevsky S.A., Seregin D.I., Khokhlov E.S./ In Puzyrevskogo S.A. (Ed.)-M.: Prospect.
Egorova M.A. (2015). Coordination of economic activity in the Russian legal space: Monograph / K.M. Belikova, A.V. Gabov, D.A. Gavrilov, etc.; In M.A. Egorova (Ed.). M.: Justicinform.
Kinev, A.Y. (2011). Cartels and other anticompetitive agreements. Moscow: Infotropik.
Maximov S.V. (2018). Criminal policy in the field of competition protection: goals and opportunities. Maximov S.V., Utarov K.A./In V. P. Zavarukhin (Ed.). – M.: IPRAN RAS.
Naumov A.V. (2004). Russian criminal law. The general part. Course of lectures. M.: Legal literature.
Tsarikovsky A.Y. (2019). Restriction of competition: theoretical and practical aspects of criminal liabi
Reference:
Vinner E.R.. The objective side of abuse in the issue of securities (Part 1 of Article 185 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 6. – P. 14-24. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.6.40835.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.6.40835
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Abstract: The object of the study is the objective side of the crime, responsibility for which is provided for in Part 1 of Article 185 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The problems that arise when trying to understand the mechanism of causing damage to investors are analyzed. It is noted that it cannot be real. The conclusion is formulated that the socially dangerous consequences reflected in Article 185 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation do not allow it to be applicable in practice, do not allow to correctly determine the immediate object in theory. The necessity of changing the disposition of the rule on abuse in the issue of securities is substantiated. The proposed version, firstly, takes into account legislative changes in the part of documents containing information about securities; secondly, it excludes consequences in the form of damage; and thirdly, it does not create problems in determining the type of intent and distinguishing from the offense, responsibility for which is established in Article 15.17 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation "Unfair issue of securities papers".   The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is that it was carried out after significant changes were made to the sectoral legislation, on which the possibility of applying the criminal law provision providing for liability for abuse in the issue of securities depends. The proposed changes to the disposition of Part 1 of Article 185 of the Criminal Code will make this rule applicable and effective.
on the basis of the analysis, the following conclusions are formulated:
1) on the exclusion of socially dangerous consequences in the form of major damage from Part 1 of Article 185 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation;
2) the degree of violation of the established emission procedure is proposed to be considered as a sign delimiting an administrative offense and the analyzed crime.
Keywords: The Central Bank of Russian Federation, issue of securities, investors, issuers, securities, damage to investors, emission stages, information disclosure, promotion, exchange
References:
Bryzgalova, M. A., Vinshu, D. V., Shulekina, E. N. Bond issue as a source of financing the activities of small and medium-sized businesses / M. A. Bryzgalova, D. V. Vinshu, E. N. Shulekin. — Text: direct // Financial markets and banks. —2021.-No. 12.-S. 86–90.
Klepitsky, I. A. New economic criminal law: monograph.-Moscow: Prospekt, 2022.-S. 487.-Text: direct.
Klepitsky, I. A. New economic criminal law: monograph.-Moscow: Prospekt, 2022.-S. 515.-Text: direct.
Regulation of the Bank of Russia dated December 19, 2019 No. 706-P On the standards for issuing securities // ConsultantPlus: [website].-2019.-URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_344933/ (date of access: 05/29/2023).
Russian Federation. Law. Budget Code of the Russian Federation: No. 145-FZ [adopted by the State Duma; approved by the Council of the Federation of July 31, 1998]. - Moscow: Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. - 08/03/1998. - No. 31. - Art. 3823. - Text: direct.
Russian F
Reference:
Prilepskii E.T.. Detention of suspects committed business and economic crimes : some application problems // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 6. – P. 38-47. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.6.40911.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.6.40911
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Abstract: The author considers the features of the regulation of the application of a measure of restraint in the form of detention against entrepreneurs in criminal cases on economic crimes, as well as the practice of applying these norms. The relevance of the study lies in a wide public discussion about the presence of undue pressure on business, in a constructive change in the criminal procedure legislation, as well as inconsistent court practice. The author notes that today the main problem of applying the studied measure of restraint lies not in the legislative regulation, but in the absence of a developed single consistent position of the courts. At the same time, as a result of the analysis of the research topic, it is concluded that as part of the further comprehensive implementation of measures to reform the institutions for protecting entrepreneurship and creating a favorable environment for business, in the context of geopolitical instability, it is necessary to develop and adopt a number of changes to the criminal procedure legislation. In particular, it seems necessary to amend Part 1.1 of Art. 108 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of clear criteria by which economic activity could be distinguished from other types of activity in the field of criminal procedure.
Keywords: investigator, criminal proceedings, economic crimes, businessman, entrepreneurial activity, detention, preventive measure, investigation, investigation of crimes, preliminary investigation
References:
Federal Law of August 02, 2019 No. 315-FZ “On Amendments to Articles 108 and 109 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta, No. 172, 08/07/2019.
Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2013 No. 41 (as amended on June 11, 2020) “On the practice of application by courts of legislation on preventive measures in the form of detention, house arrest, bail and prohibition of certain actions” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta, No. 294, 27.12.2013.
Cassation ruling of the Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated August 10, 2021 N 78-UD21-19-K3 // Consultant Plus ATP.
Appeal Resolution of the Moscow City Court dated 04.08.2021, No. 10-15552/2021 // SPS "Consultant Plus".
Review of the practice of consideration by courts of petitions for choosing a measure of restraint in the form of detention and for extending the period of detention (approved by the Presidiu
Reference:
Severskii G.Y.. Criminal-legal significance of minority of the injured as an aggravating circumstance // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 5. – P. 30-36. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.5.40672.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.5.40672
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Abstract: The article considers the criminal law significance of signs of infancy and minority of the victim as an aggravating circumstance in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. Thus, the subject of research is the social relations that characterize the named circumstance. As part of the work, the author studies various doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concepts of "juvenile" and "minor" in the context of the issues under consideration. In addition, the study touches upon the law enforcement problems of taking into account the infancy and minority of the victim when qualifying a socially dangerous act. The author notes that the inclusion of the minority of the victim among the circumstances under consideration is dictated by the special danger of the person committing such an attack, his inhumanity, the baseness of the motives that prompt him to commit a crime.
By analyzing the legal framework, statistical data and provisions of the theory of criminal law, controversial and problematic aspects of the application of the norms of the current criminal legislation in the context of taking into account the minor age of the victim as an aggravating circumstance are revealed. The paper notes that these signs affect the nature and degree of public danger of a crime, differentiating responsibility, being important for qualifying a criminal act and imposing a just punishment. The author proposes recommendations for changing the current criminal law in the relevant part. The author notes that the proposed changes will make it possible to improve the process of individualization of the punishment imposed on the guilty, and will also allow an objective assessment of the degree of public danger of the deed when the court decides the sentence.
Keywords: qualification, age, criminal, sentencing, minor, juvenile, victim, circumstances, punishment, criminal law
References:
Khatuev V.B. Criminal law protection of pregnant women, minors, defenseless and helpless persons and persons who are dependent on the guilty: author. dis. … cand. legal Sciences. M., 2004. pp. 3-5.
Davtyan D.V., Lobanova L.V. Once again about the helpless state of the victim during the murder and in crimes against sexual freedom and sexual inviolability // Russian investigator. 2008. No. 20. pp. 16-18.
Doronina E.B. Helpless state of the victim in the structure of the murder: theory, law and practice: author. dis. ... cand. legal Sciences. Yekaterinburg, 2004, p. 57.
Nikolaeva Yu.V. Differentiation of responsibility for infringement on the interests of minors in the criminal law of Russia: author. dis. ... cand. legal Sciences. Moscow, 2012. p. 13.
Lysenko A.V. Juvenile delinquency and its prevention by criminal law measures (on the example of the Krasnodar Territory): author. dis. ... cand. legal Sciences. Krasnodar, 2008, p. 7.
Buranov G.K. Aggravating circumstances in the criminal law o
Reference:
Vinner E.R.. The objective side of the crime, the responsibility for which is established in Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 4. – P. 14-23. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.4.40612.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.4.40612
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Abstract: Special attention is paid to the objective side of the crime, responsibility for which is provided for in Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The problems arising in the interpretation of the term "malice" of evasion are analyzed. The conclusion is formulated that "malice" should be replaced by "repetition", providing for the interpretation of this term through administrative prejudice in the note to Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In this regard, it is proposed to exclude the term "malice" from the title of the article, and formulate it as: "Failure to fulfill the obligation to disclose and provide information defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation on securities." The necessity of changing the note to Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation by specifying there the numbers of specific articles in the Administrative Code - Part 1 of Article 15.19 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and Part 1 of Article 19.7 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, since the existing term "similar act" causes ambiguity in its interpretation.
The introduction of repetition and its interpretation in the note will make it easy to distinguish the crime provided for in Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation from an administrative offense, responsibility for which is established in Part 1 of Article 15.19 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation "Violations of legal requirements concerning the presentation and disclosure of information in financial markets" and in Part 1 of Article 19.7.3 "Non-presentation information to the Bank of Russia". The exclusion of socially dangerous consequences in the form of major damage to citizens, organizations or the state will allow this norm to become applicable.
Keywords: provision of information, incomplete information, fake information, major damage, disclosure, revelation, issuers, administrative offense, investor, criminal law
References:
The concept and terms in the criminal law of Russia. General and Special parts: textbook / otv. ed. A.I. Chuchaev, E.V. Loshenkov. M.: Contract, 2014. S. 285.
Qualification of crimes in the sphere of economics / under total. ed. V. I. Gladkikh. M., 2014. S. 230.
Yurchenko I.A. Signs of "systematic", "repeated", "malignant" in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation // Legal Science in China and Russia. 2017. No. 1. P. 176.
Commentary on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (item-by-article) / ed. G.A. Esakov. M.: Prospekt, 2021. S. 134
Evaluation signs in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: scientific and judicial interpretation: a scientific and practical guide / ed. A.V. Galakhova. M., 2014. S. 361.
URL: https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/170133-5#bh_histras (дата обращения: 3.02.2023).
Judgment of the Baterevsky District Court of the Chuvash Republic dated March 7, 2012 in case No. 1-1/201
Reference:
Smirnova M.S., Listratov I.V.. Analysis of Violations of the Labor Rights of Citizens in the Remote Working Organization // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 3. – P. 1-12. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.3.40036.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.3.40036
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Abstract: The subject of the research in the article is the labor relations between employees and employers in the remote format of labor organization. The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of social and labor mobility during the transition to remote working. The survey of the economically active part of the population revealed the degree of prevalence of this phenomenon and the main violations of labor legislation faced by citizens working in a remote format. The author investigates various violations of the rights and legitimate interests of subjects in this area, examines their nature, frequency and causes. The analysis of the legal aspects of the protection of the violated rights of workers performing the labor function remotely is carried out, the main changes that have been made to the legislation since the beginning of the pandemic are considered, the prospects for further development of this area of public relations are determined. As a result of the study, the main violations of the labor rights of citizens were identified. The most common problem faced by citizens when switching to remote work is the lack of equipment and other resources necessary for the performance of professional functions. The second significant problem is the presence of significant overwork, in third place are legal violations in the execution of an employment contract. Less common is a reduction in the level of wages, unjustified imposition of disciplinary penalties or dismissal. The paper focuses on the fact that the modern process of law-making and law enforcement should be aimed at minimizing violations of labor rights. This cannot be achieved without improving the legal culture of citizens.
Keywords: employee interests, labor legislation, employment contract, employer, labor function, remote employment, remote worker, labor rights, violation, labor relations
References:
Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Violations of December 30, 2001 N 195-FZ (amended on February 28, 2023) // Rossiyskaya Gazeta.-31.12.2001.-N 256.
Labor Code of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2001 N 197-FZ (amended on December 19, 2022) (amended and supplemented on March 1, 2023) // Rossiyskaya Gazeta.-31.12.2001.-N 256.
Determination of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2022 in case No. 4-KG21-54-K1 // Official Internet portal of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource]. URL: https://vsrf.ru/lk/practice/cases/11281600 (date of access: 03/18/2023).
Bryukhina, E.R. Remote (remote) work as a digital segment of the labor market: problems and prospects // Vestnik VSU.-Series: Law.-2021.-No. 1 (44).-P. 80-89.
Kozlova, A.N., Cherkashina, Yu.K. Remote work in the Russian Federation: legislative regulation and development prospects // Issues of Russian justice.-2021.-No. 15.-P. 407-417.
Kolesnikova, O.A., Strebkov, A.A. Expa
Reference:
Rudakova S.V.. Forms of Criminal Procedure Appeal // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 2. – P. 20-31. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.2.39820.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.2.39820
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Abstract: Criminal procedural appeal is a special way of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and participants in legal proceedings empowered. Each part of the judicial proceedings has its element. The effectiveness of the implementation of the appeal is due to the clarity of the structuring of the relevant legal participants and their adaptation to the specifics. The purpose of this work is to formulate and raise for a wide scientific discussion the problem associated with the allocation of forms of appeal in certain parts of the division of legal proceedings and the proposal of author's approaches to its resolution.
The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that it is, in fact, one of the first works devoted to the analysis of the forms of criminal procedure appeal. Based on a combination of traditional scientific methods (dialectics, hypothetical, systemic, functional-structural, logical and other types of analysis, generalization, modeling, and others), a scientifically based vision of only two forms of appeal is formed: pre-trial and judicial, differing in objective and essential features. The author believes that these forms as a whole form a complex of criminal procedural appeals. The proposals contained in the study can be used in legislative activities to improve the criminal procedural norms devoted to the institution of appeal.
Keywords: institution, criminal process, judicial, pre-trial, form, principle, appeal, criminal proceedings, process, legal proceedings
References:
Andreeva, O.I. Reformed proceedings in the court of cassation: the ratio of private and public principles / O.I. Andreeva, A.A. Rukavishnikova // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice.-2020.-No. 3.-P. 3–7.
Kudryavtseva, A. V. On the limits of the rights of the court of appeal in criminal proceedings / A. V. Kudryavtseva // Judge.-2020.-No. 4 (112). – P. 38–43.
Endoltseva, A. A. Proceedings on a complaint received by the court in accordance with Art. 125 Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation: controversial issues / A. A. Endoltseva // Criminal proceedings.-2020.-No. 3.-P. 39–44.
Gordeychik, S. A. Abuse of the right to appeal in accordance with article 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation / S. A. Gordeychik // Advocate practice.-2020.-No. 2.-P. 21–22.
Bravilova, E. A. The subject and limits of consideration by the court of complaints against decisions to terminate and refuse to initiate a criminal case in accordance with Article 125 of the Crimi
Reference:
Titorenko S.K.. Legal Regulation of Taxation of Cryptocurrency Turnover: A Comparative Legal Study of the Tax and Legal Regulation of the Republic of India and the Russian Federation // Law and Politics. – 2023. – № 1. – P. 41-47. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.1.39703.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.1.39703
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Abstract: The article discusses the features of the tax and legal regulation of cryptocurrencies in the Republic of India and the Russian Federation.
A study of legal regulation and a study of the positions of legal scholars of the Republic of India, in terms of regulating the turnover of cryptocurrencies, as well as the experience of regulatory regulation of the turnover of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation.
As a result of the study, the author identified a gap in the legal regulation of taxation of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation, in comparison with the legal regulation of the Republic of India. Public relations arising in connection with the turnover of cryptocurrencies are not regulated in any country of the world at the moment, including in terms of taxation of transactions using cryptocurrencies. In this connection, it is necessary to take into account the foreign experience of legal regulation of taxation of cryptocurrency turnover, including the Republic of India. The problem lies in the fact that amendments to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation have not been adopted at the moment, which would regulate the taxation of cryptocurrency turnover in the Russian Federation. To investigate the experience of legal regulation of taxation of cryptocurrencies of the Republic of India and to identify aspects that could be applied to form the legal regulation of taxation of turnover of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation. Previously, comparative legal research in this area has not been conducted.
Keywords: utilitarian digital rights, digital currency, digital financial asset, token, blockchain, cryptocurrency, taxation, mining, staking, Republic of India
References:
Federal Law No. 324-FZ of 14.07.2022 "On Amendments to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation";
Federal Law No. 259-FZ dated 31.07.2020 "On Digital Financial Assets, Digital Currency and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation";
P. Suchetana Ray, Govt Plans to Bring in Law to Regulate Cryptocurrency Trade, Forms Panel, Hindustan Times, URL: https://perma.cc/6HLK-G9LD (date of application: 31.01.2023);
Dep't of Econ. Aff., Ministry of Fin., Report of the Committee to Propose Specific Actions to Be Taken in Relation to Virtual Currencies, URL: https://perma.cc/4HTG-L2X7 (accessed: 01/31/2023);
Press Release, Dep't of Econ. Aff., Ministry of Fin., Press Release on Report of the Committee on Virtual Currencies, URL: https://perma.cc/PM5F-E2L5 (accessed: 01/31/2023);
Draft Banning of Cryptocurrency & Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill, 2019, PRS Legis. Res., URL: https://perma.cc/4SGZ-YRW6 (accessed: 01/31/2023);
Vivina Vishwanathan, Bitcoin Re
Reference:
Kovalev A.A.. The validity of decision-making as a fundamental principle of the Prosecutor's Office // Law and Politics. – 2022. – № 7. – P. 13-21. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.7.38311.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.7.38311
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Abstract: The subject of the study is materials of prosecutorial, law enforcement and judicial practice, norms of procedural legislation and legislation on the prosecutor's office regulating these public relations, as well as positions formed on the essence of the principle of validity and its implementation in the activities of the prosecutor's office and other law enforcement agencies. The object of the research in the article is the social relations arising from the implementation of the principle of reasonableness of decision-making in the implementation of prosecutorial and other law enforcement activities. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the correlation of validity and objective truth, the main characteristics of the principle and the problem of the correlation of the normative regulation of justification and the empirical task of its establishment. The principle of reasonableness of decision-making is one of the key principles of the activities of the prosecutor's office, other law enforcement agencies, as well as regulatory bodies; the need for reasonableness of decisions taken by law enforcement officials is stated in many regulations. At the same time, legal acts do not contain regulation of this fundamental principle; there is practically no scientific elaboration of it, there are only studies of its individual aspects, without highlighting the key provisions, the study of which in the activities of law enforcement agencies and in more detail the prosecutor's office is devoted to the article, what is the novelty of the study.
In the course of the research, the views of scientists on the content of the principle of validity, the procedure for its legal regulation were studied, as a result of which the main characteristics of this principle were identified, which should be the basis for the legal regulation of the principle in relation to the activities of the prosecutor's office and the court. The conclusion is formulated about the need to consolidate this principle in the Law on the Prosecutor's Office, which will prevent the adoption of unreasonable decisions possible if this principle is not observed, and abuse of authority, which in turn can lead to a violation of the principle of legality, which is a special contribution of the author to the study of this topic.
Keywords: the Law on the Prosecutor's Office, prosecutor's check, appeal to the court, law enforcement agencies, law enforcement, objective truth, the principle of legality, the principle of validity, prosecutor, civil procedure
References:
Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 19.12.2003 N 23 "On the judicial decision".
Ergashev, E.R. (2007). The validity of inspections of the execution of laws as a principle of prosecutorial supervisory and protective law. A Russian investigator, 23, 38-39.
Oyun, D. I. (2021). Principles of justice, individualization, timeliness and validity of criminal prosecution. My professional career, 26 (2), 134-138.
Hakobyan, A.V. (2019). Correlation of the principle of searching for the truth in a case and the validity of a court decision in civil proceedings on the example of the Institute of evaluation of written evidence (documents and their copies). Bulletin of the V.N. Tatishchev Volga State University, 2 (1), 95-105.
Mirzoev, S. B. (2016). Principles of legality and validity, finality of acts and solemnity of the session of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tajikistan. Legal field of modern economy, 2, 40-46.
Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary [El
Reference:
Kukharuk V.V.. Qualification of illegal drug trafficking as part of commercial products // Law and Politics. – 2022. – № 5. – P. 9-20. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.5.37501.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.5.37501
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Abstract: The subject of the study is criminological, historical, legal and international legal aspects of regulating the turnover of seeds of the oilseed food poppy Papaver somniferum Linnaeus and the problems of qualifying the facts of the presence of an admixture of poppy straw in their composition. The global indicators of the public danger of illicit trafficking in opioids and domestic indicators of the state of drug crime during the period of the ban on the cultivation of oilseed poppy are analyzed. The materials of judicial practice were studied in order to establish the formalized grounds for the legal assessment of the presence of a weed impurity in the form of poppy straw in specific legal relations in the composition of the food poppy product. The provisions of state standards on the quality of food poppy in the context of competition resolution of technical regulations and criminal procedure legislation are considered.    The absence of uniform law enforcement decisions has been established when, under comparable circumstances, an admixture of poppy straw in the composition of a food poppy is recognized as a commodity as the subject of an administrative offense, a narcotic as the subject of a crime or as a set of objects of crimes – narcotic drugs in the form of natural alkaloids of the narcotic drug itself. On the basis of the UN Convention of 1961 and the resolutions of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts of the Russian Federation, proposals were made to exclude the provisions of legal fiction from the legislation in the field of drug trafficking regulation and to improve criminal legislation in terms of clarifying the content of the concepts of mixture and drug.
Keywords: mixture, opiates, opioids, narcotic plants, poppy straw, weed admixture, poppy seeds, poppy sleeping pills, drugs, legal fiction
References:
Vereshchagina V. A. Plant genetic resources and breeding: textbook / V. A. Vereshchagina; Federal Agency for Education of the Russian Federation, State Educational Institution "Perm State University".-Perm: Perm State University, 2006. 142 p.
Zhbankov V. A. Transnational organized drug crime and drug trafficking as its component: current state and main trends / V.A. Zhbankov, A.V. Tabakov. M.: RIO of the Russian Customs Academy, 2017. 180 p.
Lyubavina M. A. Criminal legal counteraction to drug addiction: law, theory, practice: monograph / M. A. Lyubavina.-Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2021. 751 p.
Kuharuk V.V. Illegal trafficking of potent or poisonous substances: criminal-legal and criminological aspects.-M.: A-Prior, 2006. p. 157.
Chistova L. E. Investigation of the smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic, potent, poisonous substances, as well as plants containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances: monograph / L. E. Chistova.-Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2015. 230 p.
Rossinskaya E. R., Lazare
Reference:
Belyaev I.Y.. Violators of the legal prescriptions of narcotics and psychotropic substances trafficking // Law and Politics. – 2022. – № 4. – P. 14-23. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.4.37874.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.4.37874
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Abstract: The article is devoted to the scientific development of the problem of a special subject of crime, the composition of violations of the rules of trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The subject of the study is the problem of the subject composition of violations of the rules of trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The author examines in detail the grounds for bringing various categories of persons to criminal responsibility under Article 228.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, analyzes the existing judicial practice and conducts a statistical analysis of the categories of persons brought to criminal responsibility under this article. The necessity of introducing a qualifying feature in Part 2 of this article is justified by analyzing the collected statistical material and theoretical developments. There is also a study of the public danger of crimes committed by persons using their official (official) position. The author examines the current state of the doctrine of criminal law, the arguments of authoritative scientists on the subject under consideration. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the collection and analysis of statistical material by categories of persons brought to criminal responsibility under Article 228.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and its detailed analysis. It is argued that the commission of a crime by an official increases the public danger of such an act, in this regard, the author examines the necessity and validity of fixing the relevant qualifying feature in the text of the norm of Part 2 of Article 228.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author draws the following conclusions: 1) among the subjects of this crime, two groups of persons can be clearly distinguished; 2) it is reasonable to create a qualified corpus delicti for officials. The author also made proposals to improve the legal technique of the domestic criminal law in terms of supplementing Part 2 of Article 228.2 of the Criminal Code with a new qualifying feature.
Keywords: right, qualification of crimes, medical crimes, criminal law, state, public danger, the subject of the crime, drugs, drug trafficking, drug addiction
References:
Belyaev I. Yu. The problem of control systems for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances // Security Issues. - 2022.-No. 1.-P.35-47. DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.37626 [electronic resource], URL: https://e-notabene.ru/nb/article_37626.html (accessed 04/08/2022).
Avetisyan S.S. Complicity in crimes with a special composition: monograph. M.: Moscow, Unity, 2004.
Altunin, T. V. To the question of the subject of the crime provided for by Article 228.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation / T. V. Altunin // Legal Bulletin of the DSU. - 2017. - T. 24. - P. 130-134. – DOI 10.21779/2224-0241-2017-24-4-130-134.
Tokmantsev, D.V. Special signs of the subject of violation of the rules of drug trafficking (Article 228.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) / D.V. Tokmantsev // Criminal Law. - 2016. - No. 4. - P. 77-84.
Altunin T. V. Criminal liability for violation of the rules for the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances: dis. Candidat
Reference:
Kovalev A.A.. The principle of objective truth in the activities of the Prosecutor's Office // Law and Politics. – 2022. – № 2. – P. 1-10. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.2.37455.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.2.37455
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Abstract: The subject of the study are materials of prosecutorial, law enforcement and judicial practice, norms of procedural legislation and legislation on the prosecutor's office regulating these public relations, as well as positions formed on the issue of the essence of the principle of objective truth and its implementation in the activities of the prosecutor's office and the court. The object of research in the article is social relations arising from the implementation of the principle of objective truth in the implementation of supervisory and non-supervisory activities by prosecutors. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the nature of the truth established in the course of law enforcement, the ratio of reliability and probability, as well as the inclusion in the principle of legal assessment of existing facts. В  The principle of objective truth has been given attention in the scientific literature, but this principle has been investigated in relation to the administration of justice. Meanwhile, the implementation of the principle is undoubtedly important in the implementation of prosecutorial and other law enforcement activities, however, it has not been studied before in relation to the activities of the prosecutor's office; this is the novelty of the study. In the course of the study, the views of scientists on the existence of the principle of objective truth, the main aspects of its content were studied, as a result of which the definition of the principle of objective truth in the activities of the prosecutor's office was proposed and the conclusion was formulated that the consolidation of this principle in the Law on the Prosecutor's Office will fill the gaps in the legal regulation of the exercise of prosecutorial powers in other areas of prosecutorial activity and it will prevent the adoption of unreasonable decisions that are possible if this principle is not observed, which, in turn, can lead to a violation of the principle of legality, which is a special contribution of the author to the study of this topic.
Keywords: administration of justice, implementation of supervision, participation in court, the principle of legality, circumstances of the case, The Law on the Prosecutor's Office, powers of the prosecutor, legal assessment, the principle of objective truth, prosecutor
References:
Ergashev E.R. Principles of prosecutorial supervisory and protective law and its institutions: Dis. ... doct. jurid. sciences'. Yekaterinburg, 2008. p. 146.
Official Internet portal of legal information http://www.pravo.gov.ru , (accessed 02.02.2022).
Explanatory Note "To the draft of the new Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation" // SPS Consultant Plus.
Samolin V. Definition of leaving the application without movement // Legality. 2002. N 4. pp. 39-40.
Zhuikov V.M. Judicial reform: problems of access to justice. M.: Statute, 2006. 283 p.
Skoblikov P.A. Intersectoral and intra-sectoral prejudice of sentences and related judicial acts // Law. 2013. N 8. pp. 59-65.
Vaskovsky E.V. Course of civil procedure: Subjects and objects of the process, procedural relations and actions. M.: Statute, 2016. 624 p.
Eliseikin P.F. Subject, principles and subjects of Soviet civil procedural law: Textbook. Yaroslavl, 1980. 44 p .
Report of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian
Reference:
Osipov M.L., Guseva A.A.. Interference of the intervener in contractual relations: means of protecting a bona fide creditor // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 10. – P. 83-98. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.10.36663.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.10.36663
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Abstract: The subject of this article is relations that arise to interference of the third party (intervener) in contractual relations of the parties. The author considers the question of possible means of protecting a bona fide creditor from the actions of an intervener, such as challenging of the transaction consummated between the obligator and the intervener, as well as recovery of tort damages from the intervener for the benefit of a bona fide creditor. The article examines the issues emerging in the context of application of both methods of protection. The conclusion is made on the possibility of use of both methods, in preference to recovery of damages. It is noted that challenging of the transactions allows to equitably redistribute the burden of proof in disputes with a mala fide intervener, while the tort claim implies the possibility of recovering pure economic losses from a mala fide intervener. The authors indicate that the current Russian legislation does not contain dogmatic obstacles for application of such method of protecting a mala fide intervener.
Keywords: unfairness, losses, tort liability, tort, challenging the transaction, interference in legal relations, interventionist, pure economic losses, abuse of rights, bona fide counterparty
References:
Yagel'nitskii A.A. O tendentsiyakh sudebnoi praktiki po delam ob ubytkakh // Zakon. 2019. № 3. S. 47-55.
Fedorov D.V. Interventsiya v chuzhie dogovornye otnosheniya v Germanii. S. 10. URL: https://m-logos.ru/img/Intervenciya_v_chyzie_dogovornie_otnosheniya_Germaniya_M-Logos_Fedorov.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 11.10.2021).
Bogdanov D.E. Vliyanie printsipa spravedlivosti na evolyutsiyu ucheniya o prichinnosti v deliktnoi otvetstvennosti // Advokat. 2012. № 7. S. 5-15.
Serakov V.V. Teoriya adekvatnoi prichinnosti kak sposob ogranicheniya razmera prichinennykh ubytkov // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava. 2014. № 5. S. 233-252.
Abzats 2 punkta 5 Postanovleniya Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 24.03.2016 № 7 «O primenenii sudami nekotorykh polozhenii Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiiskoi Federatsii ob otvetstvennosti za narushenie obyazatel'stv» // Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoi sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus» (data obrashcheniya: 11.10.2021).
Postanovlenie Devyatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyatsionnogo suda ot 24.10.2016 po
Reference:
Trakhov A.I., Beshukova Z.M.. Towards the stability of criminal law: deliberation on certain starting points // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 9. – P. 154-165. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.9.36376.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.9.36376
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to the problem of overcoming imbalance between dynamism and stability of the current criminal legislation. Analysis is conducted on the gradation of amendments to criminal legislation for the period from 1997 to the first half of 2021; this includes the changes in criminal law based on objective reasons, as well as unsubstantiated criminal law novelties. There author determines three scenarios of further development of the national criminal legislation: accelerated (uneven), intensive, and transformational. It is stated that the most optimal choice is the intensive scenario. However, regardless of which scenario would be chosen, the starting point towards the stability of criminal law consists in creation of the adequate conceptual-categorical apparatus of criminal law, namely, the legislative definition of certain evaluative concepts. Based on the examples of case law, the author justifies the expediency of legislative consolidation of the definitions of certain evaluative concepts. The following conclusions were made:
1. Legislative clarification of the scope and content of evaluative concepts requires using the most abstract method for formulation of regulatory directions instead of casuistic method.
2. In the event of practical implementation of the intensive scenario for the development of criminal law, the criminal law norm that contains definitive apparatus should be placed in the new Chapter 13 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and specifically outside the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. This requires the introduction of the new “Conclusive Part”.
3. In the event of practical implementation of the accelerated (uneven) scenario or transformational scenario of the development of criminal law, most optimal is to place the criminal law norm containing the conceptual apparatus solely in the General Part of the Criminal Code.
Keywords: Supreme Court, law enforcement, legal technique, definition, evaluative concept, stability, dynamism, criminal legislation, Constitutional Court, consistency
References:
Trakhov A.I. Dinamizm i stabil'nost' UK RF 1996 g.: sootnoshenie, perspektivy sblizheniya i vliyanie na pravoprimenitel'nuyu praktiku // Progress i preemstvennost' v rossiiskom ugolovnom prave (k 95-letiyu UK RSFSR 1926 g. i 25-letiyu UK RF 1996 g.): materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Krasnodar, 2021. – S. 323–334.
Naumov A.V. Puti reformirovaniya rossiiskogo ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva // Zakony Rossii. 2013. – № 10. – S. 3–11.
Zhuk M.S. Instituty rossiiskogo ugolovnogo prava: ponyatie, sistema i perspektivy razvitiya: avtoref. dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Krasnodar, 2013. – 63 s.
Trakhov A.I., Beshukova Z.M. Administrativnaya preyuditsiya v ugolovnom prave Rossii: voprosy zakonodatel'noi reglamentatsii i pravoprimeneniya // Yuridicheskii vestnik Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2020. – № 1. – S. 41–46.
Poyasnitel'naya zapiska k proektu Federal'nogo zakona «O vnesenii izmenenii v stat'yu 8 Federal'nogo zakona "O vvedenie v deistvie Ug
Reference:
Grigorev I.V.. National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2021-2024: anti-corruption elements of the legal status of civil officers // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 9. – P. 166-175. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.9.36332.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.9.36332
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the normative sources that establish the rights, responsibilities and prohibitions in civil service, as well as the mechanisms for their implementation. The author dwells on the practical issues arising in the context of implementation of anti-corruption legislation associated with the right of the officers to exercise other paid activity, acquire and own securities, responsibility to notify about the possible colliding interests, limitation on the deed of gift due to their professional activities, providing data on income, expenses, property, and real obligations. Special attention is given to certain legal provisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and courts of general jurisdiction related to the peculiarities of the legal status of civil officers. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of the legal issues in regulation of anti-corruption elements of the legal status of civil officers. The main conclusions lies in determination of the gaps and conflicts of legal regulation of such relations. Critical assessment is given to the case law on the appeal of the prosecutors to transfer the property with no evidence that it has been acquired with legitimate income to the income of the Russian Federation. The author formulates recommendations for the improvement of the existing federal legislation on countering corruption in civil service.
Keywords: securities, conflict of interest, legal status, legal regulation, civil servant, public service, anti-corruption measures, corruption, information about income, information about expenses
References:
Poslanie Prezidenta RF Dmitriya Medvedeva Federal'nomu Sobraniyu RF ot 30.11.2010 // Rossiiskaya gazeta. 2010. 01 yanvarya № 271; Poslanie Prezidenta RF Vladimira Putina Federal'nomu Sobraniyu RF ot 03.12.2015 // Rossiiskaya gazeta. 2015. 04 dekabrya. № 275, Poslanie Prezidenta RF Vladimira Putin Federal'nomu sobraniyu RF ot 1.12.2016 // Ofitsial'nyi sait Prezidenta RF: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53379 (data obrashcheniya 20.08.2021) i dr.
Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 16.08.2021 № 478 «O Natsional'nom plane protivodeistviya korruptsii na 2021-2024 gody» // Ofitsial'nyi internet-portal pravovoi informatsii http://pravo.gov.ru, 16.08.2021 (data obrashcheniya 20.08.2021).
Stat'ya 10 Federal'nogo zakona ot 25.12.2008 № 273-FZ «O protivodeistvii korruptsii» (s izm.) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2008. № 52 (ch. 1). St. 6228
Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 01.07.2010 № 821 «O komissiyakh po soblyudeniyu trebovanii k sluzhebnomu povedeniyu federal'nykh gosudarstvennykh sluzhashchikh i uregulirovaniyu
Reference:
Sukhareva K.. The key characteristics of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities: criminological aspect // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 9. – P. 102-117. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.9.36380.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.9.36380
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Abstract: The object of this research is corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities as a separate significant phenomenon from the perspective of criminology. The subject of this research is the norms of international and Russian legislation that regulate the legal status of the representative bodies of municipalities in the Russian Federation, as well as scientific work of the experts in criminology, constitutional, municipal and criminal law, which allow disclosing the key characteristics of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities. The goal of this article lies in formation of holistic view of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities. The task is set to examine and analyze the legislation and scientific literature on the activity of the representative bodies of municipalities and their members (deputies), determine the key attributes of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities, as well as establish this negative sociopolitical and legal phenomenon. The scientific novelty consists in studying the peculiarities of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities, describing the key characteristic features of this phenomenon (sphere of existence, constituencies, scope of objectives), and giving the working definition to the concept of corruption among the representative bodies of municipalities. The acquired results lead to the conclusion that corruption in the representative bodies of municipalities is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that negatively impacts the activity of a particular municipality, as well as the system of local administration overall.
Keywords: member of the representative body, activities of deputies, deputy, characteristic features, corruption, municipalities, representative body, legal status, official, corruption goal
References:
Damm I. A. Korruptsiya v sfere obrazovaniya: ponyatie, kharakternye cherty, formy i vidy // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2016. № 4. S. 5-17.
Shchedrin N. V. O korruptsii, korruptsionerakh i korruptsionnoi vygode // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. 2014. № 3. S. 12-27.
Prigovor Verkhovnogo Suda Udmurtskoi Respubliki № 2-46/2012G ot 28.08.2012. URL: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/iUOaMGgkCtoR/ (data obrashcheniya: 15.07.2021).
Fadeev V. I. K voprosu o deputate predstavitel'nogo organa munitsipal'nogo obrazovaniya kak dolzhnostnom litse i predstavitele vlasti // Lex Russica. 2010. № 6. S. 1261-1275.
Shugrina E. S. Mozhno li munitsipal'nykh deputatov privlekat' k ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti kak dolzhnostnykh lits? Vozmozhnyi otvet Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF // Lobbist. 2010. № 4. S. 41-47.
Yuriya Fedotova na pyat' let vklyuchili v «reestr korruptsionerov». URL: https://ngs55.ru/text/politics/2021/04/03/69847349/ (data obrashcheniya: 13.08.2021).
Prigovor Sergievo-Posadskogo gorodskogo s
Reference:
Derevyagina O.E.. Interpretation of certain aspects of criminal restriction of competition // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 7. – P. 48-58. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.7.36074.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.7.36074
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the norms of antimonopoly legislation aimed at prevention and suppression of cartels, the norms of tax legislation that define the income and establish special tax regime for professional income, the norms of the Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the draft federal law on amendments to the Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and practical implementation of the Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The goal of this research is to examine the concept of income derived by the cartel; establish whether self-employed citizens can be the subject of an offence under this category, and clarify the criminal responsibility of the parties to the cartel agreement. The novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to examine the question of attributing the individuals conducting business activity under the special “Professional Income Tax” regime (self-employed citizens) to economic entities (i.e., parties to the cartel agreement). The effective legislation indicates that self-employed citizens do not belong to this group, as they are not state registered. A substantiation is made that a conscious neglect or an indifference to such socially dangerous consequence as income unfeasible: the cartel agreement is aimed at derivation of sizeable income. A consciously indifferent attitude is possible only towards such socially dangerous consequence as infliction of considerable damage. The field of application of acquired results is the activity of law enforcement agencies.
Keywords: subjective side, conspiracy, self-employed, limiting competition, competition, cartel agreement, income, antitrust law, criminal law prohibition, criminal law
References:
O rassmotrenii obrashcheniya: pis'mo FAS Rossii ot 15.04.2021 № ATs/30387/21.
Ugolovnyi kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii : federal'nyi zakon ot 13.06.1996 № 64-FZ «O vvedenii v deistvie Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiiskoi Federatsii» (red. ot 30.12.2020) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii. – 1996. – № 25. – St. 2954.
Statisticheskie svedeniya GIATs MVD Rossii za 2015–2020 gg. Forma 491. Razdel 8. [Elektronnyi resurs]. – URL: https://mvd.rf/ Deljatelnost/statistics.
Shishko, I. V. Prestupnoe ogranichenie konkurentsii (chast' 1 stat'i 178 UK RF): priznaki ob''ektivnoi storony / I. V. Shishko, O. E. Derevyagina // Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal. – 2017. – T. 11. – № 3. – S. 551–561.
Nalogovyi kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii (chast' pervaya): federal'nyi zakon ot 31.07.1998 № 146-FZ (red. ot 06.06.2019) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 1998. № 31. St. 3824.
Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya po bukhgalterskomu uchetu «Dokhody organizatsii» PBU 9/99: prikaz Minfina Ros
Reference:
Losev S.G., Morozov V.I.. The impact of administrative prejudice upon the content of penal prohibition // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 6. – P. 99-115. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.6.35631.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.6.35631
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Abstract: The object of this research is the legal relations arising in the context of implementation of the norms of criminal law of the Russian Federation that establish liability for repeated administrative offenses. The subject of this research is the practice of application the criminal law norms of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods that regulate the institution of administrative prejudice, and acts of interpretation of the Russian Constitution, in which the Supreme Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation deals with the problems of the use of separate articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that contain the norms with administrative prejudice, and parts of interrelation between the institutions of administrative prejudice and recurrence of offenses. The subject of this research is also justification of existence the institution of administrative prejudice in the national criminal law, main flaws in interpretation of the articles that describe the norms of the institution of administrative prejudice in the text of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Taking into consideration all shortcomings in interpretation of the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the author offers unified definition of the composition with administrative prejudice. It is suggested to reintroduce the concept of recurrent offense in the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the fact of administrative liability, outstanding criminal record, or criminal record that has not been expunged. The case if the legislator deems it necessary to take into account not identical, but homogeneous recurrence should be stipulated in the note to the article of the Special Part. The author also offers to include the Article 16.1 into the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the following wording: “The repeated offense is considered an act committed by a person who has previously been subjected to administrative penalty for similar type of offense, unless stipulated otherwise in the corresponding articles of the Special Part of the effective Code”.
Keywords: Criminal liability, Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Criminalization, Criminal policy, Repeated crimes, Administrative prejudice, Prejudice, Administrative responsibility, Criminal violence, Public danger
References:
Kalis E.B. Administrativnaya preyuditsiya v ugolovnom prave.//Ugolovnoe pravo, ugolovnyi zakon: teoriya i praktika: sbornik nauchnykh statei. Sankt Peterburg. 2017. S.115.
Demidov Yu.A. Sotsial'naya tsennost' i otsenka v ugolovnom prave.-M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1975. S.68.
Frizen P.D. Administrativno-pravovoe preduprezhdenie otdel'nykh vidov prestuplenii: Diss. ... kand. yurid. nauk.Barnaul, 2004. S. 12-14.
Yakushin V.A. Administrativnaya preyuditsiya v ugolovnom prave // Vestnik Volzhskogo universiteta imeni V.N. Tatishcheva. 2015. № 4(83). S. 136.
Korotkov A.V. Eremina N.V. Vosstanovlenie administrativnoi preyuditsii v ugolovnom zakonodatel'stve Rossii// Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo yuridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii.2016. № 2. T.2. S. 225
Po delu o proverke konstitutsionnosti polozhenii stat'i 212.1 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiiskoi Federatsii v svyazi s zhaloboi grazhdanina I.I. Dadina: postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 10 fevralya 2017 g. № 2-P //[Elektronnyi resurs] URL:ht
Reference:
Malimonova M.A.. Notes as a method of legislative technique and their importance for regulation of the institution of conviction record // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 4. – P. 36-49. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.4.35334.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.4.35334
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the criminal law provisions on notes as a component of legislative technique and their importance for achieving such goals. The author explores the existing approaches towards the definition of the concept and essence of notes, as well as their classification. Special attention is given to the only note from the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – note to Article 73, which pertains to the institution of conviction record. The goal of this work is to determine the essence and importance of the note for the development of criminal law norms dedicated to the institution of conviction record. The methodological framework of this research is comprised on the general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison), formal-legal and systematic methods, as well as the relevant case law. As a result, the author formulates the definition of the concept of notes, indicates its correlation with the criminal law norm, lists the basic types of notes used in criminal law, and describes their role. The analysis of the provisions of the Article 73 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the notes to the Article 73 revealed the new problems in legislative regulation of suspended sentence and conviction records, which prompted the author to explore these issues and offer solutions. Clarification is given to the definition of “convicts” provided in the Paragraphs “a” and “a.1” of the Part 1 of the Article 73 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Substantiation is given to the role of convict record as a separate circumstance that prevents imposition of suspended sentence. The author indicates the fact of various interpretation of the concept of “crimes against sexual integrity of minors” mentioned in the note to the Article 73 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and in the construct of the qualifying element for a number of offences of the Article 18 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as substantiates inexpediency of unification of this definition. The scientific novelty consists in proposing the new wording for the purposes of the Article 18 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which the author believes should be enshrined in the new note to the Article 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: sexual integrity of minors, crimes, the condemned, conditional sentence, criminal record, legal rule, criminal law, legislative technique, note, sexual freedom of minors
References:
Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Tolkovyi slovar' russkogo yazyka. 4-e izdanie, dopolnennoe. 80 000 slov i frazeologicheskikh vyrazhenii. M., 1999. 944 s.
Boldyrev S. N. Yuridicheskaya tekhnika: teoretiko-pravovoi analiz: diss. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Rostov-na-Donu, 2014. 468 s.
Tikhonova S. S. Yuridicheskaya tekhnika v ugolovnom prave: kurs lektsii. Nizhnii Novgorod: Dekom, 2008. 243 s.
Pan'ko K. K. Primechaniya kak netipichnoe sredstvo ugolovnogo normotvorchestva // Sovremennoe pravo. 2005. № 11. C. 66-70.
Rubanova S. M. Primechaniya k stat'yam Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiiskoi Federatsii: ponyatie, znachenie i vidy: avtoref. diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. Krasnodar, 2011. 20 c.
Pan'ko K. K. Osnovy zakonodatel'noi tekhniki v ugolovnom prave Rossii: teoriya i zakonodatel'naya praktika: diss. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Voronezh, 2006. 429 c.
Knyaz'kov A. A. Konstruirovanie i primenenie pooshchritel'nykh norm v sfere ugolovno-pravovogo regulirovaniya ekonomicheskoi deyatel'nosti: voprosy teorii i praktiki
Reference:
Sungurova E.D.. Criminal liability for illegal implementation of medical and pharmaceutical activity: comparative analysis of legislation of the post-Soviet states // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 2. – P. 35-45. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.2.34935.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.2.34935
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Abstract: The goal of this research consists in comparison of the normative legal acts that regulate the questions of criminal liability for illegal implementation of medical and pharmaceutical activity in Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Russian Federation. The article employs the general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, generalization. For identification of differences in the content of the corresponding legal norms, the author applies the comparative legal method, which consists in comparative analysis of the normative legal acts of the post-Soviet states. The research materials contain the norms of criminal law, as well as normative legal acts in the sphere of licensing. The novelty of this work consists in the fact that pursuit of ways to improve the national criminal law, the author assesses the possibilities of reception of certain provisions of the foreign legislation. The article explores the approaches towards systematization of crimes for illegal conduct of medical and pharmaceutical activity in the Criminal Code. The conclusion is made on the three approaches of the legislators towards establishment of origin of the object of crime. Analysis is performed on the current state of the practice of constructing criminal law sanctions of the norms on liability for illegal implementation of medical and pharmaceutical activity. The common feature of the Russian, Belarusian, Armenian, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, and Kyrgyz law consists in imposition of a fine as the basic punishment. The size of penalties are compared. It is proposed to expand the sanction of the Article 235 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with an additional penalty in form of revocation of right to hold a certain post or conduct a particular activity for a certain period of time.
Keywords: license, punishment, medical services, pharmaceutical activities, medical activities, criminal liability, crimes, the health of the population, fine, deprivation of liberty
References:
Azykova Zh.M. Klassifikatsiya prestuplenii v sfere meditsinskogo obsluzhivaniya po zakonodatel'stvu Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki // URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/klassifikatsiya-prestupleniy-v-sfere-meditsinskogo-obsluzhivaniya-po-zakonodatelstvu-kyrgyzskoy-respubliki (data obrashcheniya: 24.01.2021). - S. 62-65.
Antonova E.Yu. Meditsinskie ugolovnye pravonarusheniya po ugolovnomu zakonodatel'stvu respubliki Kazakhstan // Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' meditsinskikh rabotnikov: voprosy teorii i praktiki. Sbornik statei po materialam Vserossiiskogo nauchno-prakticheskogo kruglogo stola: 3 marta 2017 g. // Severo-Zapadnye filial FGBOUVO «Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi universitet pravosudiya» / Pod obshch.red. E.N. Rakhmanovoi, doktora yuridicheskikh nauk, dotsenta. – SPb: ID «Petropolis», 2017. - S. 25.
Ugolovnyi kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan // URL: https://online.zakon.kz/m/document?doc_id=31575252#sub_id=2140000 (data obrashcheniya: 17.12.2020).
Normativnoe postanovlenie Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Kaz
Reference:
Andreechev I.S.. Correlation between unification and differentiation of anti-corruption regulation with regards to public officials // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 2. – P. 46-60. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.2.35116.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.2.35116
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Abstract: The subject of this research is critical analysis of the differences and similarities of anti-corruption measures established by legislation on corruption prevention in relation to different categories of public officials. A comparison of such positions held is carried out. The goal of this work consists in the assessment of anti-corruption requirements, restrictions, prohibitions, and obligations imposed on various officials, as well as in determination of whether they should be differentiated or unified. The author examines the impact of unification and differentiation upon the development of anti-corruption legislation, and makes proposals on the improvement of anti-corruption regulation. The article employs formal-legal, systemic, and comparative methods. The conclusion is made that the optimal mechanism for anti-corruption regulation should be based on a combination of differentiation and unification with prevalence of the latter. The need for differentiation of anti-corruption restrictions and mechanisms for their implementation should be substantiated by the peculiarities of the status of category of a public official. All amendments to anti-corruption legislation should be examined from the perspective of application of unification requirement, as well as any differentiation should be justified. The acquired results allow formulating recommendations for the improvement of legislation on corruption prevention. For systematization of legislation and its analysis for appropriate application of differentiation or unification of anti-corruption regulation, the author offers an algorithm for assessing substantive and procedural anti-corruption regulation.
Keywords: corruption offenses, obligations, requirements, prohibitions, public official, restrictions, differentiation, unification, anti-corruption regulation, anti-corruption
References:
Sheverdyaev S. N. Sistemnaya korruptsiya kak problema nauki konstitutsionnogo prava: obsuzhdenie voprosa na yuridicheskom fakul'tete MGU imeni M.V. Lomonosova // Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. 2016. № 9. S. 10 – 16.
Chernogor N. N., Zaloilo M. V., Ivanyuk O. A. Rol' eticheskikh i nravstvennykh norm v obespechenii soblyudeniya zapretov, ogranichenii i trebovanii, ustanovlennykh v tselyakh protivodeistviya korruptsii // Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava. 2017. № 9. S. 131 – 141.
Kozlov T. L. Perspektivy razvitiya rossiiskogo zakonodatel'stva o protivodeistvii korruptsii // Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava. 2020. № 5S. 158 – 166.
Konstitutsionno-pravovye osnovy antikorruptsionnykh reform v Rossii i za rubezhom: uchebno-metodicheskii kompleks (uchebnoe posobie) / S.A. Avak'yan, O.I. Bazhenova, O.A. Ezhukova i dr.; otv. red. S.A. Avak'yan. M.: Yustitsinform, 2016. 568 s.
Bratanovskii S. N., Zelenov M. F. Neobkhodimost' sistemnogo podkhoda k protivodeistviyu korruptsii na gosudarstvennoi i munitsipal'noi
Reference:
Paukova Y.V.. On the need to reform the Institution of undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens in Russia in the conditions of digitalization // Law and Politics. – 2021. – № 1. – P. 23-33. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.1.34942.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2021.1.34942
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the legislative provisions on undesirability stay (residence) of foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russia, as well as the established law enforcement practice. The object this research is the social relations developed in the process of rendering decisions by the federal executive authorities on undesirability of stay (residence) and their enforcement. The goal of this work consists in formulation of recommendations on reforming the institution of undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russia in the conditions of digitalization of the government actions. The article examines the grounds for making decisions on undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens in Russia, the powers of the departments, and the consequences of decisions made on foreign citizens and stateless persons. Substantiation is made on the need for changes in the grounds for decision-making on undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens in Russia. The author proposes the development and implementation of the “Automated System of Migration Control” using the advanced computer technologies based on the “rating” of a foreign citizen or stateless person. Such system will determine the period for restricting entry with consideration of all circumstances pertaining to the individual and crimes they committed. It is recommended to legislate the possibility of annulment of a decision on undesirability of stay (if the grounds thereof no longer exist) or suspension (if, for example, a stateless person has been issued a “temporary identification document of a stateless person”).
Keywords: administrative and legal regulation, reforming, migration, automated system, digitalization, stateless persons, deportation, foreign citizens, closure of entry, undesirability of stay
References:
Poryadok prinyatiya resheniya o prodlenii libo sokrashchenii sroka vremennogo prebyvaniya inostrannogo grazhdanina ili litsa bez grazhdanstva v Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Elektronnyi resurs] : prikaz MVD Rossii ot 18 dek. 2017 g. № 933 // Ofitsial'nyi internet-portal pravovoi informatsii http://www.pravo.gov.ru, 23.01.2018. Dostup iz spav.–pravovoi sistemy «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Zakonoproekt № 948528-7 «O vnesenii izmenenii v Federal'nyi zakon «O pravovom polozhenii inostrannykh grazhdan v Rossiiskoi Federatsii» i otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiiskoi Federatsii v chasti uregulirovaniya pravovogo statusa lits bez grazhdanstva». Vnesen v Gosudarstvennuyu Dumu 25 aprelya 2020 g. Pravitel'stvom Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Elektronnyi resurs] // Sistema obespecheniya zakonodatel'noi deyatel'nosti Gosudarstvennoi avtomatizirovannoi sistemy «Zakonotvorchestvo». URL: http://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/948528-7 (data obrashcheniya: 23.01.2021).
O pravovom polozhenii inostrannykh grazhdan v Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Elektronn
Reference:
Lekanova E.E.. Legal status of the underage parents in German, Austrian, Swiss, and Russian legislation: comparative analysis // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 12. – P. 1-14. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.32408.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.32408
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal norms on the status of underage parents. Custody of a child of underage parents is regulated by special rules in Russia and abroad. The Russian legal model of child custody of underage parents is yet to be established. Unlike the countries of Germanic legal group (Germany, Switzerland, and Austria), the legislation of which features detailed description of the legal status of underage parents, the Russian legislation requires further improvement in this regard. Application of the method of comparative jurisprudence allowed determining the common and distinctive characteristics in the legal status of underage parents in German, Austrian, Swiss, and Russian legislation. The common feature for all aforementioned legislations consists in automatic removal of custody of a child of an underage parent when such parent attains the age of majority. In the author’s opinion, the best model of child custody (with regards to a child of underage parents who have reached the age of 16) is German model: an underage parent with partial civil capacity and a guardian both have rights to participate in parenting of a child, while guardian is the only legal representative of a child of an underage parent (in case if a child has no parents of the age of majority).
Keywords: guardianship, Austrian legislation, actual care, Swiss legislation, parental care, German legislation, civil legal capacity, minor parents, Russian legislation, parental rights
References:
Demograficheskiy ezhegodnik Rossii. 2019: Stat. sb. M., 2019. 252 c.
Daten der Lebendgeborenen nach Altersgruppen der Mütter für die Jahre 2014 bis 2018 in Deutschland // URL: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Geburten/Tabellen/lebendgeborene-alter.html;jsessionid=4BA53ECF27B4E83ACA0260B5810A68A1.internet712 (data obrashcheniya: 25.01.2020)
Geburten nach Lebensfähigkeit und Alter der Mutter in der Schweiz // URL: https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/geburten-todesfaelle/geburten.assetdetail.8926308.html (data obrashcheniya: 25.01.2020)
Anzahl der Lebendgeborenen in Österreich von 2008 bis 2018 // URL: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/687254/umfrage/geburten-in-oesterreich/ (data obrashcheniya: 25.01.2020)
Alter der Mütter bei allen Geburten in 2017 in Österreich // URL: https://www.oif.ac.at › fileadmin › user_upload › p_oif › FiZ › fiz_2018 (data obrashcheniya: 25.01.2020)
Alter der Mütter bei allen Geburt
Reference:
Komarov A.A.. The results of assorted research on the questions of dynamics of victimization from Internet fraud in the Russian Federation (2010-2019) // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 12. – P. 15-33. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.32966.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.12.32966
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Abstract: The object of this research is the process of victimization of population of the Russian Federation from Internet fraud in the period from 2010 to 2019. The subject of this research is a number of criminological indicators that characterize the dynamics of victimization and criminal victimization. Using the empirical data, the author determines the actual number of the Internet fraud victims; built a retrospective model of development of this process based on calculation of the average annual rate of growth; increases awareness on the dynamics of the number of victims until 2013. The conclusion is made on the growing scope of victimization, which according to the data of assorted research of 2013-2019 carries an exponential function. Each three years the total number of victims doubles, which continues to grow since 2012 (associated with the reform of criminal legislation aimed at identification of the additional types of fraud using computer technologies). This pattern was used for structuring the projection models of victimization of users of the Russian segment of the Internet until 2021 (inclusively). The results of additional assorted research of 2020 demonstrate that only in 20% of cases the damage from Internet fraud exceeds 1,000 rubles. In accordance of the principle of recurrence of the Internet fraud, the structure of victimization is as follows: 52% are the victims of such crimes in recent year; 1/3 of respondents were the victims in previous years, but not in recent year; and only 13% became the victims in past years and recent year.  
Keywords: Internet, crime, dynamics, victim of crime, victimization, victimology, criminology, fraud, computer crime, survey
References:
Zubkov I. Rossiya oboshla Evropu po kartam // Rossiyskaya gazeta. - 2019. - № 223(7981) – S.11.
Indikatory tsifrovoy ekonomiki: 2019: statisticheskiy sbornik / G. I. Abdrakhmanova, K. O. Vishnevskiy, L. M. Gokhberg i dr.; Nats. issled. un-t «Vysshaya shkola ekonomiki». – M.: NIU VShE, 2019. – 248 s.
Ob'em uslug v sfere telekommunikatsiy (po dannym Minkomsvyazi) / Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstven-noy statistiki (ofits. sayt) URL: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b20_01/isswww.exe/stg/d02/2-1-8.doc
Rivman, D. V. Kriminal'naya viktimologiya. / D. V. Rivman. – SPb. : Piter, 2002. – 304 s.
Tsifrovoe Pravitel'stvo 2020. Perspektivy dlya Rossii. Doklad Vsemirnogo banka, aprel' 2016 / The World Bank Group (ofits. sayt) URL: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/473131460040867925/Digital-Government-Russia-2020-RUS.pdf
Foynitskiy I.Ya. Moshennichestvo po russkomu pravu. S-Pb., 1871. – 553 s.
Komarov A.A. Issledovanie po voprosu opredeleniya ob'ema general'noy sovokupnosti zhertv moshennichestva, sovershennogo posredstvom global'noy komp'yutern
Reference:
Solomko Z.. The rule of law vs the archaization of law (on the specificity of legal form of the dependent peripheral capitalism) // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 11. – P. 41-56. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.11.34699.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.11.34699
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the phenomenon of archaization of legal form, which is reflected multiple modern legal systems, including the legal system of modern Russia. The author believes that the state of current Russian legal order testifies to the downfall of one of the declared goals of Russia’s policy of the last three decades – establishment of the so-called rule of law; while the general academic theory of law has not yet formulated a precise understanding of the corresponding processes, as fearing to go beyond the scope of certain ideological boundaries, it first and foremost deals with the formally due than with actually essential. Archaization in the legal systems of modern countries is the revival of the forms of law, legal practice and legal consciousness that are inherent to the pre-capitalist societies. The thesis is substantiated that the process of archaization of law and legal form as a whole, should be considered as one of the objectively determined development patterns and functionality of the societies of dependent peripheral capitalism. The article reviews the objective prerequisites for this phenomenon: its conditionality by socioeconomic relations (preservation of the elements of other production methods in terms of peripheral capitalism), inequality in distribution of the key social resources, and specific social-class structure of the corresponding societies. The general definition of archaization of legal form acquires more precise contours when the author turns to the realities of modern Russian legal order.
Keywords: social inequality, legal consciousness, legal ideology, customary law, peripheral capitalism, capitalism, the rule of law, legal order, archaization of law, socialism
References:
Ruvinskiy R. Z. Pravoporyadok v period global'nogo krizisa: transformatsii, tendentsii, ugrozy. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2020. 350 s.
Permyakov Yu. E. Primitivnyy sub'ekt prava: vvedenie v morfologiyu pravovoy kul'tury // Problema pravosub'ektnosti: sovremennye interpretatsii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauch.-prakt. konf. 25 fevralya 2011 g, Samara. Vyp. 9. Samara: Samar. gumanit. akad., 2011. S. 3-9.
Permyakov Yu. E. Pravo v tochke peresecheniya parallel'nykh mirov // Sovremennye podkhody k ponimaniyu prava i ikh vliyanie na razvitie otraslevoy yuridicheskoy nauki, zakonodatel'stva i pravoprimenitel'noy praktiki: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Minsk.: Akademiya MVD, 2017. S. 195.
Karnaushenko L. V. Tendentsii arkhaizatsii transformiruyushchegosya rossiyskogo obshchestva i problema kriminalizatsii // Obshchestvo i pravo. 2016. № 2 (56). S. 10-14.
Akhiezer A. S. Arkhaizatsiya v rossiyskom obshchestve kak metodologicheskaya problema // Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2001. № 2. S. 89-100.
Achkasov V. A. «Vzryvayushchayasya arkhaichnost'»: traditsionalizm v politichesk
Reference:
Popov A.A.. On the improvement of work management in authorities of the prosecutor's office on consideration of complaints of the parties to criminal proceedings against actions (or inaction) and decisions of the investigator and the prosecutor // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 10. – P. 1-9. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.10.34209.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.10.34209
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Abstract: This article raises the questions on the improvement of work management in the prosecutorial branches on consideration of complaints of the parties to criminal proceedings against actions (or inaction) and decisions of the investigator and the prosecutor. Analysis is conducted on the existing in the prosecutor’s office procedure of pretrial dispute, which legislative consolidation is associated with usage of the term “superior prosecutor”. The subject of this research is the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, executive documents of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation and prosecutor's offices of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as scientific literature on the topic at hand. The conclusion is made that the current legislation and the established law enforcement practice assume on the recurrent appeal on the same instance of violation of law within a single prosecutorial branch, and thus do not effectively protect the rights and legitimate interests of the parties involved in the criminal procedure sphere. For this reason, the author makes recommendations on the amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation aimed at adjustment of the procedure of consideration of complaints of the parties to criminal proceedings, which would ensure their resolution within the framework of a single prosecutorial branch in a single instance.
Keywords: participant in criminal proceedings, investigator, lower-level prosecutor, prosecutor, higher prosecutor, criminal proceedings, consideration of complaints, consideration of requests, organization of work, prosecutor's office
References:
Shagarova M.N. Vyshestoyashchiy prokuror kak uchastnik ugolovnogo protsessa pri rassmotrenii khodataystv sledovatelya, doznavatelya ob otmene resheniya prokurora o vozvrashchenii ugolovnogo dela // Zakonnost'. 2018. № 8. S. 41-46
Proekt Federal'nogo zakona № 1024646-7 «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal'nyy zakon «O prokurature Rossiyskoy Federatsii» (okonchatel'naya red., prinyataya GD FS RF 22.10.2020) // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus»;
Mullagaleeva L.R. K voprosu o rasshirenii polnomochiy sledovatelya pri obzhalovanii resheniy prokurora o vozvrashchenii ugolovnogo dela dlya proizvodstva dopolnitel'nogo sledstviya // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2019. № 6. S. 39-43;
Kudryashova A.V. Organizatsionnye aspekty deyatel'nosti prokurorov v svete rekomendatsiy organov Soveta Evropy (chast' 2) // Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2019. T. 25. № 2. S. 229-232;
Prikaz prokurora g. Sankt-Peterburga ot 30.05.2017 № 74 «O poryadke rassmotreniya obrashcheniy i priema grazhdan v organakh prokuratury Sankt-Peterburga». URL: http://procspb.ru/uploads/act/
Reference:
Volkova M.A.. Determinants of corruption crime in the area of state (municipal) procurement // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 9. – P. 189-205. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.9.33664.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.9.33664
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the norms of international and domestic legislation on state (municipal) procurement and corruption prevention, as well as the scientific works on the determinants of corruption crime in this field. The goal consists in identification of the subjective and objective determinants of corruption crime in the area of state and municipal procurement. The author sets a task to analyze and generalize the established within scientific literature approaches towards explanation of the determinants of corruption crime in the indicated sphere, as well as to systematize such determinants by content and origin. The scientific novelty consists in systematization and generalization of scientific knowledge on the determinants of corruption crime in the area of state (municipal) procurement. The author explores subjective and objective determinants of corruption crime in this field, and based on their content, reveals the socio-psychological, socio-economic, political, legal and organizational-administrative determinants of corruption crime in the area of state (municipal) procurement. The conclusion is made that due to continuous reform in the corresponding legislation in this area, as well as the instability of socioeconomic situation for ensuring the prompt adaptability of the system of corruption prevention in area of state (municipal) procurement, it is necessary to provided regular monitoring of the determinants of such type of crime.
Keywords: state procurements, corruption crime, corruption, crime, factors, conditions, causes, determinants, municipal procurements, prevention
References:
Ter-Ovsepyan S. V. Ushcherb ot korruptsii v sfere gosudarstvennykh zakupok // Politematicheskiy setevoy elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2014. № 104. S. 1966–1975.
O protivodeystvii korruptsii : Federal'nyy zakon ot 25.12.2008 № 273-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2008. № 52. Ch. 1. St. 6228.
Nomokonov V. A. Prichiny prestupnosti v sovremennoy Rossii: problema obostryaetsya // Vserossiyskiy kriminologicheskiy zhurnal. 2017. T. 11. № 2. S. 247–257.
Konventsiya OON «Protiv korruptsii» 2003 g. [Elektron. resurs]: URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/corruption.shtml.
O Natsional'nom plane protivodeystviya korruptsii na 2018-2020 gody: Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 29 iyun. 2018 № 378 // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2018. № 27. St. 4038.
O kontraktnoy sisteme v sfere zakupok tovarov, rabot, uslug dlya obespecheniya gosudarstvennykh i munitsipal'nykh nuzhd: Federal'nyy zakon ot 05 apr. 2013 g. № 44-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2013. № 14.
Reference:
Ryzhov A.N.. Criminal law characteristics of unlawful acts in a bankruptcy of an individual who does not have the status of an entrepreneur // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 9. – P. 65-80. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.9.33905.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.9.33905
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Abstract:  
The object of this research is public relations established within the framework of commission of unlawful actions in case of bankruptcy of a citizen (the Article 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The subject of this research is the norms set by the Article 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Chapter X of Bankruptcy Act, case law, resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on bankruptcy of the citizens, scientific works on the topic. The goal of this article consists in formulation of the scientifically substantiated recommendations for improving criminal legislation provisions that establish responsibility for committing unlawful actions in case of bankruptcy of a citizen, as well as their practical implementation. The scientific novelty consists in differentiation of the unlawful actions in case of bankruptcy of a legal entity, individual entrepreneur, and a citizen who does not have the status of an individual entrepreneur, based on the fact that these actions impinge on various public relations. Unlawful actions in case of bankruptcy of a citizen are viewed as separate offence. An original definition of the direct object of unlawful actions in case of bankruptcy of a citizen is provided. In accordance with bankruptcy law and acts of its interpretation the author determines substantial differences between the content of constituent elements of the object, actions and circumstances of unlawful actions in case of bankruptcy of a citizen established by the Parts 1 and 3 of the Article 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the wrongful actions in case of bankruptcy of the legal entity. Specific recommendations are formulated on introducing amendments to the Part 2 of the Article 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Leaning on the analysis of statistical data and case law, the author concludes on the need for adopting a resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on criminal bankruptcies, the draft of which may take into account the results obtained in this research.
 
Keywords: object of crime, criminal liability, qualification of crimes, insolvency, criminal bankruptcy, individual bankruptcy, bankruptcy, consumer bankruptcy, financial manager, economic crimes
References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 29.12.2014 № 476-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal'nyy zakon «O nesostoyatel'nosti (bankrotstve)» i otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii v chasti regulirovaniya reabilitatsionnykh protsedur, primenyaemykh v otnoshenii grazhdanina-dolzhnika» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2015. № 1 (chast' I). St. 29.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 26.10.2002 № 127-FZ «O nesostoyatel'nosti (bankrotstve)» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2002. № 43. St. 4190.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 29.06.2015 № 154-FZ «Ob uregulirovanii osobennostey nesostoyatel'nosti (bankrotstva) na territoriyakh Respubliki Krym i goroda federal'nogo znacheniya Sevastopolya i o vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2015. № 27. St. 3945.
Statisticheskiy byulleten' EFRSB na 30 iyunya 2020 goda / URL: https://fedresurs.ru/news/42cab277-3328-4c2f-bbcd-ac728d3e1abc (data obrashcheniya: 13.09.2020).
Otchet o rabote arbitrazhnykh sudov sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii po rassmotreniyu del o b
Reference:
Ksendzov Y.. Preventative measures in form of a restriction of certain actions, collateral, and house arrest: questions of their correlation and practices of application // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 8. – P. 67-84. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.8.33533.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.8.33533
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the norms of criminal procedure legislation regulating the application of preventative measures in criminal proceedings, as well as court decisions made on the basis of the results of processing applications on selection of preventative measures. Based examination of law enforcement practice, the expert observations and proposals in scientific literature, the author carefully analyzes the flaws of the current system of preventative measures in the criminal procedure, problematic aspects of correlation of restriction of certain actions, collateral, house arrest, as well as separate restriction, imposition of which upon a suspect (accused) is allowable in accordance with Part 6 of the Article 105.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made that the current system of preventative measures is not perfect, and practical application of various preventative measures reveals the formality of the established hierarchical structure of preventative measures in the criminal procedure legislation from soft to a more strict form. Analysis of case law demonstrates the it is often impossible to clearly and unambiguously demarcate the measures of prevention on form of a restriction of certain actions and collateral, restriction of certain actions and house arrest, which leads the author to conclude on the reasonableness of regulation of restriction of certain actions as another form of procedural compulsion.
Keywords: prohibitions, prohibition of certain actions, pledge, house arrest, preventive measures, criminal proceedings, procedural compulsion, suspect, accused, judgment
References:
Apellyatsionnoe postanovlenie Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Adygeya ot 19.12.2019 № 22K-933/2019 po delu № 3/3-23/2019 [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/HjEtJwSuuBdc/ (data obrashcheniya 02.06.2020).
Apellyatsionnoe postanovlenie Verkhovnogo Suda Respubliki Krym ot 25.12.2019 № 22K-3778/2019 po delu № 3/12-191/2019 [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/Q2a1sdZUEDrK/ (data obrashcheniya 02.06.2020).
Apellyatsionnoe postanovlenie Verkhovnogo Suda Kabardino-balkarskoy Respubliki ot 16.12.2019 № 22K-1137/2019 po delu № 3/1-12/2019 [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/noY5OndKNAZ8/ (data obrashcheniya 26.05.2020).
Apellyatsionnoe postanovlenie Voronezhskogo oblastnogo suda ot 25.11.2019 № 22K-2821/2019 po delu № 22K-2821/2019 [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/6dTtCREoXoJT/ (data obrashcheniya 26.04.2020).
Apellyatsionnoe postanovlenie Stavropol'skogo kraevogo suda ot 25.12.2019 № 22K-6846/2019 po delu № 3/1-142/2019 [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL
Reference:
Sheirenov Z.N.. Grounds for finding a legal entity to be the subject of criminal liability for corruption crimes // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 7. – P. 92-104. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.7.32962.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.7.32962
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Abstract: The object of this research is the question of criminal liability of a legal entity for corruption crimes. The subject of this research is the theoretical views of the scholars upon legal nature of a legal entity, as well as the experience of foreign countries in which legal entity is a subject of criminal liability. The author explores the field experience of foreign countries, in which legislation establishes the institution of collective liability for socially dangerous acts committed by private entities. The article also analyzes different perspectives of Russian scholars upon the nature of collective institution and its vicarious liability for the acts of private entities. The scientific novelty consists in turning attention to the fundamentals of the theory and other branches of law, in which a legal entity is full subject of legal relations, and along with the rights and responsibilities, possesses a tort law’s capacity. It is concluded that legal entity has all essential characteristics of the subject of law for its recognition as a subject of criminal liability. The author also notes the effectiveness and necessity of the institution of legal liability of a legal entity in the national legislation as a productive criminal law instrument for countering corruption.  
Keywords: international obligations of the state, legal entity's will, fiction theory, anti-corruption, collective education responsibility, criminal subject, legal entity, the fault, legal entity fault, guilty harm
References:
Piontkovskiy A. A. Kurs sovetskogo ugolovnogo prava. T. 2. M., 1970 S. 215
Nikiforov B. S., Reshetnikov F. M. Sovremennoe amerikanskoe ugolovnoe pravo. M., 1990. S. 53.
Sovetskoe grazhdanskoe pravo. M., 1965. T. 1. S.127.
Trubetskoy E.N. Entsiklopediya prava. M., 1908 S. 173.
Bartoshek M. Rimskoe pravo: ponyatiya, terminy, opredeleniya / Per. s cheshskogo. M., 1989. S. 430.
Novitskiy I.B. Rimskoe pravo: uchebnik. M., 2009. S. 76.
Digesty Yustiniana. Kn. 34, tit. 5, otr. 20.
Suvorov N. Ob yuridicheskikh litsakh po rimskomu pravu. Izd. 2-e. M., 1900. S. 48.
Novitskiy I.B. Osnovy rimskogo grazhdanskogo prava. M., 1972. S. 72-73.
Kozlova N.V. Ponyatie i sushchnost' yuridicheskogo litsa. Ocherk istorii i teorii. M., 2003. S. 43.
Fedorov A.V. Vedenie ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti yuridicheskikh lits kak sostavlyayushchaya protivodeystviya korruptsii // Vestnik Vladimirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta. 2014. №3(32) S. 109-110.
Mikhaylov V.I. Nuzhna li ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' yuridicheskikh lits v Rossiyskoy Federatsii? // Ugolovno-prav
Reference:
Nagornov K.I.. Criminal record with imposed corrective measures: critical analysis of the concept regulated by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus // Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 2. – P. 8-22. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.2.32126.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.2.32126
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Abstract: This article makes emphasis on critical analysis of the concept establishing legal consequences of the institution of criminal record with imposed corrective measures, set by the criminal law of the Republic of Belarus, for the purposes of resolving the question of its possible implementation in the Russian criminal legislation. The subject of this research is the separate positions of the criminal law of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus regulating the institution of compulsory corrective measures alongside application of norms comprising this institution by the courts of these states, as well as scientific views of the Russian and Belarus doctrine dedicated to the indicated institution and the order of its implementation and consequences therein. The author provides critical analysis to the legislative construct of application of compulsory measures in the criminal law of the Republic of Belarus as theoretical-legal[WU1] , hence the hypothesis on the need to establish the consequences of criminal record in imposition of compulsory measures did not find its approval. Moreover, considering the analyzed positions of the concept, the author brings to discourse the proposal on establishing preventative control after serving the compulsory correctional sentence that would not result in criminal record; as well as on potential implementation of the experience of Belarus pertaining to legal regulation of the order of imposing compulsory measures.



 [WU1]


Keywords: condemnation mode, preventive control, legal regulation, juveniles, criminal record, post-Soviet countries, the Criminal Code of the Russian Socialist Republic, exemption from punishment, exemption from criminal liability, compulsory measures
References:
Verkhovodko I.I. Osuzhdenie nesovershennoletnego s primeneniem al'ternativnykh mer ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti.//Problemy razvitiya yuvenal'noy yustitsii: Materialy respublikanskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii.-Mn.-2000.-S. 60-65.
Nagornov K.I., Larionova L.N., Ugolovnoe nakazanie ili prinuditel'nye mery vospitatel'nogo vozdeystviya: kriterii vybora. Optimizatsiya pravovoy osnovy protivodeystviya prestupnosti: k 25-letiyu Konstitutsii Rossiyskoy Federatsii: sb. nauchn. trudov po itogam Vseros. nauchn.-prakt. konf. s mezhdunar. uchastiem, g. Volgograd, 12-13 dek. 2018 g. V 2 ch. Ch. 1 / un-t. – Volgograd: Iz-vo VolGU, 2018. – 192-197 s.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Respubliki Belarus': nauchno-prakticheskiy kommentariy/ T.P. Akhramenko [i dr.]; pod red. V.M. Khomicha, A.V. Barkova, V.V. Marchuka. – Minsk: NTsPI Resp.Belarus', 2019.-1000s.
Vospyakova, O. F. O nekotorykh aspektakh primeneniya prinuditel'nykh mer vospitatel'nogo kharaktera / O. F. Vospyakova // Bor'ba s prestupnost'yu: teoriya i praktika : tezisy dokladov VІI Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-pra
Reference:
Mkrtchian S.. Foreign experience of legislative regulation of the terms of serving sentences in form of corrective labor instead of isolation as a source of modernization of Russian legislation in this regard // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 12. – P. 51-59. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.12.31802.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.12.31802
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Abstract: This article dedicates special attention to the analysis of possibilities and directions of implementation of the most successful legal techniques pertinent to regulation of the terms of serving sentences in form of corrective labor without of isolation from society for the purpose of improving the system of national legislation in this regard. The subject of this research is the norms of the Russian criminal and penal law, as well as the criminal law provisions of Austria, Israel, China, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Serbia, Federative Republic of Germany, France, Switzerland, Sweden, South Korea, and Japan. The scientific novelty of the conducted research consists in the fact that in searching the new vectors of modernization of carrying out sentences in form of corrective labor in Russia, the author assesses the possibilities of reception of certain provisions of foreign legislation on the terms of serving various types of sentences in form of corrective labor without isolation from society. The main conclusion related to the suggestions on reception of the provisions of foreign criminal laws contributing to the following aspects: detailed consideration of personality traits of the convicts; establishment of additional criteria in making decisions on substitution of correctional works in cases of willful evasion of the convict from their fulfilment with other types of sentences; resolution of the questions of organization of the work of local self-government in the process of determining the place of corrective labor for the convicts.
Keywords: resocialization, humanization, imprisonment, foreign legislation, convicted defendant, labour, fine, community service, corrective works, probation department
References:
Vetoshkin, S.A. O tochnosti yuridicheskikh formulirovok, svyazannykh s ugolovnymi nakazaniyami, i rossiyskoy ugolovno-pravovoy politike/ S.A.Vetoshkin// Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. – 2017. – № 10// SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Dyadyun, K.V. Naznachenie nakazaniya zhenshchinam s tochki zreniya printsipov ravenstva grazhdan pered zakonom, gumanizma i spravedlivosti/ K.V.Dyadyun// Leningradskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. – 2017. – № 2// SPS «Konsul'tant Plyus».
Zakon ob ugolovnom prave Izrailya. Postateynyy perevod s ivrita na russkiy yazyk [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://constitutions.ru/?p=11071 (data obrashcheniya: 23.11.2019).
Idrisov, I.T. Nakazaniya, svyazannye s trudovym vozdeystviem, v Anglii i Frantsii/ I.T.Idrisov// Pravo i politika. – 2014. – № 10. – C.1506-1514. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.10.12952 URL: https://www.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=-30899
Karamanukyan, D.T. Zakonodatel'nye predposylki gendernoy diskriminatsii v Rossiyskoy Federatsii/ D.T.Karamanukyan// Vestnik Omskoy yuridicheskoy akadem
Reference:
Karpova E.A.. Problems of classification and optimization of the system of criminal legal norms on responsibility for white-collar crime and practices of their implementation // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 12. – P. 9-16. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.12.31772.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.12.31772
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Abstract: This article explores the wide spectrum of scientific approaches towards the problem of classification and modernization of the system of white-collar crime in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation, formulated by modern doctrine of criminal law. The problem consists in the absence of sufficient depth of scientific analysis of the criterion for systematization and practical implementation of the norms on white-collar crimes as a whole and in their variety. The author studied the research pointing to the gaps in the legislative regulation in this area. Attention is paid to the lack of theoretical work in this field, with separate attention devoted to the law enforcement work. It is demonstrated that the current legislation does not fully cover all areas of life of the society and the state, which are the objects of the criminal infringement, and needs improvements. The author is convinced that study of the classification of white-collar crime is absolutely necessary, as the doctrinal context it allows systematizing their characteristics and legal ramifications of their committal. The scientific novelty of this research consists in author’s proposal of an original model for optimization of the system of criminal legal norms on white-collar crimes, as well as formulation and substantiation of the changes needed in the current criminal legislation.
Keywords: alternative official structures, special structures, general structures, design features of the composition, special subject, official, official crimes, classification of official crimes, optimization, modernization
References:
Konstitutsiya RF 12 dekabrya 1993 goda (s uchetom popravok, vnesennykh Zakonami RF o popravkakh k Konstitutsii RF ot 30 dekabrya 2008 № 6-FKZ, ot 30 dekabrya 2008 № 7-FKZ, ot 05 fevralya 2014 № 2-FKZ i ot 21 iyulya 2014 № 11-FKZ) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2014. № 9. St. 851.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 13.06.1996 № 63-FZ (red. ot 04.11.2019) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2019. № 42 (chast' II). St. 5805.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii v chasti ustanovleniya dopolnitel'noy otvetstvennosti dolzhnostnykh lits, lits zanimayushchikh gosudarstvennye dolzhnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii ili gosudarstvennye dolzhnosti sub'ekta Rossiyskoy Federatsii, a rovno glavy organa mestnogo samoupravleniya: Zakonoproekt № 700448-7. V arkhive. [Elektronnyy resurs]. Rezhim dostupa: https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/700448-7 (data obrashcheniya 02.12.2019).
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii v chasti sovershenstvovaniya mer otvetstvennosti za korruptsionnye pravonarusheniya: P
Reference:
Titov S.N.. Delineation of illegal export of scientific-technical information and criminal intellectual rights infringement // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 12. – P. 17-25. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.12.31838.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.12.31838
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Abstract: This article is devoted to the issue of delineation of illegal export and crimes in the area of intellectual property, in cases where the object of illegal export is the scientific-technical information. The problem consists in the fact that scientific-technical information can be the result of intellectual activity, particularly when it can greatly impact development of weapons of mass destruction, means of their delivery, other types of munitions and military technology, as well as products that can be used in preparation and/or commissions of terrorist acts. The positions of this article are substantiated by the analysis of case law. Based on the conducted research the author concludes that there is absence of collisions between the norms on crimes in the sphere of intellectual property and illegal export. In the cases where the culprit simultaneously violates the rules of export control and intellectual rights, the act should be classified as multiple counts of crime as established in the Article 189 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as one of the Articles on crimes in the area of intellectual property. This work is prepares within the framework of requirements for the university grant competition of the Ilya Ulyanov State Pedagogical University.
Keywords: scientific and technical information, intellectual rights, intellectual property protection, export control, criminal law, illegal export, intellectual property, intellectual property infringement, intellectual piracy, national security
References:
Kommentariy k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii: v 2 t. (postateynyy) / A.V. Brilliantov, G.D. Dolzhenkova, E.N. Zhevlakov i dr.; pod red. A.V. Brilliantova. 2-e izd. M.: Prospekt, 2015. T. 1. 792 s. (dostup iz SPS Konsul'tantPlyus)
Neznamova Z.A. Kollizii v ugolovnom prave. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo «Cricket», 1994. 284 s.
Zatsepin A.M. Konkurentsiya norm ugolovnogo prava i kvalifikatsiya prestupleniy // Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki. 2014. № 2. S. 84–100
Kozlov A.P., Sevast'yanov A.P. Edinichnye i mnozhestvennye prestupleniya. SPb.: Yuridicheskiy tsentr-Press, 2011. 915 s.
Inogamova-Khegay L.V. Kontseptual'nye osnovy konkurentsii ugolovno-pravovykh norm: monografiya. M.: NORMA, INFRA-M, 2015. 288 s. (dostup iz SPS Konsul'tantPlyus)
Model'nyy zakon o nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii // URL: http://iacis.ru/upload/iblock/dcd/102.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 26.03.2019).
Artemov V.V. Nezakonnye poluchenie i razglashenie svedeniy, sostavlyayushchikh kommercheskuyu, nalogovuyu ili bankovskuyu taynu, v ugolovnom prave Rossii: diss
Reference:
Damm I.A., Shishko I.V.. Openness in prevention of corruption in university during a transition from paid to free education // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 12. – P. 26-37. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.12.31871.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.12.31871
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Abstract: Openness in the work of state and municipal authorities and organizations is one of the basic principles in corruption prevention. The subject of this research is the normative acts and local normative acts that regulate the transition from paid to free education. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of the extent and accessibility of corresponding information on the official websites of federal universities. In the aspect of determination of anticorruption reserves, the research examines the state of the information, procedural and participative openness of this transition (on the example of federal universities). The conducted research allows concluding that federal universities generally ensure openness in the procedure of transitioning from paid to free education. At the same time, some colleges initiatively strive to provide full range of information needed for the students to transition to the free education. The level of procedural and participative openness differs from university to university.
Keywords: pocedural openness, information openness, openess, prevention, free education, paid education, education, corruption, participation openness, anti-corruption transparency
References:
V DVFU nachalsya priem dokumentov dlya perevoda studentov s platnogo obucheniya na besplatnoe [Elektronnyy resurs] // Dal'nevostochnyy federal'nyy universitet (DVFU). Rezhim dostupa: https://www.dvfu.ru/news/fefu-news/at_the_university_began_accepting_documents_for_transfer_of_students_from_paid_education_to_free/?sphrase_id=1252532.
Perevod s kontrakta na byudzhet [Elektronnyy resurs] // Institut upravleniya v ekonomicheskikh, ekologicheskikh i sotsial'nykh sistemakh Inzhenerno-tekhnologicheskoy akademii Yuzhnogo federal'nogo universiteta (YuFU). Rezhim dostupa: http://iues.sfedu.ru/studentu/#1471635564118-7ad10cd2-4dcc.
Vakantnye mesta dlya perevoda i vosstanovleniya v 2019/2020 uchebnom godu // Ural'skiy federal'nyy universitet im. pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B.N. El'tsina (UrFU). Rezhim dostupa: https://urfu.ru/sveden/vacant/.
Kak perevestis' na byudzhet // Ural'skiy federal'nyy universitet im. pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B.N. El'tsina (UrFU). Rezhim dostupa: http://privet.urfu.ru/section/study/kak-perevestis'-na-byudzhet/.
Perekhod
Reference:
Shabalin L.I.. On validity and conditionality of criminal law and criminal legislation constructs // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 11. – P. 46-66. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.11.31518.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.11.31518
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the validity and conditionality of criminal legislation prohibitions, elements of offences, norms of criminal law, and other criminal law and criminal legislation constructs; theory of criminalization and penalization; criminal law-making theory; and legal argumentation. The article is dedicated to comprehension and interpretation of criminal law terminology (validity of the construct, conditionality of the construct, social conditionality of the construct, effectiveness of law enforcement, and other). This comprehension is educed from the extensive context of criminal law literature; the definition of terms is conducted in accordance with the theoretical-legal and criminal-legal understanding of stages and elements of the mechanism of legal regulation. Reference to the context of criminal law literature along with consideration of the logical-philosophical, theoretical-legal and criminal-legal perspective allowed presenting an original view on the subject matter, as well as propose grounds for validating and conditioning the construct. The obtained results may be applies in legislative and expert activity.
Keywords: conditioning of construct, grounds of construct, grounding of construct, legal argumentation, conditionality of construct, validity of construct, criminal law constructing, conditions of constructing, criminal law construct, enforcement efficiency
References:
Ivanchin, A. V. Ugolovno-pravovye konstruktsii i ikh rol' v postroenii ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.08 / Ivanchin Artem Vladimirovich; Ural'skaya gosudarstvennaya yuridicheskaya akademiya. – Ekaterinburg, 2003. – 24 s.
Bikmashev, V. A. Sostav moshennichestva i somnitel'naya obosnovannost' poyavleniya ego kvalifitsirovannykh vidov v UK RF // Sovremennye problemy ugolovnoy politiki: materialy V Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (Krasnodar, 03 oktyabrya 2014 g.): v 3-kh t. / pod red. A. N. Il'yashenko; Krasnodarskiy universitet MVD RF. – T. II. – Krasnodar, 2014. – S. 72-79.
Ermakova, O. V. Obosnovannost' vvedeniya v Ugolovnyy kodeks RF spetsial'nykh vidov moshennichestva (st. 159.1-159.6 UK RF) // Aktual'nye problemy bor'by s prestupleniyami i inymi pravonarusheniyami. – 2014. – № 12-2. – S. 31-33.
Lapshin, V. F. Kriminologicheskaya obosnovannost' otdel'nykh priznakov sostavov finansovykh prestupleniy // Vestnik ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti / Moskovskiy universitet MVD RF im. V. Ya. Kikotya.
Reference:
Baksalova A.. Legal regulation of the system of prosecutor’s response to violation of law by the bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 10. – P. 24-31. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.10.30983.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.10.30983
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Abstract: This article explores the problems associated with the prosecutor’s response to violation of law committed by the bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation in pretrial investigation of a criminal case. The conclusion is made on impossibility of introducing the prosecutor’s requirements on elimination of such violations prior to initiation of criminal investigation. The analysis of legislation demonstrates that such act of prosecutorial supervision as representation on prevention of legal violation cannot be applied in the criminal procedural sphere, although it is frequently applied in practice as demonstrated by the statistics. The author draws the conclusion on introducing certain amendments to the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, as well as to the Federal Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”. It is suggested to exclude the requirement on prevention of legal violations, replacing it with the more universal concept, which in terms of its consolidation in the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation can be put forth not only in a specific criminal case, but also serve other purposes: elimination of causes and conditions contributing to violation of law, bringing to justice the official violating the law, elimination of the group of violations of procedural law, determined by the prosecutor in various cases.
Keywords: acts of prosecutorial response, the Prosecutor's response, pre-trial proceedings, bodies of preliminary investigation, prosecutorial supervision, prosecutor, criminal proceeding, criminal case, criminal trial, Prosecutor's request
References:
Spirin A. V. Predstavlenie prokurora ob ustranenii narusheniy ugolovno-protsessual'nogo zakona v dosudebnom proizvodstve // Probely v rossiyskom zakonodatel'stve. 2014. № 5. S. 211-215.
Vil'de L. V. Slozhnosti realizatsii nadzornoy funktsii prokurora na dosudebnoy stadii proizvodstva po delu // Ugolovnyy protsess. 2012. № 3. S. 32-34.
Voronin O. V. O sovremennom soderzhanii prokurorskogo nadzora // Vestn. Tom. gos. un-ta. Pravo. 2012. № 4 (6). S. 14-25.
Vinokurov A. Yu. K voprosu o klassifikatsii nadzornykh polnomochiy prokurora // Problemy ukrepleniya zakonnosti i pravoporyadka: nauka, praktika, tendentsii. 2010. № 3. S. 274-281.
Ergashev E. R. O sovremennykh problemakh prokurorskogo nadzora za ispolneniem zakonov organami, osushchestvlyayushchimi predvaritel'noe sledstvie // Elektronnoe prilozhenie k «Rossiyskomu yuridicheskomu zhurnalu». 2015. № 6. S. 35-42.
Po delu o proverke konstitutsionnosti otdel'nykh polozheniy statey 7, 15, 107, 234 i 450 Ugolovno-protsessual'nogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii v svyazi s zaprosom grupp
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Trofimov E.V., Metsker O.G.. Law and artificial intelligence: the experience of computational methodology for analyzing and assessing quantitative changes in legislation and law enforcement practice (on the example of the Article 20.4 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses) // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 8. – P. 1-17. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.8.30306.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.8.30306
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the changes that took place in law enforcement practice due to introduction in 2011 of the new revision of the Article 20.4 “On Violation of Fire Prevention Rules” of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses. The article presents the results of computational experiment conducted for the purpose of development and testing of high-performance software based on the intellectual analysis and computer-assisted learning that improves understanding of the new legal phenomena and processes associated with the impact of legislation upon law enforcement practice. For solving the research objective. For solving the research problem, the author uses the data of the State Information System “Justice” related to 56,500 orders on imposition of administrative punishment in accordance with the Article 20.4 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses for the period of 2010-2017. The author extracts and factorizes the necessary data; JSON data was converted using the algorithm in MapReduce paradigm for the models of factorization and learning. As a result of computer-assisted learning, was obtained the “tree of decisions”. On the “tree of decisions” it is demonstrated that middle of 2011 marks qualitative improvement in judicial practice, which became more uniform and logical; as well as in the context of imposing administrative punishment, the court started using standard circumstances of the case. The more efficient revision of the Article 20.4 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses allowed in a midterm period to enhance the rule of law in the area of satisfying formalized requirements to ensuring fire safety, by reducing the number of cases from 2012 to 2017 by more than 10 times. The author empirically substantiates the working version of the method of analysis and assessment of qualitative changes in legislation and law enforcement practice based on the computer-assisted learning technique in form of “tree of decisions”.
Keywords: computational methodology, computational experiment, big data, machine learning, intellectual analysis, administrative liability, digital state, artificial intelligence, law, fire safety
References:
McCarty L.T. Reflections on Taxman: An Experiment in Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning // Harvard Law Review. 1977. Vol. 90, № 5. Pp. 837–893.
Lovett I. To Fight Gridlock, Los Angeles Synchronizes Every Red Light // New York Times. Apr. 1, 2013. [Online]. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/02/us/to-fight-gridlock-los-angeles-synchronizes-every-red-light.html (accessed 24 Mar. 2019).
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Glaeser E.L., Hillis A., Kominers S.D., Luca M. Crowdsourcing City Government: Using Tournaments to Improve Inspecti
Reference:
Damm I.A.. Corruption prevention in education: questions of theory and practice // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 8. – P. 89-100. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.8.30324.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.8.30324
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the legislation of the Russian Federation on countering corruption, bylaws and departmental normative legal acts containing provision on corruption prevention, materials from the legal precedent, as well as the works of the national experts on criminology and criminal law. The article explores the approaches towards determination of the role and place of anti-corruption programs within the system of counteracting corruption, and analyzes its current state. Special attention is given to the characteristics of the object, subjects, and corruption prevention measures in the area of education. The author comes to the conclusion that anti-corruption programs has its peculiarities with regards to education management system and organization of educational activities. At the same time, within the framework of education management system, it is characterizes by the uniform, consistent and centralizes work of the authorized subjects on corruption prevention. While in the field of organization of educational activity, there is no systemic precautionary approach. The author believes that for improving the efficiency of anti-corruption programs in educational institutions it is necessary to determine the basic conceptual directions, provide methodological support along with coordination of this activity by the government and municipal authorities that control the sphere of education.
Keywords: education, offense, crime, criminality, fight, prophylactic, prevention, counteraction, corruption, educational institution
References:
Bekkaria, Ch. O prestupleniyakh i nakazaniyakh / Ch. Bekkaria. – M.: INFRA-M, 2004. – 184 s.
Borisova, E.A. Korruptsiya v sisteme vysshego obrazovaniya: perspektivy sotsial'nogo kontrolya (regional'nyy aspekt) : dis. ... kand. sotsiol. nauk : 22.00.08 / Borisova Ekaterina Alekseevna. – M., 2013. – 222 c.
Bodrov, N.F. Ispol'zovanie spetsial'nykh znaniy pri rassledovanii vzyatochnichestva i drugikh proyavleniy korruptsii v sfere obrazovaniya : dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk : 12.00.12 / Bodrov Nikolay Filippovich. – M., 2013. – 200 s.
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Povnyy, D.A. Administrativnye protsedury kak sredstvo protivodeystviya
Reference:
Titov S.N.. Classification of the elements of a crime in the area of criminal law protection of intellectual property // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 5. – P. 24-32. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.5.29313.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.5.29313
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to determination of range of the elements of crimes in the area of criminal law protection of intellectual property. The author comes to a conclusion that the object crime and the object of criminal law protection in the area of intellectual property do not always align. Based on this, the author suggest to classify the elements of crime into three groups: aimed directly at the protection of intellectual property (object of a crime and object of protection align); aimed at the protection of intellectual property indirectly (rightsholder is the object of protection, rather than the object of crime); and those aimed at the protection of intellectual property intermediately (rightsholder is not the object of protection or crime). The scientific novelty first and foremost consists in substantiation of the position that the general prevention of crime in the area of intellectual property is realized not only through direct criminal law prohibition, but also indirectly. In the case of the latter, this refers to the elements of crime, when the rightsholder is either the object of protection, but not the object of crime; or is neither.
Keywords: criminal law, criminal liability, object of protection, crime object, rightholder, criminal law protection, intellectual property, Corpus delicti, crime classification, economic crimes
References:
Bondarev M. Yu. Ugolovno-pravovaya okhrana intellektual'nykh prav: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.08 / Bondarev Mikhail Yur'evich. – M., 2008. – 215 s.
Dolotov R. O. Mekhanizm ugolovno-pravovogo regulirovaniya v sfere prestupnykh posyagatel'stv na ob'ekty intellektual'noy sobstvennosti: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.08 / Dolotov Ruslan Olegovich. – Saratov, 2009. – 229 s.
Efremova M.A. Ugolovno-pravovaya okhrana informatsionnoy bezopasnosti: dis. … dok. yurid. nauk. M., 2017. 427 s.
Zenin I. A. Kommentariy k Grazhdanskomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii, chasti chetvertoy / I. A. Zenin. – M.: Yurayt, 2008. – 626 s. – ISBN 978-5-94879-973-5.
Kommentariy k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii (postateynyy) / T.K. Aguzarov, A.A. Ashin, P.V. Golovnenkov i dr.; pod red. A.I. Chuchaeva. Ispr., dop., pererab. M.: KONTRAKT, 2013. 672 s. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Kommentariy k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii: v 4 t. (postateynyy) / A.V. Brilliantov, A.V. Galakhova, V.A. Davydov i dr.; otv.
Reference:
Slyshalov I.. Special circumstances in the activity of internal affairs bodies: approaches towards understanding // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 5. – P. 33-40. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.5.29505.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.5.29505
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the content of the concept of “special circumstances” in the activity of internal affairs bodies. The author carefully examines the various definitions of the term “special circumstances”, as well as proposes the original approaches towards its comprehension. Within the framework of meaningful approach for understanding special circumstances as an objective characteristics of the activity of internal affairs bodies, the article suggests the term “special circumstance of the activity” and its definition in the broad (non-normative) and narrow (normative) sense. In the context of procedural approach, characterized by understanding special circumstances as a special institutional regime of the activity of internal affairs bodies, the author proposes the term “regime of special conditions” and formulates its definition. The scientific novelty consists in clarification of the conceptual and categorical framework in the area of law enforcement activity. The research results carry theoretical-applied character and may be used by the authorized subjects in development of the regulatory acts, as well as further research on the topic.
Keywords: special legal regime, police officer status, state of emergency, crisis situations, special conditions, extreme situations, extraordinary circumstances, terminology, internal Affairs bodies, regime of counterterrorist operation
References:
Maydykov A. F. Predmet, zadachi i sistema kursa «Upravleniya organom vnutrennikh del v ekstremal'nykh usloviyakh». M., 1989.
Kuzminova E. Yu. Osobennosti okhrany obshchestvennogo poryadka organami vnutrennikh del pri vozniknovenii chrezvychaynykh obstoyatel'stv // Nauka i praktika. 2012. № 1. S. 59–61.
Kondrashov B. P. Obshchestvennaya bezopasnost' i administrativno-pravovye sredstva ee obespecheniya: monografiya. M., 1998. 296 s.
Kalina E. S. Administrativno-pravovoy rezhim chrezvychaynoy situatsii i kategoriya bezopasnosti v administrativnom prave // Administrativnoe pravo i protsess. 2011. № 12. S. 31–34.
Gromov M. A. Organizatsionnye osnovy upravleniya ob'edinennoy gruppirovkoy MVD Rossii v usloviyakh chrezvychaynykh pravovykh rezhimov (teoreticheskie i organizatsionno-pravovye aspekty): monografiya. Lipetsk, 2007. 135 s.
Martyshov Yu. N. O ponyatii osobykh usloviy // Aktual'nye voprosy administrativnogo prava. M.: VNII MVD SSSR, 1972. S.78–83.
O sluzhbe v organakh vnutrennikh del Rossiyskoy Federatsii i vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zak
Reference:
Rakhmanin S.V.. Problems with classification of a crime in the case of factual mistake in the age of victim // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 5. – P. 41-46. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.5.29699.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.5.29699
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the criminal law standards establishing the rules for classification of crimes in cases when the subject of crime misestimates such factual circumstance of the committed act as the age of a victim. The author examines possible approaches towards the classification of crimes in situation, when prior knowledge of the age of victim serves as a qualification factor. The article also covers the questions of criminal policy with regards to protection of the minors from criminal violations in the case of inability to establish the prior knowledge of the victim’s age by the offender. The scientific novelty consists in suggestion of the new approach towards formulation of the elements of crime, in which the victim’s age is a criminally relevant factor that would ensure due protection of the minors, but does not contradicts the principle of subjective imputation. The main conclusion lies in the statement that the enhanced responsibility must be established for committing a crime, when the offender is now well aware of the age of the victim, but the latter yet had not attained certain age.
Keywords: age of victim, childhood protection, subjective liability, sexual crimes, aggravating circumstances, crime victim, minors, age, age of consent, factual mistake
References:
Andreeva L.A. Kvalifikatsiya ubiystv, sovershennykh pri otyagchayushchikh obstoyatel'stvakh. SPb.: SPbYuI, 1998. 55 s.
Baybarin A.A. Ugolovno-pravovaya okhrana prav i interesov poterpevshikh, ne dostigshikh vosemnadtsati let: teoreticheskiy aspekt // Voprosy yuvenal'noy yustitsii. 2010. № 5. S. 8-10.
Borodin S.V. Prestupleniya protiv zhizni. SPb.: Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2003. 467 s.
E.Mizulina: «Neobkhodimo ustanovit' zapret na uslovno-dosrochnoe osvobozhdenie pedofilov» [Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt Gosudarstvennoy Dumy RF. 08.02.2012. URL: http://duma.gov.ru/news/6441/ (data obrashcheniya: 07.05.2019).
Kommentariy k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii / otv. red. V.M. Lebedev. M.: Yurayt, 2005. 921 s.
Lesova N. Pedofily boyatsya oglaski [Elektronnyy resurs] // Mk.ru. 19.10.2011. URL: https://omsk.mk.ru/articles/2011/10/19/634182-pedofilyi-boyatsya-oglaski.html (data obrashcheniya: 07.05.2019).
Naumov A.V. Praktika primeneniya Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii: sudebnaya praktika i doktrinal'noe tolkovanie. M.
Reference:
Karimov V.K.. Relevant questions of execution of punishments not related to isolation of convicts from society // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 4. – P. 20-27. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.4.29117.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.4.29117
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Abstract: The object of this research is the social relations in the area of execution of criminal sentences not related to isolation of prisoners from society. The subject of this research is the norms of criminal and penal law regulating the types of criminal sentences and procedure of serving  them. Attention is turned to the fact that the current system does not fully resolve the goals of the correction of convicts, prevention of commission of new crimes by them, as well as restoration of social justice. It is necessary to make the system more logical, eliminate duplication of separate types of punishments, and improve their organization and execution. The scientific novelty of this study consists in determination of the problems in the legal regulation and law enforcement practice in execution of punishments unrelated to isolation of inmates from society. The research particularly reveals duplication of types of punishments with regards to incarceration and irrationality of their structure within the system of punishment depending on the punitive effect. The author proposes making an accent on the execution of punishment in form of fines and mandatory community service as the main types, and incarceration as an additional form of punishment.
Keywords: forced labor, correctional labor, fine, mandatory work, punishment targets, criminal penalties, penal system, correctional center, criminal law, penal policy
References:
Kharakteristika lits, sostoyashchikh na uchete v ugolovno-ispolnitel'nykh inspektsiyakh [Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofitsial'nyy sayt FSIN Rossii. URL: http://fsin.rf/structure/inspector/iao/statistika/Xar-ka%20v%20YII/
Ugolovnaya politika: dorozhnaya karta (2017–2025 gg.) / Esakov G. A, Dolotov R. O., Filatova M. A. i dr.. — M.: Tsentr strategicheskikh razrabotok. — 2017. – 76 s.
Teplyashin P.V. Ugolovnoe nakazanie v vide ogranicheniya svobody: problemy zakonodatel'noy reglamentatsii i effektivnosti v spetsial'nom preduprezhdenii prestupnosti // Kriminologicheskiy zhurnal Baykal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava. — 2010. — №4.- S. 51-57.
Siryakov A.N., Siryakova E.O. O primenenii k nesovershennoletnim ugolovnogo nakazaniya v vide obyazatel'nykh rabot // Vestnik instituta. Prestuplenie. Nakazanie. Ispravlenie. — 2015. — 1 (29). – S.29-33.
Sumachev A.V. O vosstanovlenii sotsial'noy spravedlivosti kak tseli nakazaniya // Mezhdunarodnyy penitentsiarnyy zhurnal. - 2016. - № 1. – S.57-60.
Popova T. V., Zaripov R. R. Proble
Reference:
Gorban D.V., Efremova O.S.. The conceptual theoretical model of penal characteristics of an individual sentenced to imprisonment // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 3. – P. 21-32. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.3.22937.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.3.22937
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the penal characteristics of an individual sentenced to imprisonment. The object of this research is the social relations emerged in the process of determining penal characteristics of an individual sentenced to imprisonment. The goal is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of penal characteristics of a convict and suggestion of solutions to the problem in the indicated area of scientific knowledge. The main objectives of the study are: definition of the concept of penal characteristics of a convict; consideration of various approaches of penal law scholars towards the problem of penal characteristics of a convict; suggestion of the original model for determining penal characteristics of a convict. In the course of this research, the author develops the conceptual theoretical model of penal characteristics of a convict, which carries an applied character and can be used in taking a special census of convicts sentenced in 2018-2019. The obtained conclusions can be valuable for the employees of correctional facilities of penal system, as well as further scientific research on the topic.
Keywords: progressive system, deprivation of liberty, concept, model, census of convicts, penitentiary crimes, characteristics, personality of a convict, extent of correction, attestation of a convict
References:
Vystuplenie direktora FSIN Rossii G. A. Kornienko na rasshirennom zasedanii kollegii FSIN Rossii 11 marta 2015 goda [Elektronnyy resurs] // Ofits. sayt FSIN Rossii. URL: http://fsin.rf/news
Ugolovno-ispolnitel'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 08.01.1997 g. № 1-FZ (v red. ot 05.04.2017 g.) // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. - 13.01.1997 g. - № 2. - st. 198.
Prikaz Minyusta RF ot 30 dekabrya 2005 g. № 262 «Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o gruppe sotsial'noy zashchity osuzhdennykh ispravitel'nogo uchrezhdeniya ugolovno-ispolnitel'noy sistemy» // Byulleten' Ministerstva yustitsii Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2006 g., № 3.
Belyaev N.A. Tseli nakazaniya i sredstva ikh dostizheniya v ITU. LGU, 1963. S. 131-149.
Gorban' D.V. Problemy primeneniya sistemy «sotsial'nykh liftov» i puti ikh resheniya // Nauchno-metodicheskiy elektronnyy zhurnal Kontsept. 2016. № 10. S. 113-119.
Yuzhanin V.E., Gorban' D.V. Printsip progressivnoy sistemy otbyvaniya nakazaniya v vide lisheniya svobody // Lex Russica. 2017. № 2. S. 123-134.
Filippov R.A. Lichnost' osuzhdennogo
Reference:
Bubnova T.G.. To the question on demarcation of a crime according to the Article 191.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation from administrative offences // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 3. – P. 33-39. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.3.28971.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.3.28971
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Abstract: The object of this research is the social relations with regards to criminal legal regulation of composition of crime stipulating liability for acquisition, storage, transportation, processing for the purpose of sale and sale of timber that is known to have illicit origin according to the Article 191.1 of the Criminal Code. The subject of this research covers the norms of the current Russian legislation establishing legal and administrative liability for illegal trade of timber, as well as norms of Russian legislation pertaining to other regulatory branches of law, and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation. The goal of this work lies in studying the details of the content of the Article 191.1 of the Criminal Code, and conducting comparative analysis of the norm of criminal law stipulating liability for acquisition, storage, transportation, processing for the purpose of sale and sale of timber that is known to have illicit origin, as well as the norms of administrative law that regulate similar situations. The research allowed determining the distinctive elements of the compositions, which in turn allows the law enforcer to properly qualify the acts and justly establish responsibility. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the Article 191.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is fairly new within the legislation, which is one of the key reasons for lack of scientific research and low effectiveness of practical implementation of this norm.
Keywords: responsibility, contrastive analysis, timber, forest, administrative law, criminal law, illegal trade, deal, institution, efficiency
References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 03.07.2016 № 325-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // Rossiyskaya gazeta. – 2016.-08 iyulya.-№ 149.
Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po vyyavleniyu i presecheniyu prestupleniy v sfere ekonomiki i protiv poryadka upravleniya, sovershennykh storonami ispolnitel'nogo proizvodstva (utv. FSSP Rossii 15.04.2013 N 04-4) [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz spravoch.-pravovoy sistemy «Konsul'tant Plyus». (Data obrashcheniya 19.01.2019).
Uzdenova M.N. Khranenie, perevozka i pererabotka, kak formy nezakonnogo oborota drevesiny (191.1 UK RF) // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. May. 2017. № 5. S. 221-226.
Poyasnitel'naya zapiska k proektu federal'nogo zakona № 416458-6 «O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz spravoch.-pravovoy sistemy «Konsul'tant Plyus» (Data obrashcheniya 18.01.2019).
Lesnoy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 04.12.2006 № 200-FZ (red. ot 03.08.2018) (
Reference:
Rakhmanin S.V.. Problem of disputability of presumption of knowledge of the law and legal error in criminal law // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 3. – P. 40-45. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.3.29210.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.3.29210
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal presumptions as the means of legal technique used in criminal law. The author carefully examines such legal presumption, which significantly influences the application of criminal law standards, as presumption of knowledge of the criminal law underlying the principle “ignorance of the law is no excuse”. The article reviews a controversial question on its disputability, and thus, possible consideration as the legally significant circumstance of the ignorance of a person with regards to the content of criminal law (legal error). The scientific novelty consists in the description of situation, in which it is reasonable to admit the legal error, associated with the ignorance of criminal law, as a mitigating circumstance. The main conclusion establishes the need to exonerate individual for harm caused without clearly seeing the illegality of their action, if the norm of the Special Part of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation contains direct requirement of prior knowledge of their illegal nature, or if the individual had reasonable and sufficient basis to believe that the law makes a specific statement (not corresponding with reality) and the individual base their actions with the limitations of law within their understanding thereof.
Keywords: public danger, criminal casus, criminal responsibility, subjective imputation, knowledge of the law, presumption, legal error, legal fact, guilt, legal order
References:
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Bulaevskiy B.A. K voprosu o ponyatii prezumptsiy v prave // Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava. 2010. №3. S. 63-71.
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Groshev A.V. Prezumptsii v ugolovnom prave i ikh rol' v pravoprimenitel'noy deyatel'nosti // Yuridicheskaya tekhnika. 2010. №4. S. 145-153.
Davydov M. L. Teoreticheskie i metodologicheskie problemy ponyatiya i sostava yuridicheskoy tekhniki: avtoref. dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Volgograd, 2010. 50 s.
Prokhorov A.Yu. Ponyatie i pravovye posledstviya yuridicheskoy oshibki po zarubezhnomu ugolovnomu pravu // Uchenye trudy Rossiyskoy akademii advokatury i notariata. 2012. № 1. S. 91-94.
Strogovich M.S. Uchenie o m
Reference:
Dubovik O.L.. Criminal and administrative law: mutual influence, development trends and controversial issues of realization of legal responsibility // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 2. – P. 14-21. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.2.23764.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.2.23764
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Abstract: This article presents the content and results of the discussion of topical issues of legal responsibility that took place at the conference “At the interface of criminal law and law on minor offences: material-legal and procedural problems (Wroclaw, 2016), organized in celebration of the Rector of Wroclaw University Professor Mark Boyarsky. The author provides the pros and cons of the various versions of codification of criminal and administrative legislations: a unified whole, where the Criminal Code includes all elements of crime, i.e. codes or laws regulating administrative responsibility or norms of General and Special parts; mosaic, where the elements of crimes are contained not only in criminal law, but also in the framework of sectoral (environmental, transportation, other) legislations, correspondingly, the elements of crimes in both, the code and separate acts, or in absence of code of offences – the general norms are contained in special legislation, while the elements of administrative torts in the sectoral legislation (Czech version). The article elucidates the positions of Polish doctrine regarding vectors of reform of the criminal and administrative legislations, including types of punishment and magnitude of sanctions, thoughts that the criminal and administrative liability are becoming closer together, partially due to introduction of the institution of collective responsibility of gradual increase in the weight of administrative sanctions. The article presents examples of certain lawmaking decisions that characterize the legal systems of Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, assessing the experience of these countries in the area of regulation of criminal and administrative liability.
Keywords: punishment, crime, minor offence, crime, Code, liability, law, tort, sanction, codification
References:
Bojarski M. Radecki W. Kodeks wykroczen. Komentarz. 4 wyd. Warszawa: C.H. Beck, 2006. – 886 s.
Dubovik O.L., Rerikht A.A. Razgranichenie ugolovnoy i administrativnoy otvetstvennosti: teoreticheskie osnovaniya i prakticheskie posledstviya// Yuridicheskie issledovaniya. 2017. № 5. C. 107-123.
Na styku prawa karnego i prawa o wykroczeniach: Zagadnenia materialnoprawne oraz procesowe.Ksiega jubileuszowa dedykowana Profsesorowi Markowi Bojarskiemu /Pod red. J. Sawickiego, K.Lukarz. Wroclaw: Wyd. Uniwersitetu Wroclawskiego, 2016.T. I – 540 s., T. II – 388 s.
Pozdravlyaem chlena redsoveta Mareka Boyarskogo s 70-letiem! Natsional'naya bezopasnost'. 2016. №9. S. 568-569.
Reference:
Kuznetsov M.P.. On confiscation of contraband money (Article 200.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 1. – P. 32-39. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.1.20461.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.1.20461
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Abstract: This article examines the set of social relations emerged due to the application of regulations establishing criminal liability for smuggling contraband money. Despite a significant period of time passed after the introduction of the Articles 104.1 and 200.1 into the criminal law, there are still certain difficulties in its practical implementation requiring solution. Currently, there is no universal scientific or practical approach towards the confiscation of contraband money, which are the subject matter of the crime stipulated by the Article 200.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The subject of this study is the statutes of the criminal law, case law, judicial interpretations, legal literature related to the question of confiscation of contraband money. The scientific novelty of the conducted research is defined by fact that the author is one of the first to analyze the regulations establishing liability for smuggling contraband money, generalize the problems of application of confiscation of contraband items, as well as based on the comprehensive systemic study of criminal legislation, formulate recommendations on their solution. The author also substantiates the propositions in improvement of the criminal legislation.
Keywords: application of confiscation, smuggling of money, problems of confiscation, crime, money, confiscation, customs border, criminal liability, contraband, criminal code
References:
Truntsevskiy Yu.V. Klassifikatsiya mer ugolovno-pravovogo vozdeystviya // Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. 2015. № 2. C. 137-144. DOI: 10.7256/2310-0508.2015.2.15682.
Khachatryan A.K. Primenenie normy ob osvobozhdenii ot ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya v sfere ekonomicheskoy deyatel'nosti: problemy i perspektivy // Politika i Obshchestvo. 2014. № 9. C. 1109-1117. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2014.9.13074.
Viskov N.V. Problemy opredeleniya osnovaniya, poryadka i tseley primeneniya konfiskatsii imushchestva // Vestnik VolGU. 2008. Ser. 5. Vyp. 10. S. 68-69.
Ob ofitsial'nom raz'yasnenii Postanovleniya Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 14 maya 1999 goda po delu o proverke konstitutsionnosti polozheniy chasti pervoy stat'i 131 i chasti pervoy stat'i 380 Tamozhennogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii: Opredelenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 27.11.2001 N 202-O // Ros. gaz. 2001. 5 dekabrya.
O ratifikatsii Konventsii Soveta Evropy o preduprezhdenii terrorizma: feder. zakon Ros. Federatsii ot 20 aprelya 2006 g. N 56-FZ // Ros. gaz.
Reference:
Karimov V.K.. The impact of modern information and telecommunication technologies upon firearms and munition trafficking // Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 1. – P. 40-45. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.1.28693.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.1.28693
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Abstract: The object of this research is the social relations in the area of firearms trafficking. The subject of this research is the legal norms regulating the order of acquisition, possession, carrying of arms, as well as criminal responsibility for the illegal arms trafficking. The author gives attention to how the information technologies change the methods of committing crimes. The article underlines the danger produced by information through the Internet upon the young generation, which substantiates the commitment of firearms-related crimes. The author also points at the gaps in legislation that allow acquiring firearms for criminal purposes. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the questions of illegal arms trafficking using the Internet, particularly, the recently emerged new methods of committing such crimes, which did not receive due coverage in the scientific literature; as well as identification of the gaps in statutory regulation. The author makes recommendations on the improvement of regulation, and implementation of state policy with regards to crime prevention in the are of illegal arms trafficking.
Keywords: bitcoin, ammunition, hunting weapon, Columbine, Darknet, the Internet, information Technology, arms trafficking, criminal law, crime prevention
References:
Kushniryk V.V. Nelegal'nyy (tenevoy, nezakonnyy) oborot strelkovogo oruzhiya i patronov: otraslevye otsenki kriminal'noy ekonomiki // Vestnik Akademii ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti MVD Rossii. 2015. № 5. s. 71-76.
General'naya prokuratura RF. Portal pravovoy statistiki (ofitsial'nyy sayt).// [Elektronnyy resurs]: Rezhim dostupa: http://crimestat.ru/offenses_chart
Ravnyushkin A.V. Protivodeystvie uchastkovymi upolnomochennymi politsii kiberbullitsidu i drugim vidam kiberprestupnosti, napravlennoy na sferu semeyno-bytovykh otnosheniy // Vestnik Barnaul'skogo yuridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii. 2018. № 1 (34). s. 27-30.
Sergeev S.M. Nekotorye problemy protivodeystviya ispol'zovaniyu v prestupnoy deyatel'nosti sredstv obespecheniya anonimizatsii pol'zovatelya v seti Internet. // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii. 2017. № 1(73). s. 137-140.
Biddle, Peter; England, Paul; Peinado, Marcus; Willman, Bryan. The Darknet and the Future of Content Distribution. // [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://msl1.mit.edu/ESD10/
Reference:
Sarkisyan A.A.. Identity of the perpetrator and its public danger: criminal law and criminological aspects // Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 12. – P. 49-61. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.12.28200.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.12.28200
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Abstract: This article is devoted to criminal law and criminological problems of recording the identity of the perpetrator and its public danger. Based on the analysis of the current criminal legislation and court cases, the author notes the trend towards anonymity of the criminal policy, expressed in giving more significance to public danger of the crime and formal approach towards record of the perpetrators identity. Accent is made on the issue of surface study of danger to the public from the perpetrator, which impedes the correct of the convict, and development of preventative measures against future crimes. It is recommended to give more weight to the study of the profile of the perpetrator and the need to establish unified criterion for assessing the level of public danger from the individual for issuing a fair sentence matching the public threat the individual represents. It is noted that public danger of the perpetrator’s identity consists in the capability of committing a crime, which is the reason for conclusion on practical necessity for developing preventative measures for working with individuals that represent potential public danger and are prone to committing crimes.
Keywords: crime, punishment, dangerous state theory, criminal policy, preventive measures, social danger of the person, Criminal personality, social danger, crime prevention, relapse
References:
Kostrova M.B. Paradoksy ugolovno-pravovogo vozdeystviya v otnoshenii «lits, vpervye sovershivshikh prestuplenie» // Pravo. Zakonodatel'stvo. Lichnost'. 2015. № 1 (20). S. 134-147.
Oreshkina T.Yu. Ponyatie retsidivista «privychnogo prestupnika» v federal'nom zakonodatel'stve SShA i v zakonodatel'stve ryada shtatov // Voprosy kriminologii, ugolovnogo prava, protsessa i prokurorskogo nadzora: sb. nauch. tr. M., 1975. S. 160.
Kostrova M.B. Ugolovnaya politika v otnoshenii lits, vpervye sovershivshikh prestuplenie: ot kontseptual'noy idei do ee realizatsii v pravoraz'yasnitel'noy i pravoprimenitel'noy praktike // Aktual'nye problemy vzaimosvyazi ugolovnogo prava i protsessa: sbornik materialov Vserossiyskoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (Ufa, Institut prava BashGU, 17 aprelya 2015 g.). Ufa: RITs BashGU, 2015. S. 27-43;
Apellyatsionnoe postanovlenie Verkhovnogo suda Respubliki Adygeya № 22-206/2018 ot 27 aprelya 2018 g. po delu № 22-206/2018. – Rezhim dostupa: http://sudact.ru/regular/doc/XNWuVVOZM75r/ svob
Reference:
Spirin A.V.. On the participation of the Prosecutor in collection of evidence in pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings // Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 9. – P. 17-25. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.9.21613.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.9.21613
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Abstract: The article is devoted to analysis of the Prosecutor's status as a subject of proof in the pre-trial proceedings. It describes in detail the Prosecutor's participation in the collection of evidence, their interaction in the process of proving alongside the bodies of investigation and inquiry. Based on the analysis of provisions of the applicable legislation, the orders of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation and various points of view of experts in this field, the article puts forward and substantiates the conclusion that the Prosecutor must exercise their authority as a prosecution subject of proof to the fullest extent. In this regard, it is proposed to supplement the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation with a number of provisions granting the Prosecutor the right to consider and resolve the petitions of the participants in the criminal case, take part in the investigative actions, give the investigator the mandatory instructions, as well as submit the documents and materials received during the Prosecutor’s investigation to preliminary investigation agencies. All of the proposals are closely interrelated and strictly comply with the legal nature of the Prosecutor's supervision.
Keywords: charge, proof, inquiry officer, inquiry, head of the investigative body, investigator, Prosecutor, court, authority, materials of crime reports’ audit
References:
Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 18.12.2001 № 174-FZ // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Balakshin V.S. Dopustimost' dokazatel'stv: ponyatie, pravovaya priroda, znachenie, algoritm otsenki. Nauchno-prakticheskoe posobie. Ekaterinburg, 2013. 316 s.
Prikaz Genprokuratury RF ot 16.07.2010 № 284 «O poryadke predostavleniya spetsial'nykh doneseniy i inoy obyazatel'noy informatsii» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Federal'nyy zakon ot 12.08.1995 № 144-FZ «Ob operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Prikaz Genprokuratury RF ot 15.02.2011 № 33 «Ob organizatsii prokurorskogo nadzora za ispolneniem zakonov pri osushchestvlenii operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti» // SPS Konsul'tantPlyus.
Vlasova N.A. Zayavlenie i razreshenie khodataystv v khode predvaritel'nogo rassledovaniya // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2006. № 4. S. 41-47.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 05.06.2007 № 87-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Prikaz Genprokuratury RF ot 02.06 201
Reference:
Akunchenko E.A.. Corruption and elements of corruption in the electoral process // Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 8. – P. 28-42. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.8.27220.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.8.27220
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the generally recognized principles and norms of international law in the area of fight against corruption, positions of the current Russian anti-corruption and electoral legislation, norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and the works of Russian experts in history, sociology, political science and law.  Within the framework of this article, the author analyzes the concept and elements of corruption, as well as the key attributes of the indicated phenomena applicable to the sphere of electoral relations. Examination of the generic characteristics of corruption and their types in the area of electoral relations allowed determining the groups of corruption offences in the electoral process, describe the functional links between these groups, consider systemic-structural elements, as well as formulate the working definition of corruption in the electoral process.
Keywords: historical variability, social nature, public danger, structure, system, prevention, criminality, corruption, mass character, criminal and legal nature
References:
Konventsiya OON protiv korruptsii : Rezolyutsiya General'noy Assamblei OON ot 31 okt. 2003 g. № 58/4 // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. – 2006. – № 26. – St. 2780.
Okhotskiy, E.V. Novyy pravovoy fundament strategii bor'by s korruptsiey v Rossiyskoy Federatsii / E.V. Okhotskiy // Publichnoe i chastnoe pravo. – 2017. – № 1. – S. 52–64.
O Strategii natsional'noy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii : ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 31 dek. 2015 g. № 683 // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. – 2016. – № 1. – Ch. 2. – St. 212.
Tonkov, E.E. Korruptsiya kak priznak kriminalizatsii vlasti / E.E. Tonkov // Kriminologicheskiy zhurnal Baykal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava. – 2011. – № 3. – S. 50–58.
Antonyan, Yu.M. Kriminologiya : uchebnik / Yu.M. Antonyan. – 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Yurayt, 2012. – 523 s.
Volzhenkin, B.V. Korruptsiya : Seriya «Sovremennye standarty v ugolovnom prave i ugolovnom protsesse» / B.V. Volzhenkin. – SPb., 1998. – 42 s.
Gazimzyanov, R.R. Korruptsionnaya prestupnost' v Respublike Tatarstan na rubezhe v
Reference:
Burtseva V.V.. Reproductive right of a woman as the object of criminal law protection: posing the issue // Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 7. – P. 28-35. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.7.26879.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.7.26879
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the theoretical analysis of a set of interrelated scientific and practical issues of the criminal law aspect of reproductive right, its place, features and concept, including the artificia termination of pregnancy. This article is dedicated to examination of the problems of criminal law protection of reproductive right of a woman. The authors considers the relevant theoretical and practical issues associated with codification of reproductive right of a woman in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The research is focused on criminal law protection, as well as regulation of the unlawful exercise of such right. The author analyzes the existing norm of the unlawful artificial termination of pregnancy as a method of exercising woman’s tight to reproduction. The scientific novelty is lies in providing a comprehensive examination of the criminal law protection of reproductive right, its content and structural components for the first time. The author presents an original perspective on regulation of the criminal law responsibility for unlawful termination of pregnancy as one of the methods of exercising of such right, considering the requirements of the norms of international law and universal human values. Revision of the Article 123 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is suggested.
Keywords: protection of reproductive rights, method of realization of rights, international law, object of criminal law protection, reproductive right, abort, illegal abotr, criminal law, foreign experience, object of crime
References:
Vseobshchaya deklaratsiya prav cheloveka. Prinyata rezolyutsiey 217 A (III) General'noy Assamblei OON ot 10 dekabrya 1948 goda// http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/declhr.shtml (data obrashcheniya: 03.06.2018).
Vozzvanie Tegeranskoy konferentsii (prinyato 13 maya 1968 goda Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsiey po pravam cheloveka v Tegerane)// Prava cheloveka: Sbornik mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. Tom 1 (chast' pervaya): Universal'nye dogovory, Organizatsiya Ob'edinennykh Natsiy. N'yu-York i Zheneva, 1994.
Doklad Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii po narodonaseleniyu i razvitiyu (Kair, 5-13 sentyabrya 1994 g.) //https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/event-pdf/icpd_rus.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 20.05.2018.).
Programma deystviy Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii po narodonaseleniyu i razvitiyu na period posle 2014 goda. Global'nye obyazatel'stva vysokogo urovnya /Prinyata na Spetsial'noy sessii 29-y General'noy Assamblei Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsiy 22 sentyabrya 2014 g.// URL: https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/ICPD-UNGASS-Russian-web.pdf
Reference:
Yarovenko V.V., Korchagin A.G.. Evolution of the Russian criminal policy: criminal act, administrative prejudice, problems of incentive norms // Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 6. – P. 37-49. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.6.26482.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.6.26482
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the problems of the Russian criminal policy, considering the correlation between the criminal law and the administrative legal relations. Attention is turned to the fact that the idea on criminal act would have been attractive if the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses excludes all constituent elements that in its legal nature are not referred to administrative offences, but for some reason or other cannot be designated as crimes, although gravitate towards them. The majority of them is considered by courts as criminal acts. Based on the conducted analysis, the authors underline the need for revising the procedural norms that establish the patterns on criminal offences in the sphere of economics and preventative activity by integrating them into a single criminal-procedural form so that it does not doubt the fairness of grounds for exempting the criminal responsibility in the sphere of economic activity.
Keywords: responsibility, qualification, prejudice, offence, misconduct, crime, criminal proceeding, criminal policy, promotion, judicial penalty
References:
Fedorov A.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' yuridicheskikh lits. Zakon, 2017, № 6, S. 62-69.
Bagautdinov F.N. Podkup v interesakh kompanii: sudebnaya praktika po ugolovnym i administrativnym delam. // Ugolovnyy protsess. 2018. № 1. S. 52-59.
Golovko L.V. Dezha-vyu, ili ocherednaya portsiya dovodov v pol'zu ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti yuridicheskikh lits. // Zakon. 2017. № 8. S. 105-114.
Golovko L.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' yuridicheskikh lits dlya Rossii: sotsial'naya potrebnost' ili institutsial'naya globalizatsiya? // Zakon. 2015. S. 132-142.
Proekt novogo KoAP Rossiyskoy Federatsii № 957581-6 podgotovlen ko vtoromu chteniyu rabochey gruppy Komiteta po konstitutsionnomu zakonodatel'stvu i gosudarstvennomu stroitel'stvu Gosudarstvennoy Dumy RF.
Sevryugin V.E. «Staraya odezhda» novogo KoAP RF: kontseptual'nye nedorabotki i perekosy zakonoproekta. // Administrativnoe pravo i protsess. 2016. № 10. S. 29-37.
Sudy opravdali pochti kazhdogo 10 iz tekh, kto ne priznal vinu. Ugolovnyy protsess. 2017. № 3. S. 7
Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 2
Reference:
Kukharuk V.V.. Substances and/or methods prohibited for use in sports, in criminal law // Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 5. – P. 42-51. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.5.23052.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.5.23052
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Abstract: The author examines the political and legal conditions of development and adoption of the draft law on amending the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the Articles 230.1 and 230.2, containing the completely new subjects of offence. The article considers the conceptual discrepancies of the “Prohibited List” of the World Anti-Doping Agency – WADA, specifying the substances and/or methods banned for use in sports, Order of the Russian Ministry of Sports, and similar list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. The article provides legal criminal characteristic of crimes stipulated in the Articles 230.1 and 230.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is provided; as well as reveals the essential element of offences. Recommendations are made on the improvement and modernizations of the norms for offences against health of the population in accordance with the regulations of international law. The scientific novelty lies in the detailed description of the essential element of offences, stipulated in the Articles 230.1 and 230.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, based on the normative legal acts of international law and Russian legislation, documents of the supreme judicial authorities with regards to offences against health of the population and public morality.
Keywords: inducement, list of the Government of the Russian Federation, lists of the Russian Ministry of Sports, WADA Prohibited List, doping , prohibited methods, substances, World Anti-Doping Agency, athlete, sports
References:
Prikaz Minzdravsotsrazvitiya RF ot 15.08.2011 № 916n «Ob utverzhdenii Edinogo kvalifikatsionnogo spravochnika dolzhnostey rukovoditeley, spetsialistov i sluzhashchikh, razdel «Kvalifikatsionnye kharakteristiki dolzhnostey rabotnikov v oblasti fizicheskoy kul'tury i sporta» // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2011. № 260. 18 noyabrya.
Primechanie k stat'e 2.2.2. Vsemirnyy antidopingovyy kodeks. Minsk: Izd-vo «Al'tiora-Zhivye kraski», 2014. S. 18.
Opredelenie Sankt-Peterburgskogo gorodskogo suda ot 22.08.2013 N 33-11167/2013 // SPS «Garant».
Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 15.06.2006 № 14 // Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF. 2006. № 8.
Kompaniya Meditsinskaya Metrologiya Oborudovanie dlya perelivaniya krovi // URL: http://medmetr.ru/categories/perelivanie-krovi
Ugolovnyy kodeks Ukrainy. Stat'ya 323. Pobuzhdenie nesovershennoletnikh k primeneniyu dopinga // URL: http://yurist-online.com/uslugi/yuristam/kodeks/013/336.php
Krimіnal'niy kodeks Ukraїni // URL: http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T012341.html
Prikaz Minspor
Reference:
Greben'kova L.A.. Criminal legal characteristic of the object of involvement of minors in the commission of acts dangerous for the minor's life (Article 151.2 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation) // Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 2. – P. 27-33. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.2.25615.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.2.25615
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the characteristics of the object of criminal involvement of a minor in the commission of acts dangerous for minor’s life. The author attempts to determine the key criminal relevant features of the aforementioned act that define its objective hazard to society, sufficient for acknowledging as socially dangerous, as well as the need for criminalization. Attention is also focused on the circumstances that significantly increase the typical social danger of the criminal act that can be included into the criminal legislation as a qualifying factor. Using the formal legal method alongside the literal interpretation of legal acts, the author conducts the detailed analysis of the content of the basic, additional, and facultative object of crime, the responsibility for which is established by the Article 151.2 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation. The main conclusion lies in the fact that besides the main object that implies the interests of healthy development and upbringing of a minor, as well as the additional object (life of a minor), the considered act can cause harm to health, freedom, and sexual integrity of a minor alongside the interests of family upbringing and the established order of exercising pedagogical activity. The indicated circumstances must be taken into account through determination of the qualifying factors. Therewith, there is a need for protection of public morality from the public propaganda unlawful activity.
Keywords: propaganda of unlawful actions, unlawful behaviour, family, upbringing of minors, public morality, person, object of crime, social danger, aggravating factors, violence
References:
Agapov S. V. O neobkhodimosti pravovogo ponyatiya sem'i // Vestnik Rossiyskoy pravovoy akademii. 2011. № 4. S. 13-17.
Belov V.F. Prestupleniya protiv sem'i i nesovershennoletnikh v aspektakh de lege lata i de lege ferenda. M.: Rusaki, 2002. S. 52-53. 80 s.
Vertepova T. A. K voprosu ob ugolovno-pravovoy okhrane chelovecheskogo embriona // Obshchestvo i pravo. 2014. №4. S. 91-93.
Vinokurov V. N. Ob'ekt prestupleniya: aspekty ponimaniya, sposoby ustanovleniya i primenenie ugolovnogo zakona: monografiya. M.: Yurlitinform, 2012. 286 s.
Greben'kov A. A. Problemy protivodeystviya informatsionnym prestupleniyam, sovershaemym v khode deyatel'nosti massovykh setevykh soobshchestv // Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya i pravo. 2016. № 4. S. 62-67.
Zhilyaeva A. A. Teoretiko-pravovye aspekty i genezis opredeleniya ponyatiya «sem'ya» v otechestvennom zakonodatel'stve i pravovoy nauke // Semeynoe i zhilishchnoe pravo. 2015. № 2. S. 20-23.
Zatelepin O. K voprosu o ponyatii ob'ekta prestupleniya v ugolovnom prave //
Reference:
Sokolov D.S.. State witness protection of the parties involved in a criminal procedure: certain issues and solutions // Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 1. – P. 28-38. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.1.25162.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.1.25162
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the institution of witness protection, peculiarities of the formation of system of proof in investigation of crimes where possible threats can be present to the parties involved in a criminal procedure. The work discusses certain issues in the legal regulation of the state witness protection, as well as the peculiarities of decisionmaking on application of measures of state witness protection and its realization with consideration of present threats and the phases of progression of criminal activity. It is proposed that the complex multi-stage system of regulatory acts does not promote making substantiated decisions on state witness protection. Members of law enforcement ensuring protection of witnesses from various regions of the Russian Federation have been interviewed. The main conclusions consist in the proposals to introduce a number of changes into the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation pertaining to proving the threats, their assessment and adequate legal solutions.
Keywords: administrative regulation, mechanism of state witness protection, participant of criminal procedure, state witness protection, criminal procedure, legal regulation, prosecution, preliminary investigation, proving, real threat
References:
Azarova E.S. Problemy i perspektivy razvitiya instituta gosudarstvennoy zashchity poterpevshikh, svideteley i inykh uchastnikov ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Sotsiosfera. № 1. 2010. S. 71–79.
Mazova E.I. Rolevaya funktsiya operativno-rozysknoy deyatel'nosti v obespechenii bezopasnosti lits, podlezhashchikh gosudarstvennoy zashchite // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2013. № 6. S. 27–32. Avtor privodit statistiku, soglasno kotoroy primerno na tysyachu v god uvelichivaetsya kolichestvo zayavleniy o neobkhodimosti gosudarstvennoy zashchity.
Epikhin A.Yu. Kontseptsiya obespecheniya bezopasnosti lichnosti v sfere ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Syktyvkar, 2004. – 460 s.
Lubin A.F. Riskologicheskaya kharakteristika rassledovaniya prestupleniy v sfere ekonomiki / A.F. Lubin, O.A. Nurutdinov // Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost' Rossii: politicheskie orientiry, zakonodatel'nye prioritety, praktika obespecheniya. – N. Novgorod: NA MVD RF, 2006. – №6. – S. 142–145
Lubin A.F. Funktsii dokazyvaniya i prinyatiya resheniy na stadii predvaritel'nogo rassledo
Reference:
Damm I.A.. Anticorruption standards of conduct for the rectorate of educational institutions // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 12. – P. 14-26. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.12.25104.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.12.25104
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the norms of anticorruption legislation of the Russian Federation, bylaws and departmental normative legislative bills, local normative acts of organizations, as well as positions of the codes of ethics of universities, setting anticorruption standards of conduct for the educators. The article carefully examines the current trends in formation of the anticorruption standards of conduct in the education sphere. Special attention is given to the establishment of anticorruption responsibilities, prohibitions, limitations and recommendations placed on the individuals carrying out the executive functions in educational institutions. The research allowed concluding that there are currently no unified anticorruption standards of conduct for members of educational institutions. With regards to a small circle of individuals carrying out the executive functions in educational institutions, the anticorruption standards of conduct are set by the orders of the Government of Russia, as well as departmental orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: recommendations, restrictions, bans, duties, anticorruption standards of conduct, prevention of corruption, corruption, educational institutions, conflict of interest, rector
References:
Damm, I.A. Korruptsiya v sfere obrazovaniya: ponyatie, kharakternye cherty, formy i vidy / I.A. Damm // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. – 2016. – T. 10. – № 4 (40). – S. 5–17.
Baskakova, A.M. Konflikt interesov pedagogicheskogo rabotnika / A.M. Baskakova, A.A. Baranova // Aprobatsiya. – 2015. – № 5. – S. 109–111.
Bykovskaya, E.A. Preduprezhdenie i predotvrashchenie korruptsii v vuze / E.A. Bykovskaya // Vestnik Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putey soobshcheniya. – 2015. – № 4.1. – S. 24–30.
Vanyukhina, N.V. Ustranenie konflikta interesov pedagoga kak faktor profilaktiki korruptsiogennogo povedeniya v sfere obrazovaniya / N.V. Vanyukhina, A.I. Skorobogatova // Dialektika protivodeystviya korruptsii: materialy III Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. – 2013. – S. 31–34.
Vereshchak, S. B. Pravovoe regulirovanie konflikta interesov v obrazovatel'nykh organizatsiyakh / S. B. Vereshchak, O.A. Ivanova // Faktory i usloviya iskoreneniya korruptsii i drugikh negativnykh yavleniy v obrazovanii: psikhologo-pedagogicheskiy aspek
Reference:
Idrisov N.T.. About the criminal statutory provision within the system of legislation and law enforcement // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 10. – P. 60-71. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.10.23132.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.10.23132
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the essence and content of the criminal statutory provision as a juridical phenomenon. The author defines the legal and social meaning of the criminal statutory provision, reveals its characteristic features, connection with the criminal legal norm, and mechanism of its inclusion into the structure. The statutory provision is viewed in terms of the system of criminal law and law enforcement; the author concurrently emphasizes that the source of the criminal normatively legal regulation, as well as the criminal legal norm can be the law enforcement practice. The subject of meticulous consideration became the classical concept, in accordance with which the legal norm is deemed not only basic, but also primary element of the criminal law system. The term of “statutory provision” was introduces into the criminal legal doctrine in the first half of the XX century, however until the present time the corresponding legal phenomenon remains insufficiently studied. The author suggests a new definition to the criminal statutory provision in social and legal context, as well as provides an original concept of acknowledging the statutory provision as primary element of the general system of criminal law and law enforcement.
Keywords: independence of criminal legal norm, primary element of system, system of criminal legislation, criminal legal system, sources of criminal law, law enforcement, multiplicity of criminal statutes, criminal statutory provision, structure of criminal legal norm, criminal legal norm
References:
Vasil'ev A.M. Pravovye kategorii. Metodologicheskie aspekty razrabotki sistemy kategoriy prava. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1976. 264 s.
Yatselenko B.V. Realizatsiya printsipov zakonnosti i viny pri kvalifikatsii prestupleniy s blanketnymi priznakami sostava // Vestnik Akademii General'noy Prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2016. №4 (54). S. 19-26.
Garbatovich D.A. Ugolovno-pravovaya norma: ponyatie i priznaki // Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2013. № 4. S. 38-43.
Klenova T.V. Osnovy teorii kodifikatsii ugolovno-pravovykh norm: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. M., 2001. 387 s.
Obrazhiev K.V. Strukturnoe stroenie sistemy formal'nykh (yuridicheskikh istochnikov rossiyskogo ugolovnogo prava // Zakony Rossii: opyt, analiz, praktika. 2013. № 10. S. 19-24.
Gracheva Yu.V. Realizatsiya regulyativnykh ugolovno-pravovykh norm (norm-predpisaniy): ponyatie i formy // Trudy Orenburgskogo instituta (filiala) Moskovskoy gosudarstvennoy yuridicheskoy akademii. 2010. № 11. S. 286-303.
Naumov A.V. Rossiyskoe ugolovnoe pr
Reference:
Teben'kov A.V.. Imposition of punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances in foreign criminal legislation // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 10. – P. 72-84. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.10.24143.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.10.24143
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Abstract: This article conducts a comparative analysis of the rules for imposing punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances in the countries of Anglo-Saxon legal family, Romano-Germanic legal family, socialist legal family, and religious legal family. Particular attention is given to the research of establishing the rules for imposing punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances in the United States, as well as in countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family, since the criminal laws of the indicated countries provide more specific rules for imposing punishment in cases with mitigating circumstances. The result of this work became the conclusions on the order of establishing rules for imposing punishment in cases with mitigating circumstances in criminal laws of the states belonging to different legal families. The conducted research allowed drawing the following conclusions. Firstly, in the criminal laws of most countries of Anglo-Saxon legal family, there are no rules for imposing punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances. The exception is the United States Federal Penalties Guidelines. Secondly, most countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family adopter the criminal lows that provide fairly specific rules for imposing punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances. At the same time, such rules differ in bases of application, order of imposition of punishment in cases with mitigating circumstances and the mechanism of reduction of punishment. Thirdly, the rules for imposing punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances in criminal laws of the majority countries of the socialist legal family are almost identical to such stipulated in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1996. A significant step forward in this regard made only by the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan and the Criminal Code of Moldova. Fourthly, in the vast majority of countries of the religious legal family, there are no rules for imposing punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances, which is caused by sustained influence of religion upon the criminal legal doctrine.
Keywords: rukls for reduction of punishment, comparative law, religious legal family, socialist legal family, Romano-Germanic legal family, Anglo-Saxon legal family, sentencing rules, mitigation of punishment, boundaries of reduction of punishment, rules for substitution of punishment
References:
Ugolovnyy kodeks Kazakhstana URL: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31575252#pos=9;-323 (data obrashcheniya 15.07.2017).
Ugolovnyy kodeks Moldovy URL: http://base.spinform.ru/show_doc.fwx?rgn=3835 (data obrashcheniya 15.07.2017).
Ugolovnyy kodeks Frantsii URL: http://www.twirpx.com/file/379964/ (data obrashcheniya 18.07.2017).
Ugolovnyy kodeks Italii URL: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/ru/details.jsp?id=2507 (data obrashcheniya 15.07.2017).
Zubkova V.I. Ugolovnoe zakonodatel'stvo evropeyskikh stran: sravnitel'no-pravovoe issledovanie: monografiya. M.: Yurlitinform, 2013. S. 259.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Yaponii URL: http://www.twirpx.com/file/239675/ (data obrashcheniya 18.07.2017).
Ugolovnyy kodeks Shveytsarii URL: http://www.twirpx.com/file/239667/ (data obrashcheniya 15.07.2017).
Ugolovnyy kodeks Federativnoy Respubliki Germanii URL: http://www.twirpx.com/file/1226404/ (data obrashcheniya 15.07.2017).
Ugolovnyy kodeks Ispanii / MGU im. M.V. Lomonosova. Yurid. fak. Kaf. ugolov. prava i kriminologii; [Per. s isp. V.P. Zyryan
Reference:
Mkrtchian S.. Significance of the title of Article 159.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in establishing the elements of fraud in the lending industry // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 10. – P. 1-12. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.10.24194.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.10.24194
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Abstract: This research is dedicated the study of the elements of crime set by Article 159.1 of the CCRF, based on the analysis of the concept of “fraud in the lending industry”, which forms the title of this work. The author meticulously examines such aspects as applicability of the Article 159.1 of CCRF for protection of the lending industry from fraud, identification of the victims of fraud in the lending industry, as well as signs of characteristics of such crime. Special attention is allocated to the problem of demarcation of the concepts of “deliberate false information” and “inaccurate information”, as well as designation of the object of fraud in the area of financed property acquired as the result of consumer or commercial lending. The novelty of this research consists in the fact that the author is first to examine the language used by the legislator in titling the Article 159.1 of the CCRF for perception and interpretation of the aforementioned criminal law.  
Keywords: Inaccurate information, Borrower, Commercial loan, Consumer loan, Collection agencies, Microloans, Secondary lenders, Lenders, Financial fraud, fraud
References:
Aleksandrova, I.A. Novoe ugolovnoe zakonodatel'stvo o moshennichestve / I.A. Aleksandrova // Vestnik Nizhegorodskoy akademii MVD Rossii. – 2013. – № 21. – S. 54-62.
Alekseev, A.A. Pravovoe regulirovanie bankovskogo kreditovaniya fizicheskikh lits: avtoref. diss. … kand. yurid. nauk / A.A. Alekseev. – Moskva, 2008. – 23 s.
Arkhiv Volzhskogo gorodskogo suda Volgogradskoy oblasti za 2014 god. Delo № 1-1117/2014.
Arkhiv Kirovskogo rayonnogo suda g. Volgograda za 2015 god. Delo № 1-137/2015.
Arkhiv mirovykh sudey sudebnogo uchastka № 34 g. Mikhaylovka Volgogradskoy oblasti za 2015 god. Delo № 1-34-07/2015.
Arkhiv mirovykh sudey sudebnogo uchastka № 72 Volgogradskoy oblasti za 2014 god. Delo № 1-72-37/2014.
Arkhiv mirovykh sudey sudebnogo uchastka № 135 Voroshilovskogo rayona g. Volgograda za 2015 god. Delo № 1-135-14/15.
Bezverkhov, A. Moshennichestvo i ego vidy: voprosy zakonodatel'noy reglamentatsii i kvalifikatsii / A. Bezverkhov // Ugolovnoe pravo. – 2015. – № 5. – S. 8-14.
Belogrits-Kotlyarevskiy, L.S. Ocherki kursa
Reference:
Bobrenev V.A.. Organization of prosecutorial supervision of legality and justification of refusals to institute a criminal case // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 10. – P. 13-19. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.10.24286.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.10.24286
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to the questions of organization of prosecutorial supervision of legality and justification of the decisions issued by the preliminary investigation bodies on refusals to institute a criminal case. The author reveals the procedural aspects of organization of prosecutorial[WU1]  oversight is this section of pre-trial proceedings, as well as the forms of interaction between the prosecutor’s office and bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation. The subject of this research is the norms of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, statistical data of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, court rulings, as well as scientific literature on this matter. The author notes a significant amount of cancelled by a prosecutor decrees on the refusal to initiate a criminal case alongside the common cases associated with the repeated cancellation by a prosecutor of the decrees on refusal to initiate a criminal case adopted based on the materials of inspecting the same claim, which testifies to the low quality of the investigative work. Due to this, for the purpose of remedying the situation, the author provides specific suggestions of procedural and organizational legal character.



 [WU1]


Keywords: Crime prevention, Access to justice, Criminal case initiation, Coordination meeting, Briefing session, Interaction, Organization of prosecutorial oversight, Investigation oversight, Inquiry, Prosecutorial supervision
References:
Tabolina K.A. O nedostatochnosti polnomochiy prokurora dlya obespecheniya effektivnogo nadzora v stadii vozbuzhdeniya ugolovnogo dela // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. 2014. № 6. S. 1208-1214;
Ryapolova Ya.P. Protsessual'nye deystviya prokurora po nadzoru za zakonnost'yu i obosnovannost'yu deystviy i resheniy na stadii vozbuzhdeniya ugolovnogo dela // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2012. № 14. S. 8-11;
Biryukova I.A., Kruglikov A.P. Rol' prokurora v realizatsii printsipa publichnosti v ugolovnom protsesse Rossii // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2014. № 10. S. 34-37;
Postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 iyunya 2013 goda № 14-P // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus»;
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie Nizhegorodskogo oblastnogo suda ot 28.06.2017 po delu № 11-19/2017 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus»;
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie Sverdlovskogo oblastnogo suda ot 02.11.2016 po delu № 33a-18954/2016 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus»;
Reshenie Moskovskogo gorodskogo suda ot 03.07.2017 po delu № 3a-704/2017 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus»;
Statistichesk
Reference:
Vinokurov A.Y.. To the question on the institution of new or newly discovered circumstances in prosecutor’s supervision // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 9. – P. 44-51. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.9.23957.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.9.23957
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the novelties enshrined in the Federal Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”, associated with introduction of the institution of new or newly discovered circumstances as grounds for second verification in carrying out prosecutorial supervision. The author underlines the absolute novelty for the area of the prosecutorial supervision legal relations of the aforementioned institution, but points out that this is certainly not the first case of inclusion of corresponding norms into legislation that does not regulate the issues of judicial procedure, and provides sections from two federal laws as an example. The author expresses hypotheses on possible complications, which can emerge in the practice of the prosecutor in realization of the norms of the Federal Law “On prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation”, which establishes the positions on new or newly discovered circumstances as grounds for second verification on adherence to the laws.
Keywords: Foundation check, new circumstances, legal violation, oversight, sources of information, execution of laws, newly discovered circumstances, re-inspection, Prosecutor, Prosecutor's inspection
References:
SZ RF. – 2006. – № 31 (ch. 1). – St. 3434 (s posled. izm.).
SZ RF. – 2008. – № 52 (ch. 1). – St. 6249 (s posl. izm.).
SZ RF. – 2015. – № 9. – St. 1389.
SZ RF. – 1995. – № 47. – St. 4472 (s posl. izm.).
SZ RF. – 2012. – № 53 (ch. 1). – St. 7600 (s posl. izm.).
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Reference:
Kunov I.M.. Legal nature, content and order of procedure on suspended criminal investigation // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 8. – P. 1-11. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.8.23745.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.8.23745
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the relevant issues of improvements to the mechanism of suspension of a criminal investigation, including assessment of the legal nature of the procedure, content and elements following the decision to suspend a criminal investigation. Among the elements of the subject of this research are the following normative acts: Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation; order of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation from January 9, 2017 No. 2 “On organization of procedural control in the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation”; the order of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation “On organization of the prosecutorial control over the procedure of the preliminary investigation authorities” from December 28, 2016 No. 826. The work yielded new information on the essence and legal nature of the work of investigators and detectives on suspended criminal cases. The author presents the examples and formulates a new definition of the concept of “other procedural activity”, as well as provides new arguments in advancement of the concept of allowability of procedure of investigative actions on suspended criminal cases.
Keywords: Investigator, Activity, Legal nature, Lawfulness, Investigative, Procedural, Actions, Suspension, Case, Criminal
References:
Repkin L.M. Priostanovlenie predvaritel'nogo sledstviya: ucheb. posobie. Volgograd: VSSh MVD RF, 1971. 127 s.
Sheyfer S.A. Sledstvennye deystviya. Sistema i protsessual'naya forma. M.: Yurlitinform, 2001. 208 c.
Solodovnik V.V. Ugolovno-protsessual'nye problemy instituta priostanovleniya predvaritel'nogo sledstviya: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. S.-Peterburg, 2011. 30 s.
Samiev N.M. Rabota sledovatelya po priostanovlennomu ugolovnomu delu o neraskrytom prestuplenii: planirovanie, osobennosti, effektivnost' // Yuridicheskaya nauka i pravookhranitel'naya praktika. 2015. № 3 (33). S. 183–191.
Popov A.M. Problemy sovershenstvovaniya osnovaniy i usloviy priostanovleniya predvaritel'nogo sledstviya: avtoref. dis. …kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2004. 26 s.
Ob organizatsii prokurorskogo nadzora za protsessual'noy deyatel'nost'yu organov predvaritel'nogo sledstviya: prikaz General'noy prokuratury RF ot 28 dekabrya 2016 g. № 826 // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus
Popov A.M. Neustanovlenie litsa, podlezhashchego privlecheniyu v kachestve obvinyaem
Reference:
Bratanovskii S.N., Zelenov M.F.. Diplasty of law and morality in determination of the notion of “corruption” // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 7. – P. 9-18. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.7.18030.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.7.18030
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Abstract: The subject of this article is the theoretical problems in determining the notion of “corruption”, associated with identification of diplasty (combination) of such social phenomena as law and morality. The currently existing in legal literature conceptual approaches towards the term “corruption” to an extent endure the oversimplified understanding of this question, which often emerges from the insight that such phenomenon is based on the corruption[WU1]  legal violation, but sidestepping the presence of other corruption phenomena that are not illegitimate, in its essence carry a corruption character. Among them, a significant place is held by the amoral actions (ethical trespass). In particular, it translates into the fact that moral norms unlike the legal are always legitimate, because it is the main condition of their formation and impact. If one or another behavioral norm is not supported by the majority of society or a separate social group, it becomes “vain”.  Special attention is given to the legal concept that suggests relying upon the presumption of their illegitimacy, rather than presumption of amorality of manifestations of corruption. A conclusion is made that the misuse of public status for personal purposes represents a corruption legal violation. The scientific novelty of this research consists in articulation of the theoretical problems on improving the anticorruption legislation.



 [WU1]


Keywords: Legislation, Personal interest, Public interest, Government, Corruption offense, Legal violation , Interest, Morality, Law, Corruption
References:
Mamitova N.V. Problemy provedeniya antikorruptsionnoy ekspertizy normativnykh pravovykh aktov i ikh proektov v sovremennoy Rossii // Yuridicheskie issledovaniya. - 2014. - 11. - C. 1 - 14. DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2014.11.13381. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_13381.html
Kudashkin A.V., Kozlov T.L. Eshche raz o pravovom ponyatii korruptsii // Sovremennoe pravo. 2010. № 6. S. 3.
Fedorovskaya M.A. Nekotorye osobennosti sistemy gosudarstvennogo upravleniya v tamozhennykh organakh // Finansovoe pravo. 2009. № 4. S. 17.
Makarov A.A., Chuprov V.M. Administrativno-pravovye i ekonomicheskie problemy protivodeystviya korruptsii v organakh vlasti i upravleniya // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. 2010. № 6.S.49-55
Goncharenko G.S. Ponyatie, sushchnost' i vidy korruptsii sovremennoy Rossii // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. 2010. № 6. S. 60.
Slovar' inostrannykh slov. 15-e izd., ispr. M.: Rus. yaz., 1988. S. 594.
Filosofiya: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / Pod red. A.A. Ivina. M.: Gardariki, 2004. S. 203.
Etika: E
Reference:
Bayanov D.A.. Sanctions of norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on crimes in the area of entrepreneurship // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 6. – P. 63-77. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.6.22943.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.6.22943
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the sanctions of norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (CCRF) on crimes in the area of entrepreneurship. The author conducts a detailed analysis of the aforementioned sanctions from the perspective of criminal punishments used in their structuring, as well as evaluates the level of alternativeness of such sanctions and justification of application of the cumulative construct of sanctions by a legislator. The author also examines the limits of the sanctions, and calculates the medians of punishment in form of penalty and incarceration. In addition, the article compares the size of penalty and prison sentences stipulated by sanctions of norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on crimes in the area of entrepreneurial activity for the purpose of establishing the presence (or absence) of correlations between them. The author comes to a conclusion that there is no uniform scientific approach towards the structuring of sanctions of norms of the CCRF on crimes in the area of entrepreneurial activity, which manifests in a number of major flaws of the sanctions: 1) insufficient fluency in escalation of repression of a punishment within the alternative sanctions; 2) illogical and inefficient implementation of a cumulative construct of sanctions by a legislator; 3) excessive range of the limits of crimes within the sanction, which unreasonably expands the frames of judicial discretion and affects the infliction of just punishment. Thus, it necessitates the establishment of a solid scientific foundation for structuring the sanctions of norms pertaining to crime in the area of entrepreneurship.
Keywords: penalty, punishment, median of punishment, alternativeness of sanctions, limits of sanctions, structuring of sanctions, criminal sanctions, crime, Entrepreneural activity, Incarceration
References:
Tkesheliadze G.T. Sudebnaya praktika i ugolovnyy zakon: avtoref. dis ... dokt. yurid. nauk. M., 1981. S. 42.
Samvelyan K.R. Ugolovno-pravovye sanktsii: problemy konstruirovaniya i primeneniya: dis ... kand. yurid. nauk. Volgograd, 1997. S. 144.
Naumov A.V. O korruptsionnykh vozmozhnostyakh shirokogo usmotreniya pravoprimenitelya v ugolovnykh delakh i probelakh v novom antikorruptsionnom zakonodatel'stve // Aktual'nye problemy realizatsii natsional'noy antikorruptsionnoy politiki: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov / Otv. redaktor S.V. Maksimov. M., 2010. S. 115.
Lopashenko N.A. Dopuskaemoe ugolovnym zakonom usmotrenie kak real'noe proyavlenie kriminogennosti ugolovno-pravovykh norm // Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI veke. M., 2006. S. 115-116.
Kruglikov L.L. Sboi v konstruirovanii sanktsiy v ugolovnom zakonodatel'stve // Yuridicheskaya tekhnika. 2008. № 2. S. 113.
Tagantsev N.S. Russkoe ugolovnoe pravo. Lektsii. Chast' obshchaya. V 2 t. T. 2. SPb., 1902. S. 98.
Zhilyaev S.V. Kumulyativnye sanktsii v ugolovnom prave Rossii i zarubezhny
Reference:
Urda M.N., Sheveleva S.V.. Fraud in obtaining benefits under the legislation of foreign countries in the context of combating scientific misconduct in carrying out state tasks // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 5. – P. 17-26. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.5.22818.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.5.22818
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Abstract: This research is devoted to a comparative analysis of the criminal legal means of countering misconduct when receiving payments, a type of which is fraud in the field of scientific research in the performance of a state task. The subject of the work is the norms of foreign legislation. Research objective is to formulate the main approaches towards the regulation of the liability for fraud when receiving payments and comparable acts in legislation of foreign countries, and optimization of the Russian criminal legislation on liability for fraud, taking into account international rulemaking experience. The methodological basis of the work is a comparative legal method of research. The authors also used the methods of analysis and abstraction. The new results obtained include: highlighting the main approaches in formulating the encroachment in question in foreign legislation; the conclusion that the special norms on fraudulent activities with subsidies in the criminal legislation of individual countries are not fully comparable to the Russian counterpart of the norm (Article 159.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), and therefore, the foreign experience in designing their dispositions is not very suitable for interpreting fraud in obtaining State grants in the Russian criminal law; attention is drawn to the need for a uniform definition of the punishability of general and special types of fraud, according to how this is reflected in the criminal legislation of foreign countries, differentiating responsibility for fraudulent abuse, depending on the sphere of commission, the subject and methods of criminal encroachment. The obtained results deepen the content of comparative criminal law and can be used in teaching criminal disciplines, as well as improving Russian criminal law.
Keywords: subsidies, foreign legislation, crimes, punishability of acts, fraud counteraction , differentiation of fraud, criminal legislation, grant fraud, disposition rules, sanction rules
References:
Ersegovak Z., Richardson D. Akademicheskoe moshennichestvo i plagiat v vek tsifrovykh tekhnologiy: obzor literatury // Distantsionnoe i virtual'noe obuchenie. M.: Izdatel'stvo sovremennogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. №2. 2005. S. 301-319
Aushra A. Nauchnaya elektronnaya biblioteka kak sredstvo bor'by s Plagiatom // Educatio№al Tech№ology & Society. 2006. №9(3). S. 270 – 276.
Primery moshennichestva. Moshennichestvo v nauke. URL: http://antifraud.narod.ru/fraud-example3.html
Ugolovnyy kodeks Frantsii (po sostoyaniyu na 1 iyulya 2000 g.) ). URL: http:// crimpravo.ru›codecs/france/2.doc
Ugolovnyy kodeks Ispanii. URL: http://artlibrary2007.narod.ru›kodeks/ispanii_uk.doc
Ugolovnyy kodeks Golandii. URL: http://www.crimpravo.ru/page/zar-uk
Ugolovnyy kodeks Argentiny. URL: http://www.crimpravo.ru/page/zar-uk
Ugolovnyy kodeks Bel'gii (po sostoyaniyu na 1 sentyabrya 2001g.). URL: http://www.crimpravo.ru/page/zar-uk
Ugolovnyy kodeks Kitayskoy narodnoy respubliki.URL: http://www.crimpravo.ru/page/zar-uk
Ugolovny
Reference:
Kravchenko R.. To the question of social legal content of public danger of the criminal violations of rules and safety requirements in rendering services // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 2. – P. 51-59. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.2.21866.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.2.21866
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Abstract: This article gives special attention to the analysis of the elements of public danger of crimes associates with violation of rules and safety requirements in rendering services. The author describes the peculiarities of public danger of the criminal violation of rules and safety requirements in rendering services that are expressed in elements of the composition of crimes and serve as the indicators of public danger. The work examines the question of demarcation of administrative violations and crimes committed in this sphere based on the content of their public danger. The main conclusion of this research consists in description of interconnection between the content of elements of the composition of crimes associated with the violation of rules and safety requirements in rendering services, as well as their character and level of public danger. The author substantiates the specificities of social legal content of public danger of this category of crime.
Keywords: Public danger, Object of encroachment, Criminal consequences, Sphere of commission of crime, Characteristic of act, Subject of crime, Means of crime, Rendering of hazardous services, Criminal violations, Criminal law
References:
Prigovor Nyandomskogo rayonnogo suda Arkhangel'skoy oblasti ot 29 avgusta 2014 g. URL: http://www.sudrf.ru (data obrashcheniya 01.06.2015).
Ugolovnoe pravo Rossii. Obshchaya chast' [Tekst]: uchebnik / [A.V. Brilliantov [i dr.]; red. I.E. Zvecharovskiy; Akad. Gener. prokuratury Ros. Federatsii. M.: Norma : INFRA-M, 2010. 639 s.
Kravchenko R.M. K voprosu o sposobe soversheniya prestupleniy, svyazannykh s narusheniem pravil i trebovaniy bezopasnosti pri vypolnenii rabot i okazanii uslug [Teks] / R.M. Kravchenko // 20 let Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Itogi primeneniya i perspektivy razvitiya : materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (g. Vologda, 10 iyunya 2016 goda) / M-vo obrazovaniya i nauki RF; Vologodskiy gos. un-t; [otv. red. V.P. Silkin]. Vologda: VoGU, 2016. S. 56-60. — Bibliogr.: s. 106.
O praktike naznacheniya sudami Rossiyskoy Federatsii ugolovnogo nakazaniya: Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 22.12.2015 № 58 // Konsul'tantPlyus. VersiyaProf [Elektronnyy resurs]. — URL : http://www.consul
Reference:
Nikultseva A.. Humanization of criminal legislation in the German legislation: negative consequences on the path of overcoming of imperfections in criminal legislation // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 1. – P. 19-30. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.17279.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.17279
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the negative consequences of humanization of the German criminal legislation and search for the solutions on its improvement. The author analyzed the efficiency of humanization of the German criminal legislation from the perspective of accumulated experience. On the example of the work with migrants, youth, and family violence, the article demonstrates some negative aspects of humanization. The article explores the causes for derogatory attitude towards the German law, which results in increase of the crime level in the most non-conformist environment among the teenagers and migrants. Despite the evident positive aspects and lack of alternative of the general course towards humanization, certain implemented changes into the criminal legislation of Germany did not prove their effectiveness. First and foremost, humanization of the criminal legislation does not resolve the issued associated with migrants – too soft of a treatment can lead to worsening of the situation and further marginalization and criminalization. It also applies to the teenagers, who due to their psychological specificities are not able to adequately use their rights, but ignore their responsibilities. The performed analysis carries an important practical meaning and can be taken into account in the course of humanization of the Russian legislation.
Keywords: Humanization, Negative consequences, Analysis, Decriminalization, Youth, Migrants, Fair punishment, Germany, Criminal law, Criminal legislation
References:
Opferschutzbeauftragte der Polizeidirektion Gotha [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.thueringen.de/de/polizei/gotha/opferschutz/beauftragter/content.html
Steinherr C. Prävention durch Realisierung von Opferschutz. Aus der Praxis einer bayerischen Beauftragten der Polizei für Frauen und Kinder / C. Steinherr // Kriminalistik. 1995. Nr. 12. S. 799.
Wilhelm B. Die Bekämpfung des Menschenhandels aus polizeilicher Sicht [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.hss.de/fileadmin/migration/downloads/Wilhelm.pdf
Shtikht K Naskol'ko kriminal'na molodezh'? / K. Shtikht [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.goethe.de/ges/soz/dos/jug/sj s/ru2767218.htm.
Golikov G.A. Prestupnost' v kontekste migratsionnykh protsessov / G.A. Golikov // Bor'ba s prestupnost'yu za rubezhom. 2008. № 7. S. 13-22.
Imloul 8. Lawine von Verbrochenen / Imloul, Sonia. Deutschland: Frankfurt, 2014. 127 s.
Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik 2014 [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.bm
Reference:
Safaryan G.O.. The concept of improvement of the procedural status of a victim in criminal process // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 1. – P. 31-38. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.21559.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.21559
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Abstract:  
The subject of this research is the status of a victim as the main participant of criminal procedure, whose rights and legal interests are protected on priority basis. The author substantiates that despite the adopted by legislator measures (of December 28, 2013 and later) on optimization of the procedural status of a victim, there is still a need for improvement of his rights. Based on the analysis of the acting legislation and various points of view among the scholars, the article determines a trend towards the actual alignment of the volume of right between the victim and the accused. At the same time, the legislator did not consider the situations, in which the accused does not realize the granted rights or even avoids the participation in criminal procedure. The scientific novelty of this work consists in determination of status of a victim in the criminal process at the current stage of development of the Russian criminal procedure that differs from the earlier proposed approaches, including formulation of a conclusion on the need for demarcation of the procedural status of a victim of crime, taking into account his legal interest as a civil plaintiff, victim, and witness.
Keywords: witness, civil plaintiff, legal interests, rights, status, victim, criminal process, participants, improvement, optimization
References:
Kashepov, V. P. Rasshirenie prav poterpevshego v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve / V. P. Kashepov // Kommentariy sudebnoy praktiki / pod red. K. B. Yaroshenko. M.: KONTRAKT, 2015. Vyp. 20. S. 197−218.
Sostoyanie prestupnosti – yanvar'-iyun' 2016 g. // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
O vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nye zakonodatel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii v tselyakh sovershenstvovaniya prav poterpevshikh v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: Federal'nyy zakon ot 28 dekabrya 2013 g. № 432-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2013. № 52 (ch. I). St. 6997.
O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii v chasti utochneniya polnomochiy nachal'nika organa doznaniya i doznavatelya: Federal'nyy zakon ot 30 marta 2015 g. № 440-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2016. № 1. St. 60.
Sharov D. V. Obespechenie prav poterpevshego v dosudebnom proizvodstve: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2006. 22 s.
Komissarov, V. I. Garantii prav poterpevshego v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve / V. I. Komissar
Reference:
Grigoriev D.A.. Characteristics of objective signs of participation in a crime syndicate (Part 2 of Article 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 1. – P. 39-46. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.21632.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.1.21632
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Abstract: The subject of this work is the Part 2 of Article 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which stipulates criminal responsibility for participation in criminal syndicate (criminal organization); assemblage of the Russian normative legal acts of the XVII-XXI centuries, associated with establishment of the responsibility for organization of crime syndicates along with the membership therein; international legal acts that regulate responsibility for the organized criminal activity; judicial practice on criminal cases pertaining to organization of criminal community or participation in it; as well as problematic questions, opinions of the scholars reflected in scientific publications on the topic of research. The result of this work consists in refutation of position of a number of authors regarding the fact that for the acknowledgment of a member of crime syndicate as such, he must fulfil the role of executor, organizer, aider and abettor in one of the planned by the syndicate crime. The conclusion and scientific novelty of this research consists in formulation of the necessary set of features of the objective site of composition of participation in a crime syndicate, as well as author’s interpretation of their content. This article can be used by the law enforcement agencies in disputable situations regarding the presence or absence of the signs of composition of a crime, stipulated by the Article 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: distribution of roles, Criminal Code of the Russian Federation , criminal complicity, point of conclusion of a crime , participation in criminal syndicate, criminal syndicate, causal connection, result of crime, secured activity, considerable contribution
References:
Fatkullina M.B. Kvalifikatsiya organizatsii prestupnogo soobshchestva (prestupnoy organizatsii) (st. 210 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii): uchebnoe posobie / M.B. Fatkullina, I.V. Golubykh, T.V. Morozova, K.N. Sharshin. Ekaterinburg: Ural'skiy yuridicheskiy institut MVD Rossii, 2008. 36 s.
Skopinskiy A.V. O prestupnykh soobshchestvakh // Zhurnal Ministerstva yustitsii. 1907. № 10. S. 8-9. Garant [elektronnyy resurs]: spravochnaya pravovaya sistema. – rezhim dostupa: http: // www.garant.ru. – Zaglavie s ekrana.
O sudebnoy praktike rassmotreniya ugolovnykh del ob organizatsii prestupnogo soobshchestva (prestupnoy organizatsii): post. Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 10 iyunya 2008 g. № 8 // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2008. 18 iyunya.
O sudebnoy praktike rassmotreniya ugolovnykh del ob organizatsii prestupnogo soobshchestva (prestupnoy organizatsii) ili uchastii v nem (ney): post. Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 10 iyunya 2010 g. № 12 // Rossiyskaya gazeta. 2010. 17 iyunya.
Mondokhonov A.N. Otvetstvennost' za organizatsiyu prestupnogo soobshchestva (prestupn
Reference:
Teplyashin P.V.. South European type of penitentiary systems // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 12. – P. 1458-1465.
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Abstract: This article gives briefly describes the South European penitentiary type, which is characterized by the weak manifestation of the elements of progressive penitentiary system, wide use of the practice of volunteer and social work of the inmates outside the correctional facility, and active application of medical therapy with realization of subsequent rehabilitation programs. Attention is given to the fact that on the background of active support of progressive standards of inmate treatment in prisons, the reports of members of the CPT who have visited Italy, San-Marino, Malta, and Cyprus reflect separate violation of rights of inmates or other deficiencies in organization of the work of prisons. The novelty of this research is justified by the significant lack of research of penitentiary practices of these states. A conclusion is made that in the conditions of the ambiguous reform of the Russian penal system the analysis of the South European penitentiary type justifies appropriate scientific interest towards further typological comparative legal research of the entire European penitentiary map.
Keywords: Central prison, Prison rules, Type of penitentiary system, Resocialization, Housing regime, Prevention of torture, Drugs, Execution of criminal punishment, Inmate, Corradino Correctional Facility
References:
Report to the Government of Cyprus on the visit to Cyprus carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 12 to 19 May 2008. URL: http://www.cpt.coe.int/documents/cyp/2012-34-inf-eng.pdf (data poseshcheniya 27.01.2016).
Response of the Government of San Marino to the report of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) on its visit to San Marino from 29 January to 1 February 2013. URL: http://www.cpt.coe.int/documents/smr/2014-34-inf-eng.pdf (data poseshcheniya 24.01.2016).
Rapport au Gouvernement de Saint-Marin relatif à la visite effectuée à Saint-Marin par le Comité européen pour la prevention de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants (CPT) du 29 janvier au 1er février 2013. URL: http://www.cpt.coe.int/documents/smr/2014-33-inf-fra.pdf (data poseshcheniya 24.01.2016).
Prison populations in Eur
Reference:
Teslenko A.V.. To the question of addressee of knowingly false report: comparative legal analysis of the Russian, European, and U. S. legislations // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 12. – P. 1466-1472.
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the addressee of knowingly false reports of a crime or an individual committing it, since designation of such addressee does not exist in the Russian Criminal Code (Article 306). A special attention is given to the scientific discourse on this issue, which has gone on for several years. The author carefully examines different versions of branches and officials to which a knowingly false report should be directed in order to qualify the crime according to Article 306 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, suggested by the Russian legal experts. The author justifies the proposal to introduce changes in the disposition of the Article 306 of the CCRF pertaining to the department for handling knowingly false reports. It is proposed to express the disposition of the Part 1 of the Article 306 of the CCRF in the following way: “knowingly false report to an agency or an official authorized to carry out criminal investigation and/or enforce law, and equally the court on commission of a crime”.
Keywords: legal authorities, false accusation, crime, justice, motive, purpose, false accusation, court, false report, lie
References:
Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya / Pod red. Galakhovoy A.V. M.: Norma, 2005. 416 c.
Anuchina A.I. Zavedomo lozhnyy donos: nekotorye voprosy kvalifikatsii i dokazyvaniya // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii. 2013. № 2(58). S.73-77.
Fedorov A.V. Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya (voprosy istorii, ponyatiya i klassifikatsii) / Otv. redaktor A.I.Chuchaev. Kaluga: Izd-vo AKF «Politop», 2004. 284 c.
Sinel'nikov A.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za uklonenie ot osushchestvleniya ugolovnogo presledovaniya i prinyatiya mer k ego obespecheniyu: problemy zakonodatel'noy reglamentatsii i differentsiatsii / Volgograd, Izd-vo VolGU, 2010. 210 c.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Shtata Tekhas / Nauch. Red. I.D. Kozochkin. SPb.: Yuridicheskiy tsentr Press, 2006. 576 c.
Sinel'nikov A.V. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za uklonenie ot osushchestvleniya ugolovnogo presledovaniya i prinyatiya mer k ego obespecheniyu: problemy zakonodatel'noy reglamentatsii i differentsiatsii / Volgograd, Izd-vo VolGU, 2010. 210 c.
Reference:
Lobanova L.V., Mkrtchyan S.M.. To the question of improving the criminal legal means system of incentivizing positive post-criminal behavior of individuals who have committed acquisitive crimes; with consideration of foreign legislative practice // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 12. – P. 1452-1457.
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the law set by the Article 76.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which allows releasing first offenders of low and medium gravity crimes from criminal liability by ordering a fine, as well as foreign counterparts of this law. Special attention is given to the problem of regulation of grounds for such criminal legal incentivizing, questions of realization of these grounds with regards to individuals who have committed acquisitive crime (theft or other acts aimed at acquiring property for the offender). The relevance of this research consists in the fact that it is dedicated to the new grounds for release from criminal liability and allowed determining insufficiency in prevention of crime, which accounts for majority of all committed crimes in Russia. The novelty of this research is reflected in the acquired results. The authors formulate a conclusion that the current edition of the Article 76.2 does not orient the law enforcement towards seeking the possibility of achieving the goals of criminal liability using legal measures which are not punishment.
Keywords: Punishment, Medium gravity crime, Low gravity crime, Criminal legal incentive, Criminal liability, Foreign legislation, Fine, Signs of acquisitive motivation, Acquisitive crime, Positive post-criminal behavior
References:
Postanovlenie o prekrashchenii ugolovnogo dela Sovetsko-Gavanskogo garnizonnogo voennogo suda ot 05 oktyabrya 2016 goda po ugolovnomu delu № 1-5/2016 // Rezhim dostupa: https://rospravosudie.com/court-sovetsko-gavanskij-garnizonnyj-voennyj-sud-xabarovskij-kraj-s/act-535232069
Postanovlenie mirovogo sud'i sudebnogo uchastka № 34 g. Mikhailovka Volgogradskoi oblasti ot 18 iyulya 2016 goda po delu № 1-34-37/2016 // Rezhim dostupa: https://rospravosudie.com/court-sudebnyj-uchastok-34-mixajlovskogo-rajona-s/act-231003106/
Dudchenko, M.Yu. Osvobozhdenie ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti s naznacheniem sudebnogo shtrafa: vozmozhnye problemy na praktike / M.Yu. Dudchenko // Ugolovnyi protsess. 2016. № 10. – S. 59-63.
Kostrova, M.B. Termin «litso, vpervye sovershivshee prestuplenie» v kontekste vzaimosvyazi ugolovnogo i inykh otraslei rossiiskogo prava / M.B. Kostrova // Lex russica. 2015. № 8. – S. 70-83.
Luneev, V.V. Kurs mirovoi i rossiiskoi kriminologii: uchebnik. V 2 t. T. II. Osobennaya chast' / V.V.
Reference:
Popov A.A.. Ensuring the legality of the investigative actions with participation of minors through prosecutor’s supervision // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 11. – P. 1378-1382.
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to the questions of ensuring the legality of the investigative actions regarding or with participation of minors by the procedural and organizational means of prosecutor’s supervision, as well as through prosecutor’s participation in coordination of the work of law enforcement bodies in the struggle against crime. The subject of this research is the norms of the Criminal Procedural Law of the Russian Federation, Federal Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, organizational and administrative documents of the General Prosecutor of Russia, judicial practice, as well as scientific literature on this topic. The author concludes that the reported in recent time growth in the number of minors involved in the criminal court procedures, which in turn substantiates the increase of the amount of violations committed by investigators during the process of investigation with participation of minors, predetermines the need for activation of the national institutions for protection of rights and freedoms of the minors, among which a special place belong to the prosecutor’s supervision. At the same time, for realistic and complete protection of right of the minors in criminal procedure, the prosecutor’s office must use their entire procedural and organizational potential within the framework of realization of supervision over the legality of the work of investigators.
Keywords: Fight against crime, Coordination of work, Preliminary investigation, Criminal procedure, Investigative agencies, Prosecutor’s office, Minors, Investigative actions, Supervision over investigation, Prosecutor’s supervision
References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 17.01.1992 № 2202-1 «O prokurature Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 18.04.1996 № 567 «O koordinatsii deyatel'nosti pravookhranitel'nykh organov po bor'be s prestupnost'yu» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Prikaz Genprokuratury RF ot 26.11.2007 № 188 «Ob organizatsii prokurorskogo nadzora za ispolneniem zakonov o nesovershennoletnikh i molodezhi» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Anisimov G.G. Organizatsiya prokurorskogo nadzora za ispolneniem zakonov pri privlechenii litsa v kachestve obvinyaemogo: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2010. S. 86.
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie Verkhovnogo Suda Kabardino-Balkarskoy Respubliki ot 29 dekabrya 2015 goda po delu № 22-840/2015. URL: http://sudact.ru/regular/doc/szdAx8J2HExj/?regular-txt=®ular-case_doc=22-840%2F2015+®ular-doc_type=®ular-date_from=®ular-date_to=®ular-workflow_stage=®ular-area=1031®ular-court=®ular-judge=&_=1477321027711 (data obrashcheniya: 23.10.2016).
Apellyatsionnoe opredelenie Volgogradsko
Reference:
Kakitelashvili M.M.. The right of the prosecutor’s legislative initiative in legislative (representative) bodies of state authority of the constituents of the Russian Federation // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 11. – P. 1366-1371.
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to the examination of the legal ground and practice of prosecutor’s participation in the lawmaking process of legislative (representative) bodies of state authority of the constituents of the Russian Federation. The object and subject of this research became the social relations in the area of implementation of legislative initiative by the prosecutors of the constituents of the Russian Federation, as well as the established practice of interaction between the prosecution agencies and regional parliaments. The goal of this work consists in substantiation of the prosecutor’s special role in legislative process, which is aimed ensuring the unity of the legal space and legal order. Based on the dialectical materialism as the foundation of rational cognition, the author conducts an analysis of the modern practice of prosecutor’s participation in lawmaking activity in the legislative (representative) bodies of state authority of the constituents of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made that participation of the prosecutor in lawmaking activity contributes into provision of the unity of the legal space in the Russian Federation. The author proposes an original explanation of the reasonableness of vesting the prosecutors of the constituents of the Russian Federation with the right of legislative initiative in the representative (legislative) bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation. The author highlights the main directions of the lawmaking activity of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: Legislative bill, Lawmaking, Deputy, Legal order, Normative legal act, Unity of the legal space, Charter, Constitution, Regional parliament, Prosecutor
References:
Zhidkikh A.A. Uchastie prokuratury v obespechenii konstitutsionnoi zakonnosti v formirovanii zakonodatel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki.-2013.-11.-C. 51-63. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.11.9685. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_9685.html
M.N. Fedorets Razmyshleniya o stanovlenii federalizma v sovremennoi Rossii // Pravo i politika.-2012.-11.-C. 1806-1815.
Petrova L.I., Alborova E.Yu. Uchastie prokurorov sub''ektov Federatsii v pravotvorchestve regional'nykh organov gosudarstvennoi vlasti i organov mestnogo samoupravleniya // Zakonnost'. 2013. № 1.
Manakova S.G., Petrova L.I. Realizatsiya konstitutsionnykh ustanovlenii organami prokuratury v pravotvorcheskoi deyatel'nosti // Zakonnost'. 2013. № 12.
Zavrazhnov E.V. Pravotvorcheskaya funktsiya organov prokuratury // Zakonnost'. 2014. № 7.
Kovin V.A. Uchastie prokuratury v pravotvorcheskoi deyatel'nosti organov gosudarstvennoi vlasti i organov mestnogo samoupravleniya // Zakonnost'. 2013. №
Zhidkikh A.
Reference:
Klimanova O.V.. On the validity of qualification of crimes in cases of accelerated prosecution // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 11. – P. 1372-1377.
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Abstract: During the hearing of a criminal case with accelerated prosecution there is a question of the bases of qualification of a crime, whether it may be proved not only by set of facts of the case and components of crime, but also agreement between the sides for the purpose of stimulation of the accused (suspect) to reach a compromise. This work examines this issue taking into account the legal nature of the considered institution, which seems somewhat ambiguous because of the unresolved issue of a possibility of its definition as a deal (agreement). The author uses general scientific and private methods of cognition, including methods of formal legal, legal comparative, systemic and structural analysis. As a result of the research the author acknowledges the necessity to define and formalize this institution as a “deal”, because of existence of signs of a deal (agreement), which characterize this concept in private law, and also due to coinciding criminal procedure experience of foreign countries. Proceeding from it, and also in view of the purposes of this institution – acceleration of consideration of criminal case and (or) assistance to justice – in making decision on application of some type of special process, it is necessary to allow for the possibility of qualification of the crime on the basis of the reached agreement. However in this case it is necessary to attach special significance to the legality of making of all legally valid decisions on application of this procedure and ensuring the right for protection for the accused (suspect).
Keywords: confession, validity of charge, principle of expediency, principle of legality, qualification of crimes, expedited investigation, plea deal, accelerated prosecution, proving, plea bargain
References:
Bykov V.M., Bykov A.M. Storona zashchity pri zaklyuchenii s prokurorom dosudebnogo soglasheniya o sotrudnichestve // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2010. № 9. S. 18 – 22.
Lazareva V.A. Legalizatsiya sdelok o priznanii viny // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 1999. № 5. S. 41-44.
Rarog A.I. Nastol'naya kniga sud'i po kvalifikatsii prestupleniy: prakticheskoe posobie– M.: Prospekt, 2006. – 224 s.
Kruglikov A.P. Dopolnenie UPK RF novoy glavoy o doznanii v sokrashchennoy forme i nekotorye problemy differentsiatsii ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Rossiyskaya yustitsiya. 2013. № 7. S. 45-50.
Panokin A.M. Doznanie v sokrashchennoy forme // Aktual'nye problemy rossiyskogo prava. 2014. № 5. S. 914-918.
Aleksandrov A.S., Kuchin A.F., Smolin A.G. Pravovaya priroda instituta, reglamentirovannogo glavoy 40 UPK RF // Rossiyskiy sud'ya. 2007. № 7. S. 16-18.
Lazareva V.A., Kuvaldina Yu.V. Problemy pravovogo regulirovaniya i primeneniya instituta dosudebnogo soglasheniya o sotrudnichestve // Biblioteka kriminalista: N
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Komarov A.A.. Jurisdiction of transnational computer crimes in accordance with the German legislation // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 10. – P. 1287-1293.
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the system of norms of criminal legislation that defines the boundaries of its jurisdiction. The author sequentially refers to the norms of Russian and foreign legislation in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of this topic. In this particular case the author uses German criminal code and compares it with its current Russian counterpart. For this purpose we have examined the examples of formalization of the territorial, personal, passive personal, real and universal principles in the German Criminal Code. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the fact that the author is first to base the analysis on both, the current criminal laws of Russia and Germany, as well as the historical sources (Criminal Code of the RSFSR and Criminal Code of the GDR), which undoubtedly affected the doctrine of criminal law. The author was able to determine the certain regularities in development of German criminal law, which distinguish it from Russian legislation, as well as legislation of the countries of Common Law.
Keywords: territorial jurisdiction, Ort der Tat, cybercrime, jurisdiction, StGB, Strafgesetzbuch, Internet, Germany, phishing, German Democratic Republic
References:
D.K. Chirkov, A.Zh. Sarkisyan Prestupnost' v sfere vysokikh tekhnologii: tendentsii i perspektivy // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. 2013. № 1. C. 20 - 26. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2013.01.3.
Komarov A.A. Problema pravovogo regulirovaniya Internet v tselyakh presecheniya pravonarushenii, sovershaemykh v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnikh. // Voprosy bezopasnosti. 2015. № 4. C. 28 - 48. DOI: 10.7256/2409-7543.2015.4.17103. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/nb/article_17103.html
Gertsenzon A.A. Ugolovnoe pravo. Chast' obshchaya. M., 1948. 496 s.
Trainin A.N. Izbrannye trudy. SPb.: Izd-vo «Yuridicheskii tsentr Press», 2004. 898 s.
Komarov A.A. O vozmozhnosti primeneniya territorial'nogo printsipa deistviya ugolovnogo zakona v prostranstve, primenitel'no k prestupleniyam v Internet // Yuridicheskie issledovaniya. 2016. № 8. S. 17-26.
Zhalinskii A.E. Sovremennoe nemetskoe ugolovnoe pravo. M.: TK Velbi, Izd-vo Prospekt, 2006. 560 s.
Apellyatsionnyi sud Berlina. Appelyatsionnoe reshenie A
Reference:
Khokhrin S.A.. Prevention of crime in correctional facilities: problems and solutions // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 10. – P. 1273-1277.
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Abstract: This research explores the following: norms of criminal and criminal procedural legislation that regulate the key positions on prison crimes; normative legal acts that regulate the order of functionality of correctional facilities; materials from surveys of employees of correctional facilities; disciplinary practice of correctional facilities and personal profiles of inmates who committed crimes while in prison; criminogenic determinants that contribute to commission of crime in correctional facilities, the system of measures on their prevention, as well as court cases on this category of crimes; materials from cell searches and personal cases on inmates; financial records. Based on examination of the empirical material and analysis of the statistical data, the author determines the key issues of correctional facilities in the area of crime prevention. The author proposes measures for individual prevention of actions aimed at disorganizing the work of facilities that provide isolation from society. A claim is made that there is a need to consider factors that contribute to commission of crime and devise certain measures on their prevention. The author proposes introduction of new approaches towards individual crime prevention and job placement for inmates for the purpose of their resocialization and prevention of prison crimes.  
Keywords: Imprisonment, Punishment, Violence, Criminal identity, Work placement, Video surveillance, Convict, Crime, Preventative measures, Prison crime
References:
Abel'tsev S.N. Lichnost' prestupnika i problemy kriminal'nogo nasiliya. M., 2010
Bekkaria Ch. O prestupleniyakh i nakazaniyakh. — M.: Firma «Stels», 1995.
Kazak B.B. Voprosy teorii i praktiki upravleniya v usloviyakh reformirovaniya UIS: Sb. nauch. tr. – Ryazan', Akademiya prava i upravleniya Minyusta Rossii, 2001.
Kursom ukrepleniya pravoporyadka i zakonnosti // Vedomosti UIS, № 9, 2008.
Mikhlin A.S. Lichnost' osuzhdennykh k lisheniyu svobody i problemy ikh ispravleniya i perevospitaniya. Frunze, 1980
Sturova M.P. Vospitatel'naya sistema ispravitel'no-trudovykh uchrezhdeniy (teoretiko-pedagogicheskiy i organizatsionnyy aspekty): Dis. … d-ra ped. nauk v forme nauch. dok. M., 1991.
Opyt gosudarstvenno-chastnogo partnerstva UFSIN Rossii po respublike Komi : analit. obzor. / S.A Khokhrin S.N. Smirnov. – Ryazan': Akademiya FSIN Rossii, 2014.
Reference:
Polukarov A.V.. Problems in and improvements to the practice of designating some forms of punishment for crimes of corruption in the social sphere // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 10. – P. 1278-1286.
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Abstract: This article focuses on the issues of legal and organizational character associated with the improvement of prescribing practices for certain punishments for crimes of corruption in the social sphere. The author carefully considers the aspects of the topic such as improving the practice of sentencing for crimes of corruption in the Russian Federation. Analysis is conducted on the practice of application of these penalties in recent years. It is noted that the practice of sentencing for corruption (including for crimes of corruption in the social sphere) constantly changed, which is linked to the constant reform of the criminal law in terms of punishment for corruption according to the criminal code. This work also analyzes the judicial practice in this sphere. The main contribution made by the author in this article is that the key directions of improving the practice of sentencing for crimes of corruption in the social sphere should be reduction in the use of the penalty of imprisonment. The author concludes that the systemic application of prison sentences for this category of crime should be replaced with a systemic application of punishment in form of confiscation, revocation of the right to hold any public office, and apply a more flexible and differentiated approach.
Keywords: Responsibility, designation, trial, practice, social, punishment, property, bribe, crime, corruption
References:
Bukalerova L.A., Fortuna K.A. K voprosu o nakazaniyakh za korruptsionnye sluzhebnye podlogi // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2012. - 6. - C. 17 - 25.
Kostennikov M.V., Kurakin A.V. Administrativno-pravovoe protivodeistvie korruptsii v sisteme gosudarstvennoi sluzhby i v deyatel'nosti sotrudnikov politsii Rossiiskoi Federatsii i zarubezhnykh gosudarstv. // Politseiskaya deyatel'nost'. - 2011. - 1. - C. 10 - 16.
Bukalerova L.A., Fortuna K.A. K voprosu o nakazaniyakh za korruptsionnye sluzhebnye podlogi // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2012. - 6. - C. 17 - 25.
Kurakin A.V., Kostennikov M.V. Administrativno-pravovoe protivodeistvie korruptsii v sisteme gosudarstvennoi sluzhby i v deyatel'nosti sotrudnikov politsii Rossiiskoi Federatsii i zarubezhnykh gosudarstv // Politseiskaya i sledstvennaya deyatel'nost'. - 2013. - 1. - C. 65 - 83. DOI: 10.7256/2409-7810.2013.1.735. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pm/article_735.html
Kozlova N. Bastrykin prosit vernut' radikal'nye mery
Reference:
Polukarov A.V.. Issues and improvements of the practice of assignment of fines for corruption in the social sphere // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 9. – P. 1123-1131.
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the issues of the legal and organizational nature associated with implementation of fines for corruption crimes in social sphere. The author carefully examines such aspects of the topic as improvements to the practice of application of these measures over the recent years. A conclusion is made that the practice of issuing fines for corruption (including corruption crimes in the social sphere) are always undergoing change, which is closely tied to the constant reforms in the criminal law with regards to corruption crimes. The author’s contribution into the research of this topic is the discovery of the need to improve the practice of assignment of punishments for corruption crimes in form of fines. The author concludes that the systemic application of imprisonment as form of punishment for corruption crimes is not ideal due to various reasons, including economic, the threat of a systematic replace of the unimplemented and most popular method of punishment for such crimes – fines, can become an effective means in the fight against the “uncollectability” of the ladder.
Keywords: Execution, problem, improvement, criminality, crime, corruption, social, sphere, responsibility, fine
References:
Burlakov V.N., Pryakhina N.I. Effektivnost' nakazaniya za vzyatochnichestvo // Kriminologicheskii zhurnal Baikal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava. – 2013. – № 1. – S. 92.
Latypov R. Rassmotrenie ugolovnykh del korruptsionnoi napravlennosti, po kotorym primenyalas' mera nakazaniya v vide shtrafa // Zakonnost'. – 2013. – № 5. – S. 34.
Bugaevskaya N.V. Naznachenie nakazaniya v vide shtrafa, kratnogo summe vzyatki, kak otrazhenie antikorruptsionnoi politiki v novykh finansovo-ekonomicheskikh usloviyakh // Izvestiya tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2014. – № 2. – S. 43.
R. N. Ghosh, M. A. B. Siddique. Corruption, Good Governance and Economic Development: Contemporary Analysis and Case Studies.-World Scientific. – 2014. – 284 p.
Pavlinov A.V. Monitoring effektivnosti primeneniya ugolovnogo nakazaniya za prestupleniya korruptsionnoi napravlennosti // Ugolovnoe pravo. – 2011. – № 3. – S. 111.
http://www.korupcii.net/index.php?s=4&id=70
Kozlovtse
Reference:
Salkazanov A.E.. Criminal responsibility for tax violation in the CIS countries // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 8. – P. 1030-1036.
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the criminal law norms that regulate the responsibility for tax violations in the CIS countries. The author explores the objective and subjective elements of these violations, its qualifications, as well as the questions of exemption from criminal responsibility for these offences. A peculiar attention is given to the questions of legislative regulation of the norms on criminal evasion from taxes. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the complex research of the norms on criminal tax evasion, as well as determination of the legislative gaps and formulation of the ways to fix them. Among the main conclusions are the author’s highlights of the positive and negative aspects of the legal regulation of criminal responsibility for tax violations in the CIS countries.
Keywords: Model Criminal Code of the CIS, Elements of crime, Criminal evasion, Taxation, Foreign countries, Criminal Code, CIS countries, Criminal responsibility, Tax evasion, Taxes
References:
Dolotov R.O. Kvaziugolovnaya otvetstvennost' yuridicheskikh lits za posobnichestvo v nalogovykh prestupleniyakh // Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI veke: materialy XII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (29-30 yanvarya 2015 g.). – Moskva: RG-Press, 2015. S. 159-162.
Naukovo-praktichniy komentar Krimіnal'nogo kodeksu Ukraїni.-4-te vid., pererobl. ta dopovn. / Za red. M. І. Mel'nika, M. І. Khavronyuka.-K.: Yuridichna dumka, 2007. S. 601.
O.G. Karpovich Protivodeystvie nalogovym prestupleniyam po zakonodatel'stvu zarubezhnykh gosudarstv. Aktual'nye voprosy // SPS «Konsul'tant plyus».
Tegetaeva O.R. Optimizatsiya nalogooblozheniya VS uklonenie ot uplaty nalogov // Nalogi i nalogooblozhenie. - 2014. - 10. - C. 889 - 893. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8688.2014.10.12707.
Bayteryakov R.E. O vozmozhnosti vvedeniya ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti yuridicheskikh lits (na primere krupneyshikh nalogoplatel'shchikov) // Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. - 2015. - 2. - C. 231 - 234. DOI: 10.7256/2
Reference:
Gorban' D.V.. On classification of the convicted, various levels of their correction, and progressive system of execution and serving of the sentence // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 8. – P. 1024-1029.
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the three fundamental concepts of the Russian Criminal Penal Law – “classification of convicts”, “progressive system of execution and serving of the sentence”, and “degree of correction of a convict”. The author examines the concept of “classification of convicts”, which lies at the basis of the separate housing of inmates to ensure isolation of various groups of inmates in order to avoid negative influence of the more dangerous criminals upon the less dangerous. The “progressive system” means that the inmates must be divided into several classes, and that based on the progression of their sentence their position must progressively improve. This defines the interconnection between the concepts of “progressive system” and “degree of correction”. Based on the study of the views of various scholars on the current and previous versions of the penal legislation, the author makes proposals for improving the approaches towards the modern progressive system, classification of convicts, and determination of the degree of their correction.
Keywords: punishment conditions, social adaptation, housing of inmates outside of prison, classification of convicts, progressive system, degree of correction, change of conditions, correction, convict, relapse prevention
References:
Kriminologiya: uchebnik / pod red. V.N. Kudryavtseva, V.E. Eminova. M., 2000. – 512 s.
Skakov A.B. Ponyatie i pravovaya priroda progressivnoy sistemy ispolneniya nakazaniya // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2003. № 5. S. 31-35.
Brilliantov, A.V. Differentsiatsiya nakazaniya i stepen' ispravleniya osuzhdennykh k lisheniyu svobody. M., 1997. – 132 s.
Ispolnenie nakazaniya v vide lisheniya svobody: uchebnoe posobie. / pod red. dok-ra yurid. nauk., professora V.A. Utkina. Tomsk, 2005. – 45 s.
Klassifikatsiya osuzhdennykh k lisheniyu svobody i opredelenie im vida ispravitel'no-trudovoy kolonii / Bryzgalov V.N., Struchkov N.A. Kiev, 1967. – 110 s.
Sovetskoe ispravitel'no-trudovoe pravo Osobennaya chast': uchebnik pod red. Melent'eva M.P., Struchkova N. A. Ryazan': RVSh MVD SSSR. 1987. – 351 s.
Belyaev N. A. Tseli nakazaniya i sredstva ikh dostizheniya v ispravitel'no-trudovykh uchrezhdeniyakh: Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni doktora yuridicheskikh nauk. L., 1963. 31 s.
Per
Reference:
Bochkavrev V.V.. Penal means of preventing of crime prevention by convicts during incarceration // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 8. – P. 1014-1023.
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Abstract: The subject of this work is a comprehensive study of the rules of domestic and foreign penal legislation, which codifies the implementation of preventative measures for inmates serving a sentence in penitentiaries, which include isolation, protective custody, supervision, measures of disciplinary responsibility, realization of educational activities, organizational-administrative and rapid search measures; in lawful cases application of security measures, ensuring that inmates carry out their responsibilities; separation of different categories of inmates; measures of prevention and thwarting violations. The author determines inconsistencies in the formulation of the preventative measures, and as part of the conclusion gives an original classification of preventative measures in penitentiaries:1.     Actions that prevent crimes; measures aimed at prevention of violations to the regime of serving the sentence, as well as security measures;2.     Means implemented based on the court ruling, as well as the means that are based on the inmates’ evasive behavior.
Keywords: the system of elements of punishment, preventative process, penal regime, deprivation of liberty, prisons, preventative measures, convicts, prevention of offenses, target penitentiary law, content of punishment
References:
Ugolovno-ispolnitel'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 08.01.1997 № 1-FZ (red. ot 20.04.2015) / Sobranie zakonodatel'stva RF. 13.01.1997. № 2. st. 198.
Sevryugin A.S. Analiticheskie metody upravleniya operativno-rezhimnoy sluzhboy ITU: Ucheb. posobie. Ryazan': RVSh MVD SSSR. 1978. 127 s.
Artem'ev N.S. Nekrasov A.P. Retsidivnaya prestupnost' v mestakh lisheniya svobody: kriminologicheskaya kharakteristika i preduprezhdenie.-Samara: Samarskiy yurid. institut FSIN Rossii. 2007. 195 s.
Shamis A.V. Pravovye i organizatsionnye osnovy deyatel'nosti VTK: Ucheb. posobie / Pod red. N.S. Kir'yakova. M. 1975. 159 s.
Zaytseva E.N. Tseli nakazaniya i sredstva ikh dostizheniya v ispravitel'nykh uchrezhdeniyakh: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Krasnodar. 1998. 175 s.
Minenko P.V. O roli ispravitel'nykh uchrezhdeniy v preduprezhdenii retsidivnoy prestupnosti osuzhdennykh za prestupleniya protiv obshchestvennoy bezopasnosti // Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. 2006. № 1. S. 288-
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Novikov D.O.. Use of physical force by the members of Voluntary People's Druzhina within the framework of the Federal Law “On Participation of Citizens in Maintenance of Public Order”: questions of theory // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 7. – P. 863-869.
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Abstract: The object of this research is the public relations in the area of use of physical force by the members of Voluntary People's Druzhina. A special attention is given to the legality and grounds for use of physical force by druzhinniks in self-defense, protection of third parties, and execution of their tasks. The author carefully examines the questions of correlation of the necessary defense within the frameworks of the Federal Law “On Participation of Citizens in Maintenance of Public Order” and Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the questions of legality of detention of individuals caught by druzhinniks at the scene of the crime. The author conducted comparative analysis of the legislation that regulates the work of druzhinniks with the law “On Police”, and used the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses for the purposes of studying the possibilities of use of physical force by druzhinniks and correspondence of this use with the legislation. The work presents the research on the legal precedent from the moment the law went into force, as well as review of the foreign precedent (Belarus, Tajikistan, Japan, and UK) on cases of use of physical force by members of law enforcement.
Keywords: Necessary defense, Absolute necessity, Measures, Druzhinnik, Use of force, Responsibility, Public order, Detention, Compulsion measures
References:
Boskhamdzhieva N.A., Kashkina E.V. Administrativno-pravovoe regulirovanie vzaimodeystviya organov vnutrennikh del s institutami grazhdanskogo obshchestva v sfere preduprezhdeniya pravonarusheniy // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2010. - 9. - C. 13 - 17.
Reshenie Odintsovskogo gorodskogo suda Moskovskoy oblasti po delu № 12-871/14 // https://odintsovo--mo.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=sud_delo&name_op=doc&srv_num=1&number=119887882&delo_id=1502001&new=&text_number=1(data obrashcheniya 08.07.2016)
Reshenie Mozhginskogo rayonnogo suda (Udmurtskaya respublika) ot 3 marta 2016 g. po delu № 12-24/2016 // https://mozhginskiygor--udm.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=sud_delo&srv_num=1&name_op=doc&number=48071391&delo_id=1502001&new=0&text_number=1 (data obrashcheniya 08.07.2016)
Reshenie Krasnogvardeyskogo rayonnogo suda g. Sankt-Peterburga № 12-374/14 ot 14 noyabrya 2014 g. //https://kgv--spb.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=sud_delo&srv_num=1&name_op=doc&number=55803738&delo_id=1502001&new=0&text_number=1 (d
Reference:
Redchits M.A.. Criminal law characteristics of destruction of and damage to objects of cultural heritage (Part 1 of Article 243 of the CCRF) // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 7. – P. 856-862.
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of the criminal law characteristics of the Article 243 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation amended in 2013. As the subject, the author selected objects of cultural heritage as objects of crime in the aforementioned Article. The issue is examined according to the classic approach of “object-objective side-subjective side-subject”, where in each paragraph of the Article the author draws certain scientific conclusions. The work substantiates the relevance of this subject of research, presents the analysis of the current national legislation and legal precedent, as well as doctrinal views. The author finds it legitimate to include the Article 243 into the chapter 25 of the Criminal code on bases of the object of a criminal offence. Characteristics are given to the object of cultural heritage as new objects of crime. The author formulates the rules for classification of acts according to Article 243 of the CCRF, as well as reviews cases of competition between the norms of Articles 243 and 167 of the CCRF and delimits the composition of crime by Articles 243 and 214 of the CCRF. The author substantiates the possibility of inclusion of indirect intent into the subjective side as form of guilt with consideration of theoretical position on material component of crime.
Keywords: competition of the statements, problems of qualification, corpus delicti, protection of the cultural heritage, criminal law, object of cultural heritage, public morals, cultural heritage, monuments of history, monuments of culture
References:
Panfilov A.N. Okhranitel'nye normy administrativno-deliktnogo
zakonodatel'stva sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii v sfere okhrany ob'ektov kul'turnogo naslediya // Pravo i politika. 2013. № 6. C. 784-797. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.6.8099.
Popova N.N. Primenenie mer gosudarstvennogo prinuzhdeniya za narusheniya trebovaniy zakonodatel'stva o pravovom rezhime ob'ektov kul'turnogo naslediya // Finansovoe pravo i upravlenie. 2015. № 2. C. 284-290. DOI: 10.7256/2310-0508.2015.2.15893.
Akopdzhanova M.O. Ugolovno-pravovaya okhrana ustanovlennogo zakonom poryadka osushchestvleniya arkheologicheskikh raskopok: novoe v zakonodatel'stve // Pravo i politika. 2015. № 2. C. 208-212. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2015.2.13830.
Prigovor Azovskogo gorodskogo suda Rostovskoy oblasti po delu № 1-53-11 ot 01 iyulya 2011g. URL: https://rospravosudie.com/court-azovskij-gorodskoj-sud-rostovskaya-oblast-s/act-101946813/ (data obrashcheniya: 10.06.2016)
Shalagin E.A. Otvetstvennost' za unichtozhenie ili povrezhdenie pam
Reference:
Filimonov I.A., Filimonov A.A.. Improving the criminal and penal legislation on the punishment in form of deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 7. – P. 849-855.
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Abstract: This work is dedicated to the research on the penalty of deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities as an important means of criminal law to affect the legal status of the offender. The authors carried out a detailed analysis of the norms of international and domestic criminal and penal legislation concerning the designation of issues and execution of criminal punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities. The authors come to a conclusion that there is a need to make amendments and changes to the Part 2 of the Article 34 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation as follows: "to comply with the order and conditions of execution of the penalties provided in this Code; notify the correctional inspection of any evasion from punishment verbally for the first 24 hours, and then in writing within three days; provide all support in ensuring the proper carrying out of punishment." The authors propose a new version of Article 37 Criminal Enforcement Code. Argument is made on the feasibility of changing the severity of the punishment, to reconsider its place in Article 44 of the Criminal Code, as well as modify its term as main or additional punishment, revise the legal conditions for expunging the criminal record after serving the punishment, as well as to make an amendment to Part 1 of the Article 47 of the Criminal Code on the coverage of the punishment to include persons performing executive functions in a commercial or other organizations.
Keywords: sentencing, criminal punishment, official, work, title, deprivation of the right, verdict, execution of punishment, disqualification, crime
References:
Klepikov S.N., Klepikova O.S. Administrativno-deliktnaya politika Rossiyskoy Federatsii i printsipy ustanovleniya administrativnoy otvetstvennosti // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. - 2014. - 8. - C. 801 - 806. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2014.8.11432.
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Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 22.12.2015 № 58 «O praktike naznacheniya sudami Rossiyskoy Federatsii ugolovnogo nakazaniya» // «Byulleten' Verkhovnogo Suda RF», № 2, fevral', 2016.
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Opredelenie Verkho
Reference:
Vasil'chenko E.I.. On the question of the subjects of the execution of urgent investigative actions // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 6. – P. 725-734.
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Abstract: Taking into account the identified causes and conditions of development of modern crime, the author speaks about improving the efficiency of crime investigation procedures as a necessary measure to counter that can affect the increase in the crime detection. As a prerequisite for improving the efficiency of crime investigation, the author proposes further improvements of criminal procedural law, in particular adaptation to modern realities of legal rules governing the procedure as the execution of urgent investigative actions and the legal status of the subjects of their execution. The study used a general scientific dialectical method and empirical knowledge, private scientific methods: analysis and synthesis of the historical method. The author studied statistics showing the individual aspects of the tax authorities and the prosecution authorities of the Russian Federation in the period from 2013 to 2015, as well as foreign legislation and opinions of national law enforcers on the issue in question. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author carefully examined the entire regulatory framework, which determines the terms and powers of the subjects of the execution of urgent investigative actions at the present stage of development of domestic legislation on criminal procedure. Based on the nature of urgent investigative actions in view of the major threats to national and public security of the Russian Federation at the present stage of development, the priorities of combating crime, as well as a number of other factors are made and the author's justified proposals for expanding the list of subjects of the production of urgent investigative actions and to clarify their legal status.
Keywords: crime detection, procedural powers, destruction of evidence, prosecution authorities, tax authorities, proof, office of inquiry, urgent investigative actions, tax audit, prosecutors supervision
References:
Osnovnye sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli Rossiyskoy Federatsii 2009-2015 [Elektronnyy resurs]: Institut kompleksnykh strategicheskikh issledovaniy (IKSI), ofitsial'nyy sayt. – URL: http://www.icss.ac.ru/macro/ (data obrashcheniya 27.05.2016).
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Metodika i taktika provedeniya prokurorskoy proverki: uch. posobie / Pod red. O.N. Korshunovoy. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskiy yuridicheskiy institut (filial) Akademii General'noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2014. 240 s.
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Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 18.12.2001 № 174-FZ (red. ot 01.05.2016) [Elektronnyy resurs]: SPS Konsul't
Reference:
Yarovenko V.V., Korchagin A.G.. Pre-trial agreement to cooperate: status, issues, prospects // Law and Politics. – 2016. – № 5. – P. 598-604.
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Abstract: This article gives a detailed examination to the issues of pre-trial agreement to cooperate. The authors present a brief analysis of the problematic issues of the legal regulation of this institution that emerged as a necessity for counteracting organized forms of crime, which has high latency and loyalty among its members. The idea of deals, made between the defense and the prosecution during the first stages of judicial process, is rather promising, as it simplifies and eases the process of the court proceedings, and reflects the tasks of preliminary investigation on establishing all circumstances of the criminal act with simultaneous increase in efficiency of counteraction of the criminal activity as a whole. The materials of the investigative and prosecutorial practice confirmed that the cooperating suspects and defendants are in fact parties to organized crimes with the following qualifications: “group of people”, “group of people based on conspiracy”, “organized group”. The authors make the conclusion that the Chapter 40.1 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation does not contain the positions on the specificity of protection of the rights of the victim in cases of cooperation with a suspect (defendant) of the pre-trial cooperation agreement.
Keywords: responsibility, prosecutor, suspect, accused, victim, petition, court, pre-trial agreement, punishment, sentence
References:
Khamidullin R.S. Dosudebnoe soglashenie o sotrudnichestve - ob'ektivnaya istina ili kompromiss? // Yuridicheskie issledovaniya. - 2016. - 3. - C. 16 - 22. DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2016.3.17925. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr/article_17925.html
Khamidullin R.S. Dosudebnoe soglashenie o sotrudnichestve kak taktiko-kriminalisticheskiy element bor'by s organizovannoy prestupnost'yu // Soyuz kriminalistov i kriminologov. - 2014. - 3. - C. 250 - 255. DOI: 10.7256/2310-8681.2014.4.15610.
Khamidullin R.S. Nekotorye osobennosti rassledovaniya ugolovnykh del v sluchae primeneniya norm osobogo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva pri zaklyuchenii dosudebnogo soglasheniya o sotrudnichestve // Politseyskaya i sledstvennaya deyatel'nost'. - 2015. - 3. - C. 9 - 16. DOI: 10.7256/2409-7810.2015.3.15617. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/pm/article_15617.html
Stovpovoy A.. Tyunin V. Ugolovno-pravovoy i ugolovno-protsessual'nyy aspekty dosudebnogo soglasheniya o sotrudnichestve na predvaritel'nom sledstvii // Ugolovnoe p
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