Abstract: The article describes the technical, algorithmic and software components machine art system designed to automate the creation, reproduction and restoration of artistic images by simulating the method of mixing colors on the palette and brush application. The system consists of a robotic arm, which provides applying paint on the basis, and automatic palette - a special device for mixing paint and supplying the desired color mixture to the working tool of the robot, controlled by special software. The algorithms, used in the system of image processing, belong to the field of artificial intelligence. Mathematical and software components of the described system have been tested on a set of test images. An experimental stand was built work out the basic elements of the mechanical part of the system. During the study a new image processing algorithms along with specialized software and hardware have been created. For the first time software and hardware system for mixing paint for a single brush stroke has been developed. This automated palled allows implementing a full-color painting in fully automatic mode. The presented machine art system can be widely used in various branches of the fine arts, design, restoration, while creating paintings, murals, decorative design with technical objects, household items, light- resistant for durable printing and so on. In the future authors plan to create a system for large-format images and introduce a feedback system.

Keywords: non-photorealistic rendering, tinting, cybernetic art, color mixing, robotics, polygraphy, robotic painter, machine painting, brush stroke placement, artificial intelligence

References:
Colton S. The painting fool in new dimensions //Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computational Creativity. – 2011. – T. 112.
Benjamin Grosser official page. URL: http://bengrosser.com (data obrashcheniya: 1.11.2016).
Lindemeier T., Pirk S., Deussen O. Image stylization with a painting machine using semantic hints //Computers & Graphics. – 2013. – T. 37. – ¹. 5. – S. 293-301.
Hertzmann A. Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes //Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. – ACM, 1998. – S. 453-460.
Cohen H. How to make a drawing //talk given to the Science Colloquium, National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC. – 1982. – T. 17.
Deussen O., Lindemeier T., Pirk S. Feedback-guided stroke placement for a painting machine //Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging. – Eurographics Association, 2012. – S. 25-33.
Riskin J. Eighteenth-century wetware //Representations. – 2003. – T. 83. – ¹. 1. – S. 97-125.
Art and Automation. The Salt Lake Tribune, August 23, 1960.
Ben'yamin V. Kratkaya istoriya fotografii. M., Directmedia, 2014.
Smith A. M. Reflections on the Hockney-Falco thesis: Optical theory and artistic practice in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries //Early Science and Medicine. – 2005. – T. 10. – ¹. 2. – S. 163-186.
Vinner A. V., Grabar' I. E. Materialy maslyanoy zhivopisi. – M., Ripol Klassik, 2014.
Gever E. The Interrelationship and Convergence of Technology and Art //IEEE Potentials. – 2015. – T. 34. – ¹. 6. – S. 8-12.
Borawski M. Non-photorealistic rendering with the use of short segments of straight lines in a vector space of increments //Control and Cybernetics. – 2014. – T. 43.

References (transliteration):
Colton S. The painting fool in new dimensions //Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computational Creativity. – 2011. – T. 112.
Benjamin Grosser official page. URL: http://bengrosser.com (data obrashcheniya: 1.11.2016).
Lindemeier T., Pirk S., Deussen O. Image stylization with a painting machine using semantic hints //Computers & Graphics. – 2013. – T. 37. – ¹. 5. – S. 293-301.
Hertzmann A. Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes //Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. – ACM, 1998. – S. 453-460.
Cohen H. How to make a drawing //talk given to the Science Colloquium, National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC. – 1982. – T. 17.
Deussen O., Lindemeier T., Pirk S. Feedback-guided stroke placement for a painting machine //Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging. – Eurographics Association, 2012. – S. 25-33.
Riskin J. Eighteenth-century wetware //Representations. – 2003. – T. 83. – ¹. 1. – S. 97-125.
Art and Automation. The Salt Lake Tribune, August 23, 1960.
Ben'yamin V. Kratkaya istoriya fotografii. M., Directmedia, 2014.
Smith A. M. Reflections on the Hockney-Falco thesis: Optical theory and artistic practice in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries //Early Science and Medicine. – 2005. – T. 10. – ¹. 2. – S. 163-186.
Vinner A. V., Grabar' I. E. Materialy maslyanoy zhivopisi. – M., Ripol Klassik, 2014.
Gever E. The Interrelationship and Convergence of Technology and Art //IEEE Potentials. – 2015. – T. 34. – ¹. 6. – S. 8-12.
Borawski M. Non-photorealistic rendering with the use of short segments of straight lines in a vector space of increments //Control and Cybernetics. – 2014. – T. 43.

Abstract: The issues arising in the implementation of the technical approach to the recognition of the group point object (GPO) images on the basis of the binding elements of the continuous associated images (CAI) are considered. The basic CAI formation models of the point scene defocusing are analyzed. For bell-shaped and rectangular impulse response obtained defocusing filter selection rules limiting circuit CAI level with maximum fault tolerance quantization of the image brightness. Concretize methodology harmonization CAI model parameters with the density of the GPO members. For clarity and simplify the operator interface work with models CAI highlight - radius of the filter impulse response the ratio of the radius with a threshold localize spatially compact objects is obtained. Synthesized numerical method for the formation of base procedure ASO, characterized by one - two orders of magnitude higher performance than with an approach based on the fast Fourier transform for compact GPO. The method is based on the filtering properties of the deltoid brightness distribution GPO elements and limitations of the low pass filter window size based on the number of quantization levels of its impulse response. The results are aimed at ensuring the quality of the detection procedures, permits and GPO recognition in noisy images, set in a one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces in their technical implementation.

Keywords: spatial compactness, model optimization, spatial localization, point scene analysis, image recognition, point field, continuous associated images, group point object, fast filtering, numerical methods

References:
Tochechnye polya i gruppovye ob'ekty / Ya. A Furman, A. A Rozhentsov, R. G. Khafizov, D. G. Khafizov, A. V. Krevetskiy, R. V. Eruslanov; pod obshch. red. Ya. A. Furmana. – M: FIZMATLIT, 2014. – 440 s.
Verba V.S. Obnaruzhenie nazemnykh ob'ektov. Radiolokatsionnye sistemy obnaruzheniya i navedeniya vozdushnogo bazirovaniya. – M.: Radiotekhnika, 2007. – 360 s.
Anisimov V.V., Kurganov V.D., Zlobin V.K. Raspoznavanie i tsifrovaya obrabotka izobrazheniy. – M.: Vyssh. shk., 1983. – 295 s.
Tsifrovaya obrabotka videoizobrazheniy / A.A. Luk'yanitsa, A.G.Shishkin. – M.: «Ay-Es-Es Press», 2009. – 518 s.
Mandel' I. D. Klasternyy analiz. – M.: Finansy i statistika, 1988. – 176 s.
Vvedenie v konturnyy analiz; prilozheniya k obrabotke izobrazheniy i signalov / Ya.A. Furman, A.V. Krevetskiy, A.K. Peredreev, i dr.; pod red. Ya.A. Furmana. – 2-e izd. – M.: FIZMATLIT, 2003. – 592 s.
Kompleksnoznachnye i giperkompleksnye sistemy v zadachakh obrabotki mnogomernykh signalov / Ya.A. Furman, A.V. Krevetskiy, A.A. Rozhentsov, i dr.; pod red. Ya.A. Furmana. – M.: FIZMATLIT, 2004. – 456 s.
Krevetskiy A.V. Invariantnye k forme obnaruzhenie i prostranstvennaya lokalizatsiya grupp tochechnykh ob'ektov v trekhmernom prostranstve // Vestnik MarGTU. Radio-tekhnicheskie i infokommunikatsionnye sistemy. – Yoshkar-Ola: Izd-vo MarGTU, 2011.– ¹1. – S. 47-53.
Krevetskiy A.V., Chesnokov S.E. Kodirovanie i raspoznavanie izobrazheniy mnozhestv tochechnykh ob'ektov na osnove modeley fizicheskikh poley// Avtometriya, 2002. – ¹3. – S. 80–89.
Bleykhut R. Bystrye algoritmy tsifrovoy obrabotki signalov: Per. s angl.—M.: Mir, 1989. – 448 s.
Chesnokov S.E., Krevetskiy A.V., Urzhumov D.V., Ipatov Yu.A. Arkhitektura sistem kompleksnogo deshifrirovaniya izobrazheniy aerokosmicheskikh izobrazheniy podstilayushchey poverkhnosti zemli v real'nom masshtabe vremeni // Vestnik MarGTU. Radiotekhnicheskie i infokommunikatsionnye sistemy. – Yoshkar-Ola: Izd-vo MarGTU, 2012. – ¹1. – S. 47-59.

References (transliteration):
Tochechnye polya i gruppovye ob'ekty / Ya. A Furman, A. A Rozhentsov, R. G. Khafizov, D. G. Khafizov, A. V. Krevetskiy, R. V. Eruslanov; pod obshch. red. Ya. A. Furmana. – M: FIZMATLIT, 2014. – 440 s.
Verba V.S. Obnaruzhenie nazemnykh ob'ektov. Radiolokatsionnye sistemy obnaruzheniya i navedeniya vozdushnogo bazirovaniya. – M.: Radiotekhnika, 2007. – 360 s.
Anisimov V.V., Kurganov V.D., Zlobin V.K. Raspoznavanie i tsifrovaya obrabotka izobrazheniy. – M.: Vyssh. shk., 1983. – 295 s.
Tsifrovaya obrabotka videoizobrazheniy / A.A. Luk'yanitsa, A.G.Shishkin. – M.: «Ay-Es-Es Press», 2009. – 518 s.
Mandel' I. D. Klasternyy analiz. – M.: Finansy i statistika, 1988. – 176 s.
Vvedenie v konturnyy analiz; prilozheniya k obrabotke izobrazheniy i signalov / Ya.A. Furman, A.V. Krevetskiy, A.K. Peredreev, i dr.; pod red. Ya.A. Furmana. – 2-e izd. – M.: FIZMATLIT, 2003. – 592 s.
Kompleksnoznachnye i giperkompleksnye sistemy v zadachakh obrabotki mnogomernykh signalov / Ya.A. Furman, A.V. Krevetskiy, A.A. Rozhentsov, i dr.; pod red. Ya.A. Furmana. – M.: FIZMATLIT, 2004. – 456 s.
Krevetskiy A.V. Invariantnye k forme obnaruzhenie i prostranstvennaya lokalizatsiya grupp tochechnykh ob'ektov v trekhmernom prostranstve // Vestnik MarGTU. Radio-tekhnicheskie i infokommunikatsionnye sistemy. – Yoshkar-Ola: Izd-vo MarGTU, 2011.– ¹1. – S. 47-53.
Krevetskiy A.V., Chesnokov S.E. Kodirovanie i raspoznavanie izobrazheniy mnozhestv tochechnykh ob'ektov na osnove modeley fizicheskikh poley// Avtometriya, 2002. – ¹3. – S. 80–89.
Bleykhut R. Bystrye algoritmy tsifrovoy obrabotki signalov: Per. s angl.—M.: Mir, 1989. – 448 s.
Chesnokov S.E., Krevetskiy A.V., Urzhumov D.V., Ipatov Yu.A. Arkhitektura sistem kompleksnogo deshifrirovaniya izobrazheniy aerokosmicheskikh izobrazheniy podstilayushchey poverkhnosti zemli v real'nom masshtabe vremeni // Vestnik MarGTU. Radiotekhnicheskie i infokommunikatsionnye sistemy. – Yoshkar-Ola: Izd-vo MarGTU, 2012. – ¹1. – S. 47-59.

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the development of the algorithm for the fast inverse discrete transform of the 8x8 ITU-T H265 (HEVC) video coding standard. The authors of the article analyze differences between the structures of the inverse transform matrix and inverse discrete cosine transform matrix as well as approaches that may be applied to factorization of the aforesaid matrix. They also provide an evaluation of a number of operations necessary to perform the transfer. The authors conduct a numerical experiment to prove the efficiency of the developed algorithm from the point of view of the speed of performance on the central processing unit (CPU). The research method used by the authors is the theoretical analysis and numerical experiment including collection of relevant information and analysis of results. To conduct the numerical experiment the authors have written a C-language program that executes a standard algorithm of the inverse transfer (direct multiplication of the transform matrix and coefficient vectors) and the fast algorithm of the inverse transfer as it is described in the theoretical part of the research. Then the authors have compared the productivity results. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors offer a new algorithm for the fast transfer of the 8x8 HEVC standard and the scheme of inverse matrix factorization. Compared to previous researches and algorithm, the given algorithm requires fewer arithmetic operations, thus takes less time. At the end of their research article the authors make conclusions regarding the possibility of the fast inverse transfer of the HEVC standard, offer their own scheme for the aforesaid 8x8 matrix factorization and develop the fast algorithm for the inverse transfer based on the discovered factorization schemes. 

Keywords: algorithm analysis, lossy compression, codec, video compression, inverse discrete transform, matrix factorization, fast algorithm, HEVC, software codec, hardware codec

References:
Ma T., Liu C., Yibo F., Zeng X. A fast 8x8 IDCT algorithm for HEVC // V kn.: IEEE ASIC (ASICON). 2013. S. 203-208.
Cooley J.W., Tukey J.W. An Algorithm for the Machine Calculation of Complex Fourier Series // Mathematics of Computation. 1965. ¹ 90. S. 297-301.
Bleykhut R. Bystrye algoritmy tsifrovoy obrabotki signalov. M.: Mir, 1989. 448 s.
Chen W.-H., Harrison-Smith C., Fralick S. C. A Fast Computational Algorithm for the Discrete Cosine Transform // IEEE transactions on communications. 1977. ¹ 9. S. 1004-1009.
Winken M., Helle P., Marpe D., Schwarz H., Wiegand T. Transform coding in the HEVC test model // V kn.: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2011. S. 3693–3696.
Park J.-S., Nam W.-J., Han S.-M., Lee S. 2-D Large Inverse Transform (16x16, 32x32) for HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) // Journal of semiconductor technology and science. 2012. ¹ 12. S. 204-208.
Hung C.-Y., Landman P. Compact inverse discrete cosine transform circuit for MPEG video decoding // V kn.: IEEE SIPS. 1997. S. 364–373.
Budagavi M., Fuldseth A., Bjøntegaard G., Sze V., Sadafale M. Core Transform Design in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard // IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing. 2013. ¹ 6. S. 1029-1041.
Belghith F., Loukil H., Masmoudi N. Efficient Hardware Architecture of a Modified 2‐D Transform for the HEVC Standard // International Journal of Computer Science and Application. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 59-69.
Budagavi M,, Sze V. Unified forward+inverse transform architecture for HEVC // V kn.: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2012. S. 209-212.

References (transliteration):
Ma T., Liu C., Yibo F., Zeng X. A fast 8x8 IDCT algorithm for HEVC // V kn.: IEEE ASIC (ASICON). 2013. S. 203-208.
Cooley J.W., Tukey J.W. An Algorithm for the Machine Calculation of Complex Fourier Series // Mathematics of Computation. 1965. ¹ 90. S. 297-301.
Bleykhut R. Bystrye algoritmy tsifrovoy obrabotki signalov. M.: Mir, 1989. 448 s.
Chen W.-H., Harrison-Smith C., Fralick S. C. A Fast Computational Algorithm for the Discrete Cosine Transform // IEEE transactions on communications. 1977. ¹ 9. S. 1004-1009.
Winken M., Helle P., Marpe D., Schwarz H., Wiegand T. Transform coding in the HEVC test model // V kn.: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2011. S. 3693–3696.
Park J.-S., Nam W.-J., Han S.-M., Lee S. 2-D Large Inverse Transform (16x16, 32x32) for HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) // Journal of semiconductor technology and science. 2012. ¹ 12. S. 204-208.
Hung C.-Y., Landman P. Compact inverse discrete cosine transform circuit for MPEG video decoding // V kn.: IEEE SIPS. 1997. S. 364–373.
Budagavi M., Fuldseth A., Bjøntegaard G., Sze V., Sadafale M. Core Transform Design in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard // IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing. 2013. ¹ 6. S. 1029-1041.
Belghith F., Loukil H., Masmoudi N. Efficient Hardware Architecture of a Modified 2‐D Transform for the HEVC Standard // International Journal of Computer Science and Application. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 59-69.
Budagavi M,, Sze V. Unified forward+inverse transform architecture for HEVC // V kn.: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2012. S. 209-212.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the algorithms for evaluating the information value of composite images. Composite images are formed by multispectral vision systems including multispectral enhanced vision systems used in aviation. These systems show the external space for pilots even in bad weather conditions or late at night, thus increasing operational capacities of aerial vehicles. These systems combine information incoming from physically different sensors into one composite image that is supposed to have essential information features coming from all combined video channels. The research is b ased on the computer modeling of image combination in the two-zone TV-thermal enhanced vision system using the actual images made by the visual sensors. The authors offer a new structural-semantic qualitative evaluation of the information value of composite images based on the preservation (distortion) of various information depending on their spectral energy and space characteristics. Based on the aforesaid method of evaluating the information value, the authors compare different methods of combination of images for the two-zone enhanced vision systems.

Keywords: image analysis, evaluation of the information value, information value of images, visual perception, composite images, combination of images, human-machine interfaces, computer vision systems, multispectral system, enhanced vision systems

References:
Drynkin V.N., Fal'kov E.Ya., Tsareva T.I. Formirovanie kombinirovannogo izobrazheniya v dvukhzonal'noy bortovoy aviatsionno-kosmicheskoy sisteme [Tekst] // Sbornik trudov nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Tekhnicheskoe zrenie v sistemakh upravleniya – 2012» / Pod red. R.R. Nazirova. M.: Mekhanika, upravlenie i informatika, 2012. S. 33–39. URL: http://www.iki.rssi.ru/books/2012_2tz.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 13.02.2016).
Cvejic N., Łoza A., Bull D. and Canagarajah N. A Novel Metric for Performance Evaluation of Image Fusion Algorithms [Text] // World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering. 2007. Vol. 1. No. 7. R. 2195–2200. URL: waset.org/publications/8392/a-novel-metric-for-performance-evaluation-ofimage-fusion-algorithms (data obrashcheniya: 13.02.2016).
Smagin M.S. Razrabotka metodiki sinteza struktury vychislitel'nykh ustroystv sliyaniya izobrazheniy: avtoref. diss … kand. tekhnicheskikh nauk: 05.13.05 [Tekst]. M., 2008. 24 s. URL: http://www.ineum.ru/files/51063c/d66487/1a9b7c/000000/aref9.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
E2VS Displays Potential as Breakthrough Product [Electronic resource] //Aviation week network, October 2015. URL: http://aviationweek.com/nbaa-2015/e2vs-displays-potential-breakthrough-product (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
Sadovnichiy V.A. Kosmicheskoe zemlevedenie: informatsionno-matematicheskie osnovy [Tekst] / Kozoderov V.V., Kosolapov V.S., Sadovnichiy V.A. i dr. / red. Sadovnichiy V.A. M.: MGU, 1998. 576 s.
Sagdullaev T.Yu., Sagdullaev Yu.S. Informativnost' televizionnykh izobrazheniy v sistemakh videonablyudeniya ob'ektov [Tekst] // Voprosy radioelektroniki. Ser. «Tekhnika televideniya». 2009. Vyp. 2. S. 41–51.
Rubis A.Yu., Vizil'ter Yu.V., Gorbatsevich V.S., Vygolov O.V. Algoritm kompleksirovaniya izobrazheniy na osnove diffuznoy morfologii [Tekst] // Sbornik tezisov nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Tekhnicheskoe zrenie v sistemakh upravleniya – 2015». M.: IKI RAN, 2015. S. 112–113. URL: http://tvcs2015.technicalvision.ru/docs/Sbornik_tezisov_TZSU_2015.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
Podkhody k izmereniyu informatsii [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://informatika.sch880.ru/p18aa1.html (data obrashcheniya: 13.02.2016).
Rubis A.Yu., Vygolov O.V., Vizil'ter Yu.V. Morfologicheskoe kompleksirovanie izobrazheniy razlichnykh spektral'nykh diapazonov [Tekst] // Sbornik trudov nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Tekhnicheskoe zrenie v sistemakh upravleniya – 2011» / Pod red. R. R. Nazirova. M.: Mekhanika, upravlenie i informatika, 2012. S. 143–148. URL: http://www.iki.rssi.ru/books/2012tz.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
Metody nakhozhdeniya granits izobrazheniya [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: habrahabr.ru/post/128753/ (data obrashcheniya: 07.02.2015).
Mikheev S.M. Kompleksirovanie izobrazheniy raznykh diapazonov spektra v mnogokanal'nykh sistemakh nablyudeniya: avtoref. diss … kand. tekhnicheskikh nauk: 05.13.01, 05.11.16 [Tekst]. M., 2011. 24 s. URL: http://tekhnosfera.com/view/364392/a#?page=1 (data obrashcheniya 11.03.2016).
Kostyashkin L.N., Babaev S.I., Loginov A.A., Pavlov O.V. Tekhnologii sistem uluchshennogo/sintezirovannogo zreniya dlya upravleniya letatel'nymi apparatami [Tekst] // Trudy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii-seminara «Tekhnicheskoe zrenie v sistemakh upravleniya mobil'nymi ob'ektami – 2010» / Pod red. R.R. Nazirova. Vyp. 4. M.: KDU, 2011. S. 45–56.
Izmerenie informatsii. Entropiya [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://spargalki.ru/priborostroenie/35-obrabotka-signalov.html?start=9 (data obrashcheniya: 13.02.2016).
Insarov V.V. Problemy postroeniya sistem tekhnicheskogo zreniya, ispol'zuyushchikh kompleksirovanie informatsionnykh kanalov razlichnykh spektral'nykh diapazonov [Tekst] // Prilozhenie k zhurnalu «Informatsionnye tekhnologii». 2014. ¹ 3 / V.V. Insarov, S.V. Tikhonova, I.I. Mikhaylov. M.: Novye tekhnologii, 2014. 32 s.
Bronevich A.G., Goncharov A.V. Aksiomaticheskiy podkhod k izmereniyu informativnosti znakovykh predstavleniy izobrazheniy [Tekst] // Izvestiya RAN. Teoriya i sistemy upravleniya. 2011. ¹ 1. S. 54–69.
Guangxin L. Image Fusion Based on Color Transfer Technique [Electronic resource. 2011– ]. URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/image-fusion-and-its-applications/image-fusion-based-on-color-transfer-technique (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
Piella G. and Heijmans H. A new quality metric for image fusion, Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference in Image Processing [Text] // ICIP–2003. Vol. 3. R. 173–176.
Wang Z. and Bovik A. C. A universal image quality index [Text] // IEEE Signal Processing Letters. 2002. Vol. 9. No. 3. R. 81–84.

References (transliteration):
Drynkin V.N., Fal'kov E.Ya., Tsareva T.I. Formirovanie kombinirovannogo izobrazheniya v dvukhzonal'noy bortovoy aviatsionno-kosmicheskoy sisteme [Tekst] // Sbornik trudov nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Tekhnicheskoe zrenie v sistemakh upravleniya – 2012» / Pod red. R.R. Nazirova. M.: Mekhanika, upravlenie i informatika, 2012. S. 33–39. URL: http://www.iki.rssi.ru/books/2012_2tz.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 13.02.2016).
Cvejic N., Łoza A., Bull D. and Canagarajah N. A Novel Metric for Performance Evaluation of Image Fusion Algorithms [Text] // World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering. 2007. Vol. 1. No. 7. R. 2195–2200. URL: waset.org/publications/8392/a-novel-metric-for-performance-evaluation-ofimage-fusion-algorithms (data obrashcheniya: 13.02.2016).
Smagin M.S. Razrabotka metodiki sinteza struktury vychislitel'nykh ustroystv sliyaniya izobrazheniy: avtoref. diss … kand. tekhnicheskikh nauk: 05.13.05 [Tekst]. M., 2008. 24 s. URL: http://www.ineum.ru/files/51063c/d66487/1a9b7c/000000/aref9.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
E2VS Displays Potential as Breakthrough Product [Electronic resource] //Aviation week network, October 2015. URL: http://aviationweek.com/nbaa-2015/e2vs-displays-potential-breakthrough-product (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
Sadovnichiy V.A. Kosmicheskoe zemlevedenie: informatsionno-matematicheskie osnovy [Tekst] / Kozoderov V.V., Kosolapov V.S., Sadovnichiy V.A. i dr. / red. Sadovnichiy V.A. M.: MGU, 1998. 576 s.
Sagdullaev T.Yu., Sagdullaev Yu.S. Informativnost' televizionnykh izobrazheniy v sistemakh videonablyudeniya ob'ektov [Tekst] // Voprosy radioelektroniki. Ser. «Tekhnika televideniya». 2009. Vyp. 2. S. 41–51.
Rubis A.Yu., Vizil'ter Yu.V., Gorbatsevich V.S., Vygolov O.V. Algoritm kompleksirovaniya izobrazheniy na osnove diffuznoy morfologii [Tekst] // Sbornik tezisov nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Tekhnicheskoe zrenie v sistemakh upravleniya – 2015». M.: IKI RAN, 2015. S. 112–113. URL: http://tvcs2015.technicalvision.ru/docs/Sbornik_tezisov_TZSU_2015.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
Podkhody k izmereniyu informatsii [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://informatika.sch880.ru/p18aa1.html (data obrashcheniya: 13.02.2016).
Rubis A.Yu., Vygolov O.V., Vizil'ter Yu.V. Morfologicheskoe kompleksirovanie izobrazheniy razlichnykh spektral'nykh diapazonov [Tekst] // Sbornik trudov nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Tekhnicheskoe zrenie v sistemakh upravleniya – 2011» / Pod red. R. R. Nazirova. M.: Mekhanika, upravlenie i informatika, 2012. S. 143–148. URL: http://www.iki.rssi.ru/books/2012tz.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 14.02.2016).
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Abstract: The object of research is a new way of defining and visualizing a photorealistic terrain. The method to render a terrain as easily as a texture is proposed. A terrain model is coded as differential height map, i.e. the carrier surface is defined by algebraic means and only deviation from this basic surface is stored in the each node. Such a modeling method simplifies creation of smooth detail levels and shading. The data of height grid is not a subject to geometry transformations as the triangle vertices are. The geometry transformations are only required for the carrier surface. During the recursive voxel subdivision on each level, we project the centers of the voxels onto basic plane. The computed coordinates, as well as in the case of ordinary RGB texture map, will define address in the so called "altitude map" or "shape texture". The altitude corresponding to this address and a level of details is calculated, and are used to modify coefficients of the base plane equation. As a result will be obtained a surface modulated with the values from the altitude map. Visualization in real time on graphical accelerators is implemented. The method is based on the analytic geometry in space, differential geometry and vector algebra, interpolation theory and matrix theory, based on mathematical modeling and computer science. The main conclusions of the study are: the ability to generate the terrain using the same mechanism as for the texture color to display the terrain and changing levels of detail. The image interpolation is used for filtering heights dynamically similar to color texture. In comparison with the known methods the proposed method computation time substantially does not dependent on the resolution of the height map when generating a terrain.

Keywords: regular elevation grid, graphics processing units, scalar perturbation functions, levels of detailisation, shape texture, voxel-based terrain, height-based terrain, irregular elevation grid, ray-tracing method, non-polygonal representation of terrain

References:
R. Ferguson, R. Economy, W. Kelly, and P. Ramos. “Continuous Terrain Level of Detail for Visual Simulation”, Proceedings of Image V Conference, June, 1990. pp. 144-151.
L.L. Scarlatos “A Refined Triangulation Hierarchy for Multiple Levels of Terrain Detail”, Proceedings of Image V Conference, June, 1990. pp. 115-122.
L.L. Scarlatos. Adaptive Terrain Models for Real-Time Simulation, Proceedings of the Digital Electronic Terrain Board Symposium, Wichita, KS, October 1989, pp. 219-229.
L.L. Scarlatos. A Compact Terrain Model Based On Critical Topographic Features, Proceedings of Auto Carto 9, Baltimore, MD, April 1989, pp. 146-155.
L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Adaptive Hierarchical Triangulation, Proceedings of Auto-Carto 10, Baltimore, MD, March 1991, pp. 234-246.
L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Hierarchical Triangulation Using Terrain Features, Proceedings of Visualization ‘90, San Francisco, CA, October 1990, pp. 168-175.
L.L. Scarlatos. An Automated Critical Line Detector for Digital Elevation Matrices, Technical Papers of 1990 ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention, Volume 2, Denver, CO, March 1990, pp. 43-52.
L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Adaptive Hierarchical Triangulation, Proceedings of Auto-Carto 10, Baltimore, MD, March 1991, pp. 234-246.
L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Hierarchical Triangulation Using Cartographic Coherence, CVGIP: Graphical Models and Image Processing, 54 (2), March 1992, pp. 147-161.
L.L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. “Real Time Manipulation of 3D Terrain Models", 1993 ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention & Exposition Technical Papers, Volume 3, New Orleans, LA, February 1993, pp. 331-339.
L.L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Techniques for Merging Raster and Vector Features with 3D Terrain Models in Real Time, 1993ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention & Exposition Technical Papers, Volume 1, New Orleans, LA, February 1993, pp. 372-381.
R. Pajarola, and E. Gobbetti. Survey on Semi-Regular Multiresolution Models for Interactive Terrain Rendering. The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics, Volume 23, Number 8, 2007, pp. 583–605.
P. Lindstrom, D. Koller, W. Ribarsky, L. F. Hodges, F. Nick, and G. A. Turner. Real-Time, Continuous Level of Detail Rendering of Height Fields. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1996, pp. 109–118.
M. Duchaineau, M. Wolinsky, D. E. Sigeti, M. C. Miller, C. Alrich, and M. B. Mineev-Weinstein. ROAMing Terrain: Real-time Optimally Adapting Meshes. Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Visualization ’97, pp. 81–88.
S. Rottger, W. Heidrich, P. Slusallek, and H-P. Seidel. Real-Time Generation of Continuous Levels of Detail for Height Fields. Proceedings of WSCG ’98, pp. 315–322.
H. Hoppe. Smooth View-Dependent Level-of-Detail Control and its Application to Terrain Rendering. Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization ’98, pp. 35–42.
Thatcher Ulrich. Super-size it! Scaling up to Massive Virtual Worlds”. SIGGRAPH 2002, Course Notes. New-York: ACM press, 2002.
C. C. Tanner, C. J. Migdal, and M. T. Jones. The Clipmap: A Virtual Mipmap. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1998, pp. 151–158.
F. Losasso, and H. Hoppe. Geometry Clipmaps: Terrain Rendering Using Nested Regular Grids. ACM Transactions on Graphics Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2004, Volume 23, Issue 3, 769–776.
A. Asirvatham, and H. Hoppe. Terrain Rendering Using GPU-Based Geometry Clipmaps. GPU Gems 2, Addison-Wesley, Chapter 2, 2005, pp. 27–45.
Y. Livny, Z. Kogan, and J. El-Sana. Seamless Patches for GPU-Based Terrain Rendering. The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics, Volume 25, Number 3, 2009, pp. 197–208.
C. Dick, J. Kruger, and R. Westermann. GPU Ray-Casting for Scalable Terrain Rendering. Proceedings of Eurographics 2009, pp. 43–50.
D. Cohen and A. Shaked. Photo-realistic imaging of digital terrain. Proceedings of Eurographics'93, Barselona-Spain, 6-10 September 1993, Volume 12 Number 3, pages 363-373.
D. W. Paglieroni and S. M. Petersen. Parametric heights field ray-tracing. Proceedings of Graphics Interface'92, 1992, pages 192-200.
G. Vezina and P. K. Robertson. Terrain perspectives on a massively parallel SIMD Computer. Proceedings of CG International'91, Springer-Verlag, 1991, pages 163-188.
P. Pitot, Y. Duthen, and R. Caubet. A parallel architecture for ray-casting. Computer Graphics'89, pages 463-472. Blenheim, 1989.
G. Agranov and C. Gotsman. Algorithms for Rendering Realistic Terrain Image Sequences and Their Parallel Implementation. Proceedings of Graphicon'95, pages 153-161, St. Petersburg, 1995.
W. E. Lorensen, and H. E. Cline. Marching Cubes: A High Resolution 3D Surface Construction Algorithm”. Computer Graphics, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 87, Volume 21, Issue 4, pp. 163–169.
R.Shu, C. Zhou, and M. S. Kankanhalli. Adaptive Marching Cubes. The Visual Computer, Volume 11, pp. 202–217.
R. Shekhar, E. Fayyad, R. Yagel, and J. F. Cornhill. Adaptive Marching Cubes”. The Visual Computer, Volume 11, 1996, pp. 202–217.
M. Kazhdan, A. Klein, K. Dalal, and H. Hoppe. Unconstrained Isosurface Extraction on Arbitrary Octrees. Proceedings of the 5th Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing, pp. 125–133.
J.F. Blinn. Simulation of Wrinkled Surfaces, Computer Graphics. Proc. SIGGRAPH 78, Vol. 12, No. 3, P.263.
C. Crassin, F. Neyret, S. Lefebvre, and E. Eisemann. GigaVoxels: Ray-guided Streaming for Efficient and Detailed Voxel Rendering. Proceedings of the 2009 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, pp. 15–22.
Manuel M. Oliveira, Gary Bishop, David McAllister. Relief Texture Mapping. Proc. SIGGRAPH 2000 (New Orleans, Louisiana, July 23-28, 2000). P. 324.
Lance Williams. “Pyramidal Parametrics, Computer Graphics”, 1983-12, N 4, P. 270.
Vyatkin S. I. Modelirovanie slozhnykh poverkhnostey s primeneniem funktsiy vozmushcheniya // Avtometriya, 2007, t. 43, ¹ 3. C. 40–47.
Vyatkin S. I. Metod binarnogo poiska elementov izobrazheniya funktsional'no zadannykh ob'ektov s primeneniem graficheskikh akseleratorov // Avtometriya, Tom 50, Nomer 6, 2014, S. 89-96.

References (transliteration):
R. Ferguson, R. Economy, W. Kelly, and P. Ramos. “Continuous Terrain Level of Detail for Visual Simulation”, Proceedings of Image V Conference, June, 1990. pp. 144-151.
L.L. Scarlatos “A Refined Triangulation Hierarchy for Multiple Levels of Terrain Detail”, Proceedings of Image V Conference, June, 1990. pp. 115-122.
L.L. Scarlatos. Adaptive Terrain Models for Real-Time Simulation, Proceedings of the Digital Electronic Terrain Board Symposium, Wichita, KS, October 1989, pp. 219-229.
L.L. Scarlatos. A Compact Terrain Model Based On Critical Topographic Features, Proceedings of Auto Carto 9, Baltimore, MD, April 1989, pp. 146-155.
L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Adaptive Hierarchical Triangulation, Proceedings of Auto-Carto 10, Baltimore, MD, March 1991, pp. 234-246.
L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Hierarchical Triangulation Using Terrain Features, Proceedings of Visualization ‘90, San Francisco, CA, October 1990, pp. 168-175.
L.L. Scarlatos. An Automated Critical Line Detector for Digital Elevation Matrices, Technical Papers of 1990 ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention, Volume 2, Denver, CO, March 1990, pp. 43-52.
L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Adaptive Hierarchical Triangulation, Proceedings of Auto-Carto 10, Baltimore, MD, March 1991, pp. 234-246.
L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Hierarchical Triangulation Using Cartographic Coherence, CVGIP: Graphical Models and Image Processing, 54 (2), March 1992, pp. 147-161.
L.L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. “Real Time Manipulation of 3D Terrain Models", 1993 ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention & Exposition Technical Papers, Volume 3, New Orleans, LA, February 1993, pp. 331-339.
L.L. Scarlatos and T. Pavlidis. Techniques for Merging Raster and Vector Features with 3D Terrain Models in Real Time, 1993ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention & Exposition Technical Papers, Volume 1, New Orleans, LA, February 1993, pp. 372-381.
R. Pajarola, and E. Gobbetti. Survey on Semi-Regular Multiresolution Models for Interactive Terrain Rendering. The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics, Volume 23, Number 8, 2007, pp. 583–605.
P. Lindstrom, D. Koller, W. Ribarsky, L. F. Hodges, F. Nick, and G. A. Turner. Real-Time, Continuous Level of Detail Rendering of Height Fields. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1996, pp. 109–118.
M. Duchaineau, M. Wolinsky, D. E. Sigeti, M. C. Miller, C. Alrich, and M. B. Mineev-Weinstein. ROAMing Terrain: Real-time Optimally Adapting Meshes. Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Visualization ’97, pp. 81–88.
S. Rottger, W. Heidrich, P. Slusallek, and H-P. Seidel. Real-Time Generation of Continuous Levels of Detail for Height Fields. Proceedings of WSCG ’98, pp. 315–322.
H. Hoppe. Smooth View-Dependent Level-of-Detail Control and its Application to Terrain Rendering. Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization ’98, pp. 35–42.
Thatcher Ulrich. Super-size it! Scaling up to Massive Virtual Worlds”. SIGGRAPH 2002, Course Notes. New-York: ACM press, 2002.
C. C. Tanner, C. J. Migdal, and M. T. Jones. The Clipmap: A Virtual Mipmap. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1998, pp. 151–158.
F. Losasso, and H. Hoppe. Geometry Clipmaps: Terrain Rendering Using Nested Regular Grids. ACM Transactions on Graphics Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2004, Volume 23, Issue 3, 769–776.
A. Asirvatham, and H. Hoppe. Terrain Rendering Using GPU-Based Geometry Clipmaps. GPU Gems 2, Addison-Wesley, Chapter 2, 2005, pp. 27–45.
Y. Livny, Z. Kogan, and J. El-Sana. Seamless Patches for GPU-Based Terrain Rendering. The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics, Volume 25, Number 3, 2009, pp. 197–208.
C. Dick, J. Kruger, and R. Westermann. GPU Ray-Casting for Scalable Terrain Rendering. Proceedings of Eurographics 2009, pp. 43–50.
D. Cohen and A. Shaked. Photo-realistic imaging of digital terrain. Proceedings of Eurographics'93, Barselona-Spain, 6-10 September 1993, Volume 12 Number 3, pages 363-373.
D. W. Paglieroni and S. M. Petersen. Parametric heights field ray-tracing. Proceedings of Graphics Interface'92, 1992, pages 192-200.
G. Vezina and P. K. Robertson. Terrain perspectives on a massively parallel SIMD Computer. Proceedings of CG International'91, Springer-Verlag, 1991, pages 163-188.
P. Pitot, Y. Duthen, and R. Caubet. A parallel architecture for ray-casting. Computer Graphics'89, pages 463-472. Blenheim, 1989.
G. Agranov and C. Gotsman. Algorithms for Rendering Realistic Terrain Image Sequences and Their Parallel Implementation. Proceedings of Graphicon'95, pages 153-161, St. Petersburg, 1995.
W. E. Lorensen, and H. E. Cline. Marching Cubes: A High Resolution 3D Surface Construction Algorithm”. Computer Graphics, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 87, Volume 21, Issue 4, pp. 163–169.
R.Shu, C. Zhou, and M. S. Kankanhalli. Adaptive Marching Cubes. The Visual Computer, Volume 11, pp. 202–217.
R. Shekhar, E. Fayyad, R. Yagel, and J. F. Cornhill. Adaptive Marching Cubes”. The Visual Computer, Volume 11, 1996, pp. 202–217.
M. Kazhdan, A. Klein, K. Dalal, and H. Hoppe. Unconstrained Isosurface Extraction on Arbitrary Octrees. Proceedings of the 5th Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing, pp. 125–133.
J.F. Blinn. Simulation of Wrinkled Surfaces, Computer Graphics. Proc. SIGGRAPH 78, Vol. 12, No. 3, P.263.
C. Crassin, F. Neyret, S. Lefebvre, and E. Eisemann. GigaVoxels: Ray-guided Streaming for Efficient and Detailed Voxel Rendering. Proceedings of the 2009 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, pp. 15–22.
Manuel M. Oliveira, Gary Bishop, David McAllister. Relief Texture Mapping. Proc. SIGGRAPH 2000 (New Orleans, Louisiana, July 23-28, 2000). P. 324.
Lance Williams. “Pyramidal Parametrics, Computer Graphics”, 1983-12, N 4, P. 270.
Vyatkin S. I. Modelirovanie slozhnykh poverkhnostey s primeneniem funktsiy vozmushcheniya // Avtometriya, 2007, t. 43, ¹ 3. C. 40–47.
Vyatkin S. I. Metod binarnogo poiska elementov izobrazheniya funktsional'no zadannykh ob'ektov s primeneniem graficheskikh akseleratorov // Avtometriya, Tom 50, Nomer 6, 2014, S. 89-96.

Abstract: The article presents a technique of automated image processing in aircraft systems of visual monitoring of the outside the cabin environment for use in the design and subsequent testing of such means. The method was developed taking into account specifics of ensuring the safety of aircraft in the night time and characteristics of modern optoelectronic systems used in manned and unmanned aircraft. The authors describe a technique of calculating the maximum range of the evaluation of low-level television imaging systems used in the composition of assets and systems of aircraft equipment. The research methodology combines the methods of system analysis, design, electro-optical systems, design and testing of aircraft equipment, methods of quality control of complex systems. Scientific novelty of the results is in the fact that they were obtained specifically for ensuring the safety of aircraft and can be used in the interests of rational justification characteristics, design of quality control and testing of similar systems intended for use in equipment ergonomics systems for various purposes.

Keywords: electronic optical transducer, automated image processing, distance of visual detection, system of image visualization, monitoring the situation outside the cabin, night vision goggles, safety of night flights, charge-coupled device, qualimetry technical systems, aircraft equipment

References:
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References (transliteration):
Makarenko V.G., Bogomolov A.V., Rudakov S.V., Podorozhnyak A.A. Tekhnologiya postroeniya inertsial'no-sputnikovoy navigatsionnoy sistemy upravleniya transportnymi sredstvami s neyrosetevoy optimizatsiey sostava vektora izmereniy // Mekhatronika, avtomatizatsiya, upravlenie. 2007. ¹ 1. S. 39-44.
Kukushkin Yu.A., Guziy A.G., Bogomolov A.V. Metodologiya stabilizatsii funktsional'nogo sostoyaniya operatora sistemy «chelovek-mashina» // Mekhatronika, avtomatizatsiya, upravlenie. 2002. ¹ 5. S. 17.
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Abstract: The author studies geometrical transformation of functionally defined three-dimensional shapes. The paper suggests description of geometrical objects using functions and implementing the methods of transformation of the describing function for geometric operations such as projection, offsetting, set-theoretic and functions of metamorphosis including morphing nonhomeomorphic objects as well as more complex geometric operations: sweeping by moving solid object and twisting of objects. Of all existing methods the functional representation is the most accurate way of describing object geometry, needs less space for storing data required. Functional representation provides compactness and flexibility in setting surfaces and objects obtained as a result of logical operations on volumes. Using functional representation of objects makes it possible to implement new effects on objects due to the introduction of operations on functions. It can be useful in modelling some complex movements of object and particles in scientific applications and games. The method of the research is based on the use of systematic and targeted approach in the evaluation of algorithmic solutions, theory of sets and analytic geometry, interpolation theory and matrix theory, mathematic modeling and theory of computing systems. The main conclusions of the study are: the possibility of implementing complex geometric operations (metamorphosis, projections, offsetting, twisting, sweeping) on objects; proposed method of describing threedimensional scene objects using reference surfaces and functions of the perturbation has a more compact description in comparison with known methods of specifying functionally defined objects; in comparison with known algorithms the rendering algorithm determines the point on the surface of functionally defined objects in less time due to the smaller number of calculations; the proposed functional description of objects simplifies the implementation of the mentioned above operations on geometric functions of the perturbation.

Keywords: geometric objects, geometric operations, perturbation function, quadrics, collision detection, three-dimensional morphing, set-theoretic operations, local deformation, global deformation, visualization

References:
Pentland and J. Williams. “Good vibrations: modal dynamics for graphics and animation”. ACM Computer Graphics, 23(3):pp. 185-192, 1990
C. Hoffmann. “Geometric and solid modeling”. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., San Mateo, CA, 1989
T. Duff. “Interval arithmetic and recursive subdivision for implicit functions and constructive solid geometry”. ACM Computer Graphics, 26(2):pp. 131-139, 1992
B.V. Herzen, A.H. Barr, and H.R. Zatz. “Geometric collisions for time-dependent parametric surfaces”. ACM Computer Graphics, 24(4), August 1990
J. K. Hahn. “Realistic animation of rigid bodies”. ACM Computer Graphics, 22(4):pp. 299-308, 1988
Gregory, M. Lin, et al. "H-Collide: A Framework for Fast and Accurate Collision Detection for Haptic Interaction". IEEE Virtual Reality, 1999
D. Baraff, “Fast contact force computation for nonpenetrating rigid bodies”, in Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conf. Series. ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 23-34, 1994
D. Baraff, “Analytical methods for dynamic simulation of non-penetrating rigid bodies”, in Computer Graphics Proceedings, ACM SIGGRAPH, vol. 23, pp. 223-232, 1989
M.C. Lin, “Efficient Collision Detection for Animation and Robotics”, PhD thesis, Dept. of Electrical Eng. and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA, 1993
Vyatkin S. I. Modelirovanie slozhnykh poverkhnostey s primeneniem funktsiy vozmushcheniya // Avtometriya, 2007, t. 43, ¹ 3. C. 40–47.
A. Sherstuyk. Fast ray tracing of implicit surfaces. In Implicit Surfaces’98.-June 1998.-P. 145-153.
D. Mitchel. Robust ray intersection with interval arithmetic. In Proceedings on Graphics Interface 1990, P. 68-74. 1990.
J. C. Hart. Sphere tracing: a geometric method for the antialiased ray tracing of implicit surfaces. The Visual Computer, 12:527-545, 1994.
D. Karla and A.H. Barr. Guaranteed ray intersections with implicit surfaces. Computer Graphics, 23:297-306, November 1989.
K. Perlin, E. M. Hoffert. Hypertexture. Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGGRAPH conference, Volume 23, Issue 3 (July 1989), P. 253 – 262.
Tuy, H. and Tuy, L. Direct 2-D Display of 3-D Objects, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 4, 10 (October 1984), P. 29-33.
Bloomenthal J. Skeletal Design of Natural Forms. Doctoral dissertation. University of Calgary. Department of Computer Science.-1995.
G. Wyvill, C. McPheeters, and B. Wyvill. Data structure for soft objects. The Visual Computer.-1986.-2(4)-P. 227-234.
H. Nishimura, M. Hirai, T. Kawai, T. Kawata, I. Shirakawa, and K. Omura. Object modelling by distribution function and a method of image generation. The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan.-1985.-J68-D (4)-P. 718-725.
S. Muraki. Volumetric shape description of range data using “blobby model”. Computer Graphics.-July 1991.-25(4)-P. 227-235.
McCormack J., Sherstyuk A. Creating and rendering convolution surfaces. Computing Graphics Forum.-1998.-Vol. 17.-No.2.-P 113-120.
J. F. Blinn. A generation of algebraic surface drawing. ACM Transactions on Graphics.-July 1982.-1(3)-P. 235-256.
Bloomenthal J., Shoemake K. “Convolution surfaces”, SIGGRAPH’91, Computer Graphics,-1991.-Vol.25.-No.4.-P 251-256.
G. Sealy, G. Wyvill. Smoothing of three dimensional models by convolution. In Computer Graphics International’96.-June 1996.-P 184-190.
Blinn J., A generation of algebraic surface drawing // ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(3): July 1982, P. 235-256.
Savchenko V.V., Pasko A.A. “Collision detection for functionally defined deformable objects”: The First International Workshop on Implicit Surfaces (Grenoble, France, April 18-19, 1995) /Eds. B.Wyvill and M.P. Gascuel: Eurographics-INRIA, pp. 217-221, 1995
D. C. Ruspini, K. Kolarov, and O. Knatib. "The haptic display of complex graphical environment". Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, vol. 1, pp. 295-301, August 1997
Vyatkin S.I., Dolgovesov B.S. Collision Detection of Functionally Defined Objects for Constant Time // Proc. of 15-th International Conference on Computer Graphics GraphiCon ’2005.-(Novosibirsk.-2005).-P. 164-169.
Vyatkin S. I. Metod binarnogo poiska elementov izobrazheniya funktsional'no zadannykh ob'ektov s primeneniem graficheskikh akseleratorov // Avtometriya, Tom 50, Nomer 6, 2014, S. 89-96.

References (transliteration):
Pentland and J. Williams. “Good vibrations: modal dynamics for graphics and animation”. ACM Computer Graphics, 23(3):pp. 185-192, 1990
C. Hoffmann. “Geometric and solid modeling”. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., San Mateo, CA, 1989
T. Duff. “Interval arithmetic and recursive subdivision for implicit functions and constructive solid geometry”. ACM Computer Graphics, 26(2):pp. 131-139, 1992
B.V. Herzen, A.H. Barr, and H.R. Zatz. “Geometric collisions for time-dependent parametric surfaces”. ACM Computer Graphics, 24(4), August 1990
J. K. Hahn. “Realistic animation of rigid bodies”. ACM Computer Graphics, 22(4):pp. 299-308, 1988
Gregory, M. Lin, et al. "H-Collide: A Framework for Fast and Accurate Collision Detection for Haptic Interaction". IEEE Virtual Reality, 1999
D. Baraff, “Fast contact force computation for nonpenetrating rigid bodies”, in Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conf. Series. ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 23-34, 1994
D. Baraff, “Analytical methods for dynamic simulation of non-penetrating rigid bodies”, in Computer Graphics Proceedings, ACM SIGGRAPH, vol. 23, pp. 223-232, 1989
M.C. Lin, “Efficient Collision Detection for Animation and Robotics”, PhD thesis, Dept. of Electrical Eng. and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA, 1993
Vyatkin S. I. Modelirovanie slozhnykh poverkhnostey s primeneniem funktsiy vozmushcheniya // Avtometriya, 2007, t. 43, ¹ 3. C. 40–47.
A. Sherstuyk. Fast ray tracing of implicit surfaces. In Implicit Surfaces’98.-June 1998.-P. 145-153.
D. Mitchel. Robust ray intersection with interval arithmetic. In Proceedings on Graphics Interface 1990, P. 68-74. 1990.
J. C. Hart. Sphere tracing: a geometric method for the antialiased ray tracing of implicit surfaces. The Visual Computer, 12:527-545, 1994.
D. Karla and A.H. Barr. Guaranteed ray intersections with implicit surfaces. Computer Graphics, 23:297-306, November 1989.
K. Perlin, E. M. Hoffert. Hypertexture. Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGGRAPH conference, Volume 23, Issue 3 (July 1989), P. 253 – 262.
Tuy, H. and Tuy, L. Direct 2-D Display of 3-D Objects, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 4, 10 (October 1984), P. 29-33.
Bloomenthal J. Skeletal Design of Natural Forms. Doctoral dissertation. University of Calgary. Department of Computer Science.-1995.
G. Wyvill, C. McPheeters, and B. Wyvill. Data structure for soft objects. The Visual Computer.-1986.-2(4)-P. 227-234.
H. Nishimura, M. Hirai, T. Kawai, T. Kawata, I. Shirakawa, and K. Omura. Object modelling by distribution function and a method of image generation. The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan.-1985.-J68-D (4)-P. 718-725.
S. Muraki. Volumetric shape description of range data using “blobby model”. Computer Graphics.-July 1991.-25(4)-P. 227-235.
McCormack J., Sherstyuk A. Creating and rendering convolution surfaces. Computing Graphics Forum.-1998.-Vol. 17.-No.2.-P 113-120.
J. F. Blinn. A generation of algebraic surface drawing. ACM Transactions on Graphics.-July 1982.-1(3)-P. 235-256.
Bloomenthal J., Shoemake K. “Convolution surfaces”, SIGGRAPH’91, Computer Graphics,-1991.-Vol.25.-No.4.-P 251-256.
G. Sealy, G. Wyvill. Smoothing of three dimensional models by convolution. In Computer Graphics International’96.-June 1996.-P 184-190.
Blinn J., A generation of algebraic surface drawing // ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(3): July 1982, P. 235-256.
Savchenko V.V., Pasko A.A. “Collision detection for functionally defined deformable objects”: The First International Workshop on Implicit Surfaces (Grenoble, France, April 18-19, 1995) /Eds. B.Wyvill and M.P. Gascuel: Eurographics-INRIA, pp. 217-221, 1995
D. C. Ruspini, K. Kolarov, and O. Knatib. "The haptic display of complex graphical environment". Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, vol. 1, pp. 295-301, August 1997
Vyatkin S.I., Dolgovesov B.S. Collision Detection of Functionally Defined Objects for Constant Time // Proc. of 15-th International Conference on Computer Graphics GraphiCon ’2005.-(Novosibirsk.-2005).-P. 164-169.
Vyatkin S. I. Metod binarnogo poiska elementov izobrazheniya funktsional'no zadannykh ob'ektov s primeneniem graficheskikh akseleratorov // Avtometriya, Tom 50, Nomer 6, 2014, S. 89-96.

Abstract: the article describes a parameterization of models of radar images of groups of “string” and “cluster” point objects. The authors study probabilistic characteristics of sufficient statistics for their distinction, necessary for the selection of decision rules optimal according to specified criteria under different conditions of observation. The article reviews a method of modeling the distortion of observed reference chains that reduced all the diversity of observations down to two parameters: curvature of the trajectory of the chain and degree of deviations of observed coordinates of point objects from their reference position. This technique allows formalizing and reducing the complexity of comparing competing methods of identification chains. The paper lists features of software for testing competing algorithms of distinguish group of objects. The authors suggest using ratio of the diameter of the graph of hierarchical grouping of objects detected to the total length of the edges of this graph as the statistics of distinguishing. Based on these mathematical models by statistical experiments the authors obtained sample estimates of the laws of probability for distribution of the sufficient statistic for distinguishing different values of model parameters. Taking into account the complexity and the properties of the mentioned method of distinguishing chains and groups the authors recommend it to be used in the construction of systems of recognition of group of point objects in high priori uncertainty regarding the parameters of the conditions of observation for groups with power not less than 10. The proposed architecture of the software package allows testing detection algorithms with signature having various number and type of parameters.

Keywords: distinguishing, chains recognition, group points object, distinguishing group of objects, nonstationary form, outline analysis, recognition by form, analysis of the graph form, hierarchical grouping graph, structural analysis of the graph

References:
Vvedenie v konturnyy analiz; prilozheniya k obrabotke izobrazheniy i signalov / Ya.A. Furman, A.V. Krevetskiy, A.K. Peredreev, i dr.; pod red. Ya.A.Furmana. – 2-e izd. – M.: FIZMATLIT, 2003. – 592 s.
Urzhumov D.V., Krevetskiy A.V. Opoznavanie ploskikh tsepochek tochechnykh i malorazmernykh ob'ektov po strukture ikh grafa ierarkhicheskoy gruppirovki // Vestnik PGTU. Radiotekhnicheskie i infokommunikatsionnye sistemy. – Yoshkar-Ola: PGTU, 2014. ¹1 (20). – S. 54-62.
Plekin V.Ya., Krevetskiy A.V. Obnaruzhenie gruppovykh tochechnykh ob'ektov s nestatsionarnoy konfiguratsiey // Izvestiya vuzov. Radioelektronika 1994, Tom 37, N3.-S. 8-21.
Aleksandresku A. Sovremennoe proektirovanie na C++. – M.: «Vil'yams», 2002. – 336 s

References (transliteration):
Vvedenie v konturnyy analiz; prilozheniya k obrabotke izobrazheniy i signalov / Ya.A. Furman, A.V. Krevetskiy, A.K. Peredreev, i dr.; pod red. Ya.A.Furmana. – 2-e izd. – M.: FIZMATLIT, 2003. – 592 s.
Urzhumov D.V., Krevetskiy A.V. Opoznavanie ploskikh tsepochek tochechnykh i malorazmernykh ob'ektov po strukture ikh grafa ierarkhicheskoy gruppirovki // Vestnik PGTU. Radiotekhnicheskie i infokommunikatsionnye sistemy. – Yoshkar-Ola: PGTU, 2014. ¹1 (20). – S. 54-62.
Plekin V.Ya., Krevetskiy A.V. Obnaruzhenie gruppovykh tochechnykh ob'ektov s nestatsionarnoy konfiguratsiey // Izvestiya vuzov. Radioelektronika 1994, Tom 37, N3.-S. 8-21.
Aleksandresku A. Sovremennoe proektirovanie na C++. – M.: «Vil'yams», 2002. – 336 s

Abstract: The article reviews a problem of a video stream frames segmentation in a “bottom-upwards” approach, which can’t be solved in a single processing step due to errors in binarization. For achieving the desired accuracy some additional processing units are needed, the working of each one end with a shift of working receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Intermediate positions of the displaced characteristic is saved in the operating points set up after each shift. The set of operating point makes a path to the area of required accuracy. This it’s only needed to match the sequence of processing units to get the required accuracy. The author developed a classification of approaches to segmentation in the “bottom-upwards” analysis that allows to determine the most effective processing units. A system of video analysis meeting the most recommendations was developed. Each block of segmentation is represented by a family of algorithm allowing to determine object coordinates with required accuracy, including subpixel accuracy. Fot the described system of video analysis the article presents it’s path and criteria for selecting operating points during the setup. The discussed classification approaches to segmentation along with criteria for selecting operating points and visualization method can be used in developing other systems of video analysis.

Keywords: wavelet transform, segmentation, image pyramid, ROC- characteristics, criterion, visualization, bottom-upwards, sub-pixel accuracy, classification, video data

Contact information: Kuz’min Sergei Aleksandrovich, 190000, Russia, Sankt-Peterburg, GUAP, ul. Bol’shaya Morskaya, d.67

References:
P. J. Burt and E. H. Adelson, The Laplacian pyramid as a compact image code. IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 532-540, April 1983.
N. Nguyen and P. Milanfar. A wavelet-based interpolation-restoration method for superresolution (wavelet superresolution). IEEE Transactions on Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2000, pp. 321-338.
Chochia P.A. Piramidal'nyy algoritm segmentatsii izobrazheniy // Informatsionnye protsessy, Tom 10, No 1, 2010. S. 23–35.
Motyko A.A. Obrabotka i analiz videodannykh v sistemakh monitoringa dvizhushchikhsya ob'ektov: avtoref. dis. na soisk. uchenoy step. kand. tekhn. nauk: 05.13.01: zashchishchena 22.05.2012 / A. A. Motyko. – SPb., 2012. – 20 s.
Kharatishvili N.G., Chkheidze I.M. Morfologicheskie postroeniya v kodirovanii izobrazheniy. Tbilisi: Gruzinskiy tekhnicheskiy universitet, 2009. 144 s.
Malashkevich I.A., Malashkevich V.B. Effektivnyy algoritm detsimatsii dannykh // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie.-2013.-5.-C. 1-6. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.5.9697. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/kp/article_9697.html
Kuz'min S. A. Issledovanie kombinatsii detektora impul'snogo shuma v binarnykh izobrazheniyakh i protsentil'nykh fil'trov// «Estestvennye i matematicheskie nauki v sovremennom mire»: materialy IX mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. (19 avgusta 2013 g.) — Novosibirsk: Izd. «SibAK», 2013. C. 34-44.
Kuz'min S.A. Issledovanie tochnosti segmentatsii podvizhnykh ob'ektov s ispol'zovaniem veyvletov semeystva Dobeshi// Nauchnaya sessiya GUAP: Sb. dokl.: V 3 ch. Ch.II. Tekhnicheskie nauki /SPbGUAP. SPb., 2008. S. 32-35.
Kuz'min S. A. Segmentatsiya posledovatel'nostey izobrazheniy s reguliruemoy tochnost'yu i vizualizatsiya effektivnosti// Tekhnicheskie nauki — ot teorii k praktike. ¹ 8 (21): sbornik statey po materialam XXV mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. — Novosibirsk: Izd. «SibAK», 2013. C. 44-54.
Kuz'min S.A. Obnaruzhenie vizual'nykh ob'ektov s ispol'zovaniem veyvlet-preobrazovaniya i otsenivaniya fona//Sistemy upravleniya i informatsionnye tekhnologii, 2.1(28), 2007. S. 158-162.
Kuz'min S.A. Obnaruzhenie dvizhushchikhsya vizual'nykh ob'ektov na osnove vydeleniya oblastey i konturov, ne prinadlezhashchikh fonu// Molodye uchenye-promyshlennosti Severo-Zapadnogo regiona: Materialy konferentsiy politekhnicheskogo simpoziuma. Dekabr' 2006 goda. SPb.: Izd-vo Politekhn. un-ta, 2006. S. 56.
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Zhen Xie, A Wavelet Based Algorithm for Image Super-Resolution/ Master of Science thesis. – USA, Atlanta GA: Emory University, December 2007. 63 p.

References (transliteration):
P. J. Burt and E. H. Adelson, The Laplacian pyramid as a compact image code. IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 532-540, April 1983.
N. Nguyen and P. Milanfar. A wavelet-based interpolation-restoration method for superresolution (wavelet superresolution). IEEE Transactions on Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2000, pp. 321-338.
Chochia P.A. Piramidal'nyy algoritm segmentatsii izobrazheniy // Informatsionnye protsessy, Tom 10, No 1, 2010. S. 23–35.
Motyko A.A. Obrabotka i analiz videodannykh v sistemakh monitoringa dvizhushchikhsya ob'ektov: avtoref. dis. na soisk. uchenoy step. kand. tekhn. nauk: 05.13.01: zashchishchena 22.05.2012 / A. A. Motyko. – SPb., 2012. – 20 s.
Kharatishvili N.G., Chkheidze I.M. Morfologicheskie postroeniya v kodirovanii izobrazheniy. Tbilisi: Gruzinskiy tekhnicheskiy universitet, 2009. 144 s.
Malashkevich I.A., Malashkevich V.B. Effektivnyy algoritm detsimatsii dannykh // NB: Kibernetika i programmirovanie.-2013.-5.-C. 1-6. DOI: 10.7256/2306-4196.2013.5.9697. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/kp/article_9697.html
Kuz'min S. A. Issledovanie kombinatsii detektora impul'snogo shuma v binarnykh izobrazheniyakh i protsentil'nykh fil'trov// «Estestvennye i matematicheskie nauki v sovremennom mire»: materialy IX mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. (19 avgusta 2013 g.) — Novosibirsk: Izd. «SibAK», 2013. C. 34-44.
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Abstract: the article present a solution for the problem of choosing an eff ective algorithm for determining the set of nearest points for 3D image recognition. The eff ectiveness of the algorithm for determining the set of nearest points aff ects eff ectiveness of the entire image recognition algorithm that uses the set of nearest points as a required step in the image recognition process. The authors present an algorithm for determining the set of nearest points by dividing the space into cubes, analyze the algorithm and shows mathematical relations of the algorithm time complexity. The article illustrates a solution for the task of the algorithm for dividing the space into cubes evaluating which consists of the splitting into elementary operations and expressing the time of execution via microoperations through constants for obtaining the degree of complexity and asymptotic relations showing the ratio of the algorithm execution time increase depending on the size of the input data. The article provides the estimations of the degree of the time complexity for the two implementations of the algorithm for dividing the space into cubes: sequential implementation and parallelized implementation. The authors present the parallelized implementation of the algorithm, obtain estimates its complexity and compare it by the time complexity with the known algorithms.

Keywords: image recognition, algorithm complexity, set of nearest points, algorithm efficiency, 3D image, image processing units, parallel algorithms, dynamic data structures, point distribution, vector space

Contact information: Sidorkina Irina Gennad’evna, 424000, Russia, Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, pl. Lenina, d. 3

References:
1. Akho, Al'fred, V., Khopkroft, Dzhon, Ul'man, Dzheffri, D. Struktury dannykh i
algoritmy = Data Structures and Algorithms. — Izdatel'skiy dom «Vil'yams», 2000. — S.
384. — ISBN 5-8459-0122-7 (rus.) / ISBN 0-201-00023-7 (angl.).-s.28-29.
2. Mestetskiy L.M. Skelet mnogosvyaznoy mnogougol'noy figury. Trudy mezhd. konf.
"Grafikon-2005". Novosibirsk, 2005.
3. S. Arya, D. M. Mount, Nathan S. Netanyahu. An Optimal Algorithm for Approximate Nearest
Neighbor Searching in Fixed Dimensions. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM-SIAM
Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 1994, pp. 573-582.
4. Korobeynikov A.G., Kudrin P.A., Sidorkina I.G. Algoritm raspoznavaniya
trekhmernykh izobrazheniy s vysokoy detalizatsiey. // Vestnik Mariyskogo
gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Radiotekhnicheskie i
infokommunikatsionnye sistemy – Yoshkar-Ola: Mariyskiy gosudarstvennyy
tekhnicheskiy universitet – 2010.-¹2(9). – S. 91-98.
5. Ryabinin K.B. Reshenie zadachi vybora posadochnoy ploshchadki bespilotnogo
letatel'nogo apparata na baze kvaternionnogo analiza / K. B. Ryabinin // Vestnik
MarGTU. – 2008. – ¹1(2). – S.33–43.

References (transliteration):
1. Akho, Al'fred, V., Khopkroft, Dzhon, Ul'man, Dzheffri, D. Struktury dannykh i
algoritmy = Data Structures and Algorithms. — Izdatel'skiy dom «Vil'yams», 2000. — S.
384. — ISBN 5-8459-0122-7 (rus.) / ISBN 0-201-00023-7 (angl.).-s.28-29.
2. Mestetskiy L.M. Skelet mnogosvyaznoy mnogougol'noy figury. Trudy mezhd. konf.
"Grafikon-2005". Novosibirsk, 2005.
3. S. Arya, D. M. Mount, Nathan S. Netanyahu. An Optimal Algorithm for Approximate Nearest
Neighbor Searching in Fixed Dimensions. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM-SIAM
Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 1994, pp. 573-582.
4. Korobeynikov A.G., Kudrin P.A., Sidorkina I.G. Algoritm raspoznavaniya
trekhmernykh izobrazheniy s vysokoy detalizatsiey. // Vestnik Mariyskogo
gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Radiotekhnicheskie i
infokommunikatsionnye sistemy – Yoshkar-Ola: Mariyskiy gosudarstvennyy
tekhnicheskiy universitet – 2010.-¹2(9). – S. 91-98.
5. Ryabinin K.B. Reshenie zadachi vybora posadochnoy ploshchadki bespilotnogo
letatel'nogo apparata na baze kvaternionnogo analiza / K. B. Ryabinin // Vestnik
MarGTU. – 2008. – ¹1(2). – S.33–43.

Abstract: The author focuses on the special aspects and algorithms of automatic generation of a parametric model of a non-parametric description of the drawing based on the adaptive core network of the drawing that changes depending on the size values used. Adaptive network serves as an effective universal parametric model of the drawing as it applies to the entire drawing and therefore to the all important points of the basic graphic primitives, that defines the shape of the item shown in the drawing. At the same time all elements of the drawing specification (various technological keys) are indirectly related to that network. This allows to automatically build almost complete design drawings of modified items. Building of the adaptive core network depends only on the basic graphical elements, view and sizes used. It is not depended on the order and way of formation of graphic primitives (the algorithm of constricting the item), and time and means of dimensional notating of the drawing. That makes it possible to use such network to automatically generate the parametric description of almost any design drawing previously build in the non-parametric systems. It requires only clear dimensional notation for the shape of the item, i.e. the original drawing must meet the requirements of “Unified system for design documentation” allowing to produce the item. The software systems based on the adaptive network may find wide use in the development departments of engineering design offices and businesses.

Keywords: Software, parameterization, adaptation, basic, network, drawing, type, model, algorithm, relation.

Contact information: Lyachek Yuriy Teodosovich, 197376, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, ul. Professora Popova, d. 5.

References:
1. Abdulkader Bassam Akhmed, al'-shaykh khasan, Lyachek Yu.T. Ustanovlenie svyazey mezhdu elementami ba-
zovoy seti pri parametrizatsii chertezhey // Informatsionno-upravlya-yushchie sistemy. — 2011. —
¹5(54). — S. 39-46.
2. Abdulkader Bassam Akhmed, Lyachek Yu.T. Vyyavlenie vidov detaley pri avtomaticheskom formiro-
vanii parametricheskikh modeley elektronnykh opisaniy chertezhey // Izvestiya SPbGETU “LETI”. —
2012. — ¹3. — S. 27-32.
3. al'-shaykh khasan, Lyachek Yu.T. Obrabotka parallel'nykh razmerov pri parametrizatsii chertezhey //
Inf. tekhn. v prof. deyatel'nosti i nauchn. rabote // Sb. materialov Vserossiyskoy nauch.-prakt.
konf. 2011 g. — Yoshkar-Ola: Mariyskiy gosudarstvennyy tekhnicheskiy universitet: v 2 ch. – ch. 1. —
s. 85-92.

References (transliteration):
1. Abdulkader Bassam Akhmed, al'-shaykh khasan, Lyachek Yu.T. Ustanovlenie svyazey mezhdu elementami ba-
zovoy seti pri parametrizatsii chertezhey // Informatsionno-upravlya-yushchie sistemy. — 2011. —
¹5(54). — S. 39-46.
2. Abdulkader Bassam Akhmed, Lyachek Yu.T. Vyyavlenie vidov detaley pri avtomaticheskom formiro-
vanii parametricheskikh modeley elektronnykh opisaniy chertezhey // Izvestiya SPbGETU “LETI”. —
2012. — ¹3. — S. 27-32.
3. al'-shaykh khasan, Lyachek Yu.T. Obrabotka parallel'nykh razmerov pri parametrizatsii chertezhey //
Inf. tekhn. v prof. deyatel'nosti i nauchn. rabote // Sb. materialov Vserossiyskoy nauch.-prakt.
konf. 2011 g. — Yoshkar-Ola: Mariyskiy gosudarstvennyy tekhnicheskiy universitet: v 2 ch. – ch. 1. —
s. 85-92.