Abstract: The subject of this study was to identify the features of the relationship between leadership abilities and the aggressiveness of adolescents.
The object of the study was the leadership abilities and aggressiveness of adolescents.
The article presents the results of an empirical study to identify the relationship between leadership abilities and adolescent aggressiveness.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were:
- views on aggressiveness as an innate instinctive tendency (Z. Freud, K. Lorenz); personality property (A. Levitov, E. Fromm, etc.).
- theoretical provisions on the causes of aggression in adolescence (B.S. Bratus, A.Ya. Varga, V.I. Garbuzov, I.S. Kon, E.A. Lichko, A.A. Rean, K. Horney and etc.).
– theoretical principles of studying the leadership qualities of adolescents (I.P. Volkov, E.A. Gantseva, I.S. Kon, B.D. Parygin, A.I. Prigozhy, A.V. Petrovsky, R. Krichevsky).
The theoretical significance and novelty of the study lies in the systematization of theoretical ideas about the features of the relationship between leadership abilities and the aggressiveness of adolescents.
The practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the results obtained in schools for educational psychologists, for counseling psychologists who work with adolescents.
Empirically, the psychological features of the relationship between leadership abilities and the aggressiveness of adolescents were revealed. With high indicators of leadership abilities, adolescents are dominated by high rates of verbal, object aggression and self-aggression; with average indicators of leadership abilities, adolescents show high rates of verbal, emotional aggression and self-aggression; Low leadership abilities of adolescents correspond to indicators of low emotional aggression. The results of this study indicate a statistically significant relationship between leadership abilities and adolescent aggressiveness.
The results obtained in the study can be used to develop psycho-prophylactic and psycho-corrective programs aimed at correcting aggressive behavior and developing leadership abilities in adolescents.

Keywords: adolescent aggressiveness, aggressiveness, aggression, adolescence, teenagers, peculiarities, leadership skills, leadership, relationship, personality

References:
Artimovich, R.I. (2022). The relationship of emotional intelligence and leadership abilities of adolescents. Psychological Vademecum: Metatheory: sociocultural-contextual interdetermination of dialogism: Collection of scientific articles, 95-100. Edited by S.L. Bogomaza, V.A. Karaterzi, S.F. Pashkovich. Vitebsk: Vitebsk State University. P.M. Masherova.
Kulagina, A.V. (2019). The problem of leadership in adolescence. Scientific electronic journal Meridian, 15(33), 477-479.
Bozhinova, A.V. (2022). Features of the manifestation of leadership in adolescence. Science of young people is the future of Russia: collection of scientific articles of the 7th International scientific conference of promising developments of young scientists, Kursk, December 12–13, 2, 63-66.
Gorbacheva E.S. (2018). Determination of leadership abilities in adolescents. Value Orientations of Youth in the Conditions of Modernization of Modern Society: Proceedings of the Interregional

Abstract: Much attention has been recently given to examination of developmental peculiarities of cognitive processes of children and adolescents with special abilities. The goal lies in comparative study of the ontogenetic peculiarities of cerebral mechanisms underlying the processing of emotional information in children who are engaged in extracurricular musical and mathematical activities. The sampling included the children engaged in additional activities and the control group, and consisted of the three age groups: 7-10 year, 10-13 years, and 14-17 years. In the conducted experimental studies, the respondents had to identify the emotional intonation of speech in the given phrase. The study revealed the significant ontogenetic differences in perception of emotional prosody of speech between the control group and the children engaged in additional activities. In the group of children of 7-13 years, who are engaged in additional classes, the predominant activity of left hemisphere testifies to the specificity of inter-hemispheric connections in the perception of emotional information. The dependence of the effects of cerebral lateralization on age was analogous in the groups of children engaged in mathematical and musical activities; and differed from the results of the control group, which allows claiming that the interinfluence of mathematical and musical skills is to a certain extent explained by the peculiarities of developmental age of cerebral lateralization in childhood and adolescence.

Keywords: additional education, children, perception, emotional intonation, cerebral lateralization, development, cognitive processes, music lessons, mathematics, age-related changes

References:
Schellenberg E. G., Weiss M. W. Music and cognitive abilities / Chapter in Psychology of Music. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381460-9.00012-2
Incognito, O., Scaccioni, L., & Pinto, G. The impact of a music education program on meta-musical awareness, logical-mathematical, and notational skills in preschoolers // International Journal of Music Education. 2021. 02557614211027247.
Vaughn, K. Music and mathematics: Modest support for the oft-claimed relationship // Journal of Aesthetic Education. 2000. 34(3/4), 149-166.
Guhn M., Emerson S. D., Gouzouasis P. A population-level analysis of associations between school music participation and academic achievement // Journal of Educational Psychology. 2020. T. 112. ¹. 2. Rr. 308.
Santos-Luiz C., Mónico L.S., Almeida L.S., Coimbra D. Exploring the long-term associations between adolescents’ music training and academic achievement // Musicae Scientiae. 2016, 20(4), 512-527
Wetter O.E., Koerner F., Schwaninger A. Does musical training improve school

Abstract: The subject of this research is the correlation between the positive experience of going through the midlife normative crisis and the mechanisms of development of the value-semantic sphere. The goal of this article lies in description of the results of empirical study dedicated to tracing the dependence of positive experience of going through midlife normative crisis on such mechanisms of the development of value-semantic sphere as self-cognition, self-fulfillment, self-determination, and self-transcendence. The article employs the method of comparison that allows concluding on the peculiarities of value-semantic sphere in the groups of respondents with or without experience of going through midlife crisis; method of measurement for determining the numerical values of the measured quantity – the level of manifestation of certain values, mechanisms, parameters, etc; cross-sectional method is used for obtaining empirical data. The validity of the acquired results is ensured by the standardized psychological tools for collecting information, as well as by reference to the methods of mathematical statistics. The conclusion is drawn that positive experience of going through the normative midlife crisis is associated with the higher level of manifestation of such mechanisms of the development of value-semantic sphere as self-cognition, self-fulfillment, self-determination, and self-transcendence. It is established that value-semantic benchmarks in the groups of respondents with positive experience of going through the age crisis depends on the spiritual satisfaction and achievements; while negative experience is rather associated with self-centered values. The novelty of this research lies in establishing correlation between the positive experience of going through the normative midlife crisis and the mechanisms of the development of value-semantic sphere. The obtained results can be used by practicing psychologists and acmeologists dealing with the professional growth and personal becoming, family crises, and developmental crises.

Keywords: self-realization, personal maturity, generativity, acme achievement, normative crisis, mid-adulthood, developmental psychology, value-meaning sphere, self-development, mechanisms of development

References:
Shevkova E.V., Berezina E.M., Polyanina O.I. Sovremennye praktiki razvitiya vzroslosti: filosofskie i psikhologicheskie aspekty // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. 2018. ¹ 2 (34). S. 221-228.
Falunina E.V., Falunin V.F., Ul'yanova A.A. Ponyatie «mekhanizm» v psikhologii i vozmozhnost' ego primeneniya v opisanii psikhologicheskikh protsessov // Problemy sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Sibiri. 2015. ¹ 2 (20). S. 147 – 151.
Stolin V.V., Pantileev S.R. Oprosnik samootnosheniya // Praktikum po psikhodiagnostike: Psikhodiagnosticheskie materialy. M., 1988. S. 123-130.
Sivrikova N.V. Osobennosti tsennostno-smyslovoy sfery lichnosti v vozrastnykh krizisakh vzroslosti // V mire nauchnykh otkrytiy. 2012. ¹ 11-4 (35). S. 234-249.
Soldatova E.L. Struktura i dinamika normativnogo krizisa perekhoda k vzroslosti. Chelyabinsk: Izd-vo YuUrGU, 2007. 267 s.
Petrovskiy V. A. Fenomen sub'ektnosti v psikhologii lichnosti: avtoref.dis. ... d-ra psikhol. nauk. M., 1993. 76 s.
Sapogova E.E. Territoriya vzroslosti

Abstract: The subject of this research is the emotional component of gender identity of adolescent girls. The goal is to determine the specificity of transformation of the emotional component of gender identity of adolescent girls. The author meticulously analyzes the transformation of emotional component of gender identity of adolescent girls. Gender identity implies the internal dynamic structure that integrates separate aspects of personality, associated with perception of oneself as a representative of particular gender and self-regulation of the gender-role behavior. Research methodology is based on the cultural-historical theory of mental development of a person developed by L. S. Vygotsky, age periodization developed by D. B. Elkonin, conceptual positions in the context of studying gender problematic developed by E. P. Ilyin, V. E. Kagan, I. S. Kletsina, N. Y. Flotskaya, and other works.. The empirical basis includes 30 adolescent girls from the nuclear families. The age of respondents from the first to the fourth year of research was 12-13, 14, 15, and 16-17 y.o. respectively. This article is first to theoretically substantiate and provide empirical evidence of the existence of transformation of emotional component of gender identity of girls during their puberty period. The author determines the qualitative characteristics of emotional component of gender identity of girls at early, middle, and later stages of adolescence. The conclusion is made that the emotional component of gender identity of adolescent girls transforms throughout the earlier adolescence to later adolescence. Therefore, at the age of 12-13, teenage girls perceive their mother as exigent, while seeing the father as rather positive. At the age of 14, girls perceive the father as emotionally detached, indifferent, while the attitude towards the mother is unstable and changeable. At the age of 15, the father is perceived as antagonistic and emotionally detached, while the mother is also perceived as antagonistic and indifferent. By the age of 16-17, girls form attitudes towards themselves through the current and future social roles – daughter, sister, mother, wife.

Keywords: Self-awareness, Sexual role, Emotional component, Gender, Teens, Gender identity, Sexual socialization, Parents ' attitude, Forming, Development

References:
Abramenkova V.V. Polovaya differentsiatsiya i seksualizatsiya detstva // Voprosy psikhologii.-2003.-¹ 5.-S.103-120.
Aleshina Yu. E., Volovich A.S. Problemy usvoeniya roley muzhchiny i zhenshchiny // Voprosy psikhologii. — 1991. — ¹ 4. — S. 74—82.
Akhmedpashaeva K.A., Garunova P.M. . Garmonichnoe formirovanie polovoy identichnosti kak uslovie neytralizatsii addiktsii podrostka//Gumanizatsiya innovatsionnogo obrazovaniya v sovremennykh usloviyakh: perspektivy i dostizheniya. K 100-letiyu Velikoy oktyabr'skoy revolyutsii v Rossii. Materialy VI Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii.-2017.-S. 47-51.
Bem S. Linzy gendera: Transformatsiya vzglyadov na problemu neravenstva polov.-M.: Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSSPEN), 2004.-336s.
Bern Sh. Gendernaya psikhologiya.-M.: Praym-Evroznak, 2002.-320s.
Bobkova T.S. Osobennosti polovoy identifikatsii podrostkov v raznykh sotsial'no-pedagogicheskikh situatsiyakh razvitiya: dis. ... kand. psikhol. nauk.-Tol'yatti, 2010.-251 s.
Bozhovich L. I. Etapy formirovaniya lichnosti v ontogeneze // Voprosy

Abstract: The modern period of social development is characterized by the active establishment of new psychological, philosophical and socioeconomic knowledge, with a significant increase in the performance and reliability of a specialist, namely in the conditions of multitasking. Therefore, besides the professional competencies, personality traits are also of major importance. In carrying out their professional activity, the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation often face the challenges related to personal responsibility, morals and ethics, as well as specific perception of professional and personal reliability. The article provides the results of theoretical analysis aimed at determination of the grounds for creating a psychological model for the development of professional and personal reliability of the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the psychological, pedagogical, engineering, sociological; and legal research dedicated to reliability; reveal the key structural components of psychological model of the development of reliability of the staff members; outline the prospects for further research on the topic .The development of personal and professional reliability is a relevant problem of modern psychology and requires comprehensive scientific examination, same as the problem of creating a psychological model for the development of personal and professional reliability of the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: determinants, theoretical analysis, researches, psychology, psychological model, development, reliability, employees Ministry of emergency situations of Russia, structural components, morality

References:
Anan'ev B.G. Chelovek kak predmet poznaniya. SPb.: Piter, 2010. 282 s.
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Dezhkina Yu.A. Razvitie professional'no vazhnykh kachestv sotrudnikov gosudarstvennoy protivopozharnoy sluzhby MChS Rossii v protsesse professionalizatsii: disser. … kand. psikhol. nauk. SPb., 2007. 175

Abstract: The goal of this research is to analyze the semantic characteristics and conformity of the real-Self and ideal-Self of future psychologists, as well as to determine the key trends in building interpersonal relations. The subject of this research is the images of real-Self and ideal-Self in the context of studying interpersonal relations of future psychologists. The ability to effectively build interpersonal relations, properly assess yourself in the course of communication is the basic skill of future psychologists, which plays a significant role for success of their professional activity. The novelty of this work consists in the analysis of semantic characteristics and coherence of the images of real-Self and ideal-Self in the context of studying interpersonal relations of future psychologists. For achieving the set goal, the author employs T. Leary’s methodology “The Diagnostics of Interpersonal Relations” (adapted by L. N. Sobchik). The conclusions consist in determination of the two opposite trends in interpersonal relations of future psychologists: dominance and cooperation (the first trend prevails in real-Self). The author also established that most octants have the optimal level of coherence between the images of real-Self and ideal-Self, which promotes the effective professional and personal development of future specialists. The acquires results can be used for improving the quality of professional education of future psychologists, as well as in counseling and coaching activities on the development of skills for building interpersonal relations and images of the real-Self and ideal-Self.

Keywords: personal development, interpersonal interaction, interpersonal relationships, self-concept development, self-concept components, self-concept, ideal-self, real-self, professional development, future psychologists

References:
Kudashkina, O.V. Razvitie pozitivnykh mezhlichnostnykh otnosheniy studentov sredstvami psikhologicheskogo treninga [Tekst] / O.V. Kudashkina, T.A. Belova // Kazanskiy pedagogicheskiy zhurnal, 2019. – 6 (137). – S. 146-149.
Kleptsova, E.Yu. Vidy mezhlichnostnykh otnosheniy [Tekst] / E. Yu. Kleptsova // Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN, 2013. − ¹ 2. – S. 382-387.
Kagan, M.S. Mir obshcheniya: Problema mezhsub'ektnykh otnosheniy [Tekst] / M.S. Kagan. – M.: Politizdat, 1988. – 319 s.
Zinalieva, N.K. Professional'naya podgotovka budushchikh psikhologov i ee rol' v razvitii mezhlichnostnoy kommunikatsii [Tekst] / N. K. Zinalieva // Vestnik Astrakhanskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2007. – ¹ 5 (40).
Druzhinin, V.N. Varianty zhizni. Ocherki ekzistentsial'noy psikhologii [Tekst] / V.N. Druzhinin. – SPb.: Piter, 2010. – 160 s.
Berns, R. Razvitie Ya-kontseptsii i vospitanie [Tekst] / R. Berns. – M.: Progress, 2010. – 263 s.
Golovin, S.Yu. Slovar' prakticheskogo psikhologa [Tekst] / S.Yu. Golovin. – Mn.: Kharvest, 1998. –

Abstract: The subject of this research is the self-identity of twins in preschool age. The goal is to determine correlations between the behavioral indicators of intra-pair interaction and the parameters of functionality of self-identity of twins of preschool age. Detailed analysis is conducted on the role of twin situation and intra-pair interaction of twins in the development of self-identity in preschool age. The twin situation is interpreted as a special social situation of development that defines the formation of personality of twins; it is associated with the occurrence of specific intra-pair interactions that determine the development of self-identity of a preschooler. The research methodology is based on the cultural-historical approach that reveals the role of social situation in child’s development (L. S. Vygotsky), concept of self-identity (S. L. Rubinstein, L. I. Bozhovich), studies on twins (T. B. Morozov, M. T. Miliora). The empirical base is represented by 100 twins of preschool age. This article is first to give theoretical substantiation and empirical proof to the existence of correlation between the behavioral indicators of intra-pair interaction of twins and characteristics of self-identity of dizygotic and monozygotic twins in preschool age. The following conclusions were made: dizygotic and monozygotic twins may have a different nature of intra-pair interaction, which relates to the peculiarities of self-identity preschoolers; dizygotic twins have high possibility of rivalry with their twin; monozygotic twins are rather oriented towards cooperation. The proclivity for cooperation in the process of joint activity creates the foundation for positive self-esteem, self-acceptance, and assessment of own performance. The proclivity for rivalry allows the twins to be more independent, take responsibility for the results of their work, creates foundation for the development of self-identity, self-cognition, and self-understanding.

Keywords: Cooperation, Social development situation, Twin developmental situation, Zygosity, Twins, Preschoolers, Self-awareness, Rivalry, Activities, Development

References:
Fatullaeva, A. T. Formirovanie samootsenki kak osnova lichnostnogo stanovleniya v mladshem shkol'nom vozraste: dis. ... kand. pedag. nauk.-Makhachkala, 2009.-173 s.
Uruntaeva G.A. Doshkol'naya psikhologiya.-M.: Akademiya, 2016.-336 s.
Sergeeva A.V. Psikhologiya integral'noy identichnosti lichnosti. – Odessa: Leradruk, 2013. – 317s.
Rubinshteyn S.L. Osnovy obshchey psikhologii.-SPb: Piter, 2005.-712 s.
Mukhina V.S. Vozrastnaya psikhologiya. – M.: «Akademiya», 2003. – 368 s.
Morozova T.B. Osobennosti raboty s det'mi bliznetsami // Narodnoe obrazovanie. – 2009.-¹ 1. – S. 10-18.
Lisina M.I. Obshchenie, lichnost' i psikhika rebenka. – M.: Inst. prakt. psikhologii, 1997. – 384 s.
Kuz'mina A.S., Prayzendorf E.S., Kovalenko K.E., Livitskaya Yu.D., Myasnikova O.V. Kharakteristiki samosoznaniya bliznetsov doshkol'nogo vozrasta: svidetel'stvo o registratsii bazy dannykh ¹2020621039 ot 22.06.2020 g.
Larina A. B. Formirovanie poznavatel'noy samootsenki uchashchikhsya v nachal'noy shkole. – Kaliningrad: KOIRO, 2011. – 56 s.
Kravtsova E.E. Psikhologi

Abstract: This article describes the results of research carried out among youth for determining the perceptions of the image of the future. The image of the future is a dynamic psychological state that sets a vector of life and self-organization of individuals, and serves as the basis for projecting the development of personality and resources, essential for realization of its life path. Leaning on the analysis of existing perceptions of the image of the future suitable for youth, it was established that it relates to the perception of life as a dependent on the subject of activity, which correlates with independence, self-control, acceptance of social roles and emotional self-esteem. The author assumes that there are three key strategies in description of the image of the future for young men and women: planning, description of emotional relationships, and self-determination. The research involved total of 1,538 respondents (610 male and 928 female, aged 14-28. The classical methodology developed by I. S. Kon “Me in 5 Years” served as the main method for this study. Images of the future for young men and women contain both, different and similar strategies. Young women receiving vocational education see their future through planning, and the ones studying in high school and universities – through self-determination. Young men who study in high school and universities see their future through emotional relationships, and students of vocational education – through self-determination. This implies that namely the level of educational institution (school, university, vocational education) allows forming certain gender differences in the image of the future.

Keywords: gender, level of education, boys and girls, future, youth, growing, image of the future, youthful age, independence, age development

References:
Seiter, L. N., and L. J. Nelson. 2011. “An Examination of Emerging Adulthood in College Students and Nonstudents in India.” Journal of Adolescent Research 26 (4): 506–536
Rankin, L. A., and D. B. Kenyon. 2008. “Demarcating Role Transitions as Indicators of Adulthood in the 21st Century: Who Are They?” Journal of Adult Development 15 (2): 87–92.
Nelson, L. J. 2009. “An Examination of Emerging Adulthood in Romanian College Students.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 33 (5): 402–411.
Horowitz, A. D., and R. D. Bromnick. 2007. “‘Contestable Adulthood’: Variability and Disparity in Markers for Negotiating the Transition to Adulthood.” Youth & Society 39: 209–231.
Crocetti, E., & Tagliabue, S. (2016). Are being responsible, having a stable job, and caring for the family important for adulthood? Examining the importance of different criteria for adulthood in Italian emerging adults.
Badger, S., L. J. Nelson, and C. M. Barry. 2006. “Perceptions of the Transition to Adulthood among Chines

Abstract: The goal of this article is to examine the psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies of teenagers with different types of parenting. The subject of this research is the mechanisms of psychological defense and coping strategies of teenagers with different types of ubpringing. The empirical object of the research became the sample of 72 teenagers (36 girls and 28 boys), aged 14 to 15, as well as 72 parents (mothers). Based on the results of empirical research, the author acquired scientific facts on specificity of using psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies by teenagers with different types of parenting. The research program contains diagnostic techniques of parenting strategies, family relationship, mechanism of psychological defense of personality, and coping strategies. The statistical analysis was carried out using the parametric student's T-test. The scientific facts obtained in the course of study broaden the perspective on teenagers and possibilities of rendering them psychological assistance within the framework of non-constructive forms of coping strategies and coping behavior. The following conclusions were made: 1) teenagers raised by authoritarian parents try to avoid contact with reality and solution of the arising problems, they usually use the psychological defense mechanism “compensation”; 2) teenagers from the families with democratic parenting often use the psychological defense mechanism “intellectualization” and coping the strategy for solving problems; 3) the peculiarity of hyperprotective parenting forms the psychological defense mechanism “substitution” and coping strategy of avoiding problems; 4) pandering type of parenting results in manifestation of the desire to avoid contact with surrounding reality and solution of the problems, the most widespread strategy of coping behavior among such teenagers is “avoidance”.

Keywords: deliberate action strategies, coping behavior, psychological defense mechanisms, defensive behavior, stress, a family, teenager, family parenting style, family parenting strategies, pathological parenting strategies

References:
Lavrenova A. M., Rayanova Yu. Yu. Issledovanie koping-strategiy v mezhlichnostnykh otnosheniyakh podrostkov // Molodezh' v novom tysyacheletii: problemy i resheniya. Sbornik statey. 2017. S. 212-217.
Kvitsinskaya Yu. A. Vliyanie tipov semeynogo vospitaniya na formirovanie Ya-kontseptsii rebenka // Psikhologiya XXI veka. Teoriya i praktika sovremennoy psikhologii. materialy XI mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii molodykh uchenykh. 2016. S. 153-157.
Gushchina T. V. Zashchitnoe i sovladayushchee povedenie v disfunktsional'noy sem'e v period krizisa // Sovladayushchee povedenie: Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy. M.: IP RAN. 2008. S. 157-179.
Irkhina I. E., Osmanova G. Sh. Problema komp'yuternoy zavisimosti u detey mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta i ee svyaz' s tipom semeynogo vospitaniya // Byulleten' Severnogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2018. ¹ 1 (40). S. 64-66.
Barsukov A. V. Vliyanie tipov semeynogo vospitaniya na formirovanie samootnosheniya u podrostkov s asotsial'nym povedeniem: Avtoref. dis…kand. psikhol. nauk. Nizhegorodskiy

Abstract: This article discusses deficit of the model of psychological (from standpoint of difficulties) translation of prospects of actions of another person to the prospect of own actions in the process of imitation. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of group distinctions and comparison of imitational abilities of the children with typical development and children with developmental delay, as well as determine the degree to which the changes in the level of psychological model and identification of direction of the views would related to changes in imitation. The survey 124 children of preschool age. Comparison was conducted on the development of psychological model and imitation in the three contrasting groups: children with typical development, children with developmental delay, and children with delay in speech development. The group differences of imitation in relation to the psychological model were detected. It is demonstrated that the problems associated with imitation cam manifest as the universal symptoms for explanation of deficit in the development of psychological model. Analysis of the obtained results allow concluding that for effective accomplishment of imitational patents, it is necessary to understand and distinguish the mental states of another person.

Keywords: developmental psychology, social cognition, social attention, atypical development, preschool age, theory of mind, divided attention, joint attention, imitation, impaired mental function

References:
Volker M. A., Lopata C., Vujnovic K., Smerbeck A. M., Toomey J. A., Rodgers J.D. Comparison of the Bender Gestalt-II and VMI-V in samples of typical children and children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders // Psychoedu. Assess. 2010. ¹ 28. P. 187–200.
Uzgiris I. Imitation as activity: Its developmental aspects // Nadel J., Butterworth G. Imitation and Autism. Imitation in infancy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1999. P. 186–206.
Stone W. L., Yoder P. J. Predicting spoken language level in children with autism spectrum disorders // Autism. 2001. ¹ 5. P. 341–361.
Smith V., Mirenda P., ZaidmanZait A. Predictors of expressive vocabulary growth in children with Autism // Speech Lang Hear Res. 2007. ¹ 50(1). P. 14960.
Simpson A., Riggs K.J. Three-and 4-year-olds encode modeled actions in two ways leading to immediate imitation and delayed emulation // Developmental Psychology. 2011. ¹ 47(3). P. 834-840.
Rogers S. J., Williams J. H .G. Imitation in Autism Findings and Controve

Abstract: This article examines the peculiarities of personal development among young people during studying at lyceum; special aspects of value attitude to health from the perspective of representation of the value of health in person’s mentality on the level of objective importance, subjective meanings and emotional fabric; as well as correlation between personal development and value attitude to health in young age. The subject of this research is the value attitude to health in mentality of a person striving for personal growth. The study uses the personal values diagnostic technique KVS-3 (D. V. Kashirsky), psychological wellness (C. Ryff). Self-actualization test (L. Y. Gozman), and original methodology aimed at studying value attitude to health (N. A. Shamoylova). It is establishes that full self-realization and self-growth is in the top three fundamental values among 64.5% of respondents. It is demonstrated that for a person with high and medium level of value attitude to health, the value of health in students’ mentality manifests harmoniously, without prevalence of one or another value aspect (importance, meaning, emotional fabrics). The author underlines correlation between the value attitude to health and strive for personal growth in young age.

Keywords: self-actualization of personality, self-development of personality, psychological structure of consciousness, value attitude, cultural-historical theory, psychological well-being, youth, meaning, personal meaning, sensual fabric

References:
Abul'khanova-Slavskaya K.A. Strategiya zhizni. – M.: Mysl', 1991. – 299 s.
Alekseeva V.G. Tsennostnye orientatsii kak faktor zhiznedeyatel'nosti i razvitiya lichnosti // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 1984. ¹5. T. 5. S. 63-70.
Belinskaya T. V.Psikhologicheskie sostavlyayushchie razvitiya tsennostnogo otnosheniya k zdorov'yu u studentov pedagogicheskogo vuza: avtoreferat ... kand psikh. nauk : 19.00.07.-Kaluga, 2005.-23 s.
Bozhovich L.I. Lichnost' i ee formirovanie v detskom vozraste. SPb.: Piter, 2008. s. 322.
Bratus' B.S. Anomalii lichnosti. – M.: Mysl', 1988. – 301 s.
VasilyukF.E.Psikhotekhnika vybora / Psikhologiya s chelovecheskim litsom: gumanisticheskaya perspektiva v postsovetskoy psikhologii / Pod red. D.A. Leont'eva, V.G. Shchur. M.: Smysl, 1997. S. 284-314.
Vasilyuk F.E. Struktura obraza// Voprosy psikhologii. 1993. ¹ 5. S. 5-19.
Vygotskiy L.S. Sobranie sochineniy: V 6-ti t. T. 1. Voprosy teorii i istorii psikhologii / Pod red. A.R. Luriya, M.G. Yaroshevskogo. – M.: Pedagogika, 1982. – 488 s.
Vygotskiy, L.S. Sobranie sochineniy: V 6

Abstract: The article deals with the results of the study regarding gender features of forming a time perspective by boys and girls. The author conducts an analysis of identified statistical dependence, which confirms a hypothesis that the ways of formation of a time perspective have significant gender differences. Thus, the following differs - the time length on which boys and girls plan their future and the object of motivation they connect their future. The sample encompassed 1538 people from 14 years to 28 years, including 610 boys and 928 girls. The author applies J. Nutten's method of incomplete sentences as a research method. She carries out the statistical dependence of differences in responders' answers with the use of chi-square and contingency tables. The study defines that boys, generally, form their time perspectives within the range of one day, orienting towards themselves as the primary motivational objects of their future. On the contrary, girls do not use the range of one day and orient towards others while planning their future.

Keywords: future, adolescence, youth, youth development, time perspective, boys and girls, gender differences, gender, feminine features, masculine features

References:
Aleshina Yu.E., Volovich A.S. Problemy usvoeniya roley muzhchinoy i zhenshchinoy // Voprosy psikhologii. 1994. ¹4 S.74-82
Archer D. Polovye roli v detstve: struktura i razvitie // Detstvo ideal'noe i nastoyashchee. Sbornik rabot sovremennykh zapadnykh uchenykh. Novosibirsk: Sibirskiy khronograf. 1994. S. 199-211.
Belanovskaya O. V. Vremennaya perspektiva zhiznennykh planov v yunoshestve // Problemy sotsial'noy psikhologii lichnosti. Mezhvuzovskiy sbornik nauchnykh statey. Saratov: Izd-vo Sarat. un-ta, 2004. Vyp. 1. S. 78—88.
Vasil'eva N.P. Dinamika yunosheskogo vozrasta. Krasnoyarsk: Izdatel'stvo SFU, Federal'noe agentstvo po obrazovaniyu, Sibirskiy feder. un-t, In-t estestvennykh i gumanitarnykh nauk, 2007. 102 s.
Ginzburg M.R. Psikhologicheskoe soderzhanie lichnostnogo samoopredeleniya // Voprosy psikhologii. 1994. ¹3. S 43–52.
Kle M. Psikhologiya podrostka. Psikhoseksual'noe razvitie. M.: Pedagogika, 1991. 176 s.
Koltachuk E.V., Vachkov I.V. Gendernye osobennosti perezhivaniya neopredelennosti professional'nogo statusa v period vzroslosti

Abstract: The subject of this research is the correction of fears in the students of primary school by means of art therapy. The object of this research is the fears in children of primary school age. The author examines the manifestation of fears in primary school students. Special attention is given to delivering program for correction of fears in the children of primary school age using art therapeutic approach. The article demonstrates the differences between the conceptual categories of fear of the primary school students prior to and after carrying out the program of correction using the Fisher Criterion. The technique “Fears in the House” developed by A. I. Zakharova and M. A. Panfilova, which allows getting an idea on the manifestation of fears in primary school students prior to and after delivering a program of correction, is applied in the research. The author’s special contribution consist in the results of principal and repeated diagnosis confirming the expedience of implementation of the program of correction of fears in the primary school students by means of art therapy. The novelty of this research is defined by positive dynamics in development of emotional sphere, which is reflected in decreasing of anxiety and aggressiveness, development of creative potential and confidence in the children of primary school age.

Keywords: confidence, anxiety, art therapy conversation, correctional program, emotional sphere, primary school age, fears, social fears, aggressiveness, family

References:
Zakharov, A.I. Proiskhozhdenie i psikhoterapiya detskikh nevrozov / A.I. Zakharov. – SPb.: KARO, 2011. – 268 s.
Kalatskaya N.N. Detskie strakhi i sposoby ikh korrektsii u detey shkol'nogo vozrasta / N.N. Kalatskaya, V.F. Shigabieva // Vestnik NTsBZhD, 2011. − ¹ 2. − S. 44-47.
Kovalevskaya A.A. Psikhologicheskaya korrektsiya strakhov mladshikh shkol'nikov / A.A. Kovalevskaya // Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya, 2016. − ¹ 44. – S.75–81.
Varaksina A.V. Analiz programm korrektsii strakhov u mladshikh shkol'nikov sredstvami art–terapii / A.V. Varaksina // Molodoy uchenyy. – 2016. – ¹21. – S. 700-703.
Zakharov A.I. Dnevnye i nochnye strakhi u detey / A.I. Zakharov. – SPb.: Rech', 2010. – 320 s.
Akopyan L.S. Osobennosti preodolenie strakhov u detey mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta /L.S. Akopyan // Obrazovanie i samorazvitie, 2013. – ¹17. S . 214-218.
Konenko E.A. Osobennosti soderzhaniya strakhov u detey / E.A. Konenko // Molodoy uchenyy. – 2016. – ¹14. – S. 547-549.
Sarzhanova A.S. Detskie strakhi i puti ikh pre

Abstract: The goal of this research consists in studying the interconnection of parental attitudes and drivers with self-concept of teenagers. The subject of this research is the parental attitudes, drivers and self-concept of teenagers. The empirical object became the sampling of 50 teenagers (26 girls and 24 boys) aged between 13 and 15, as well as 60 parents (30 mothers and 30 fathers). The results of empirical research led to acquisition of scientific on the nature of interconnection of parental attitudes and drivers with self-concept of teenagers. For data processing was used the correlation analysis of C. Spearman and non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test.  The presented materials and conclusions enrich the scientific arsenal of the knowledge on teenagers and possibilities of rendering them psychological counseling in the aspect of personal development. The following conclusions were made: 1) partnership relations between fathers and children positively affect the formation of adequate self-concept in teenagers; 2) for teenage boys more significant are the attitudes of both parents, while for teenage girls are more important the attitudes of mothers; 3) internal instability of teenage girls, as well as manifestation of self-reflection and self-reproach are interrelated with the parental attitudes of demand; 4) the component of “reflected self-concept” of teenage boys mostly depends on the parenting of a mother, rather than a father; 5) excessive strictness of a father is positively associated with “self-acceptance:, while excessive strictness of a mother relates to “reflected self-concept”.

Keywords: self-incrimination, self-acceptance, self esteem, drivers, irrational attitudes, parent settings, teenager, self-relation, self-value, confidence

References:
Fel'dshteyn D. I. Psikhologiya razvitiya cheloveka kak lichnosti: v 2 t. M. 2005. 208 s.
Semenikhina N. I. Issledovanie vzaimosvyazi stilya roditel'skogo vospitaniya, i ego vospriyatiya podrostkom i urovnya ego samootsenki // Mezhdunarodnyy elektronnyy nauchn.zhur-l. 2015. ¹3(15). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/issledovanie-vzaimosvyazi-stilya-roditelskogo-vospitaniya-ego-vospriyatiya-podrostkom-i-urovnya-ego-samootsenki (data obrashcheniya 18.05.2019)
Sergeeva N. A., Kustova N. A. Lichnostnye kachestva i roditel'skie ustanovki materey, vospityvayushchikh detey s organichennymi vozmozhnostyami po sosotoyaniyu zdorov'ya // Lichnost' i obshchestvo: problemy vzaimodeystviya Materialy VII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. 2014. S. 182-184.
Petrova E. N. Sravnitel'nyy analiz roditel'skikh ustanovok u materey // Sub'ekt poznaniya, deyatel'nosti i obshcheniya v izmenyayushchemsya obshchestve. Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii studentov, magistrantov, aspirantov i molodykh uchennykh. 2015. S. 257-259.
Kuz'mina K. E. Det

Abstract: The matter under research is the theoretical model of sociocultural conditions of child's linguistic competence development in ontogenesis. The author of the article raises a question about the need to analyze the variety of factors that influence the development of child's speech and language and describe the conditions that are systemically important and created by biosociocultural factors. In particular, the author focuses on the social determination of the language development and offers relevant solutions using the collective subject concept offered by S. Rubinshtein and A. Zhuravlev. The author demonstrates that successful solution of the social determination issue is possible if the research is focused on the analysis of the language competence concept (as it was described by E. Bozhovich). In his research Chernov carries out meta-analysis of previous theoretical and empirical researches that outline approaches to solution of the aforesaid issue. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author views the problem from the point of view of general theoretical approaches and modern discoveries in such disciplines as psychogenetics, psychological of individual and group differences, social psychology, and psychological pedagogical practice of teaching language. The author's special contribution to the topic is that he suggests to view child's significant others (adults and children of his age) as the core condition of developing language competence. Chernov provides a description of the 'parent-child' relationship and its role in the development of child's language competence as well as describes methodological grounds for development of efficient 'teacher-school student' relationship. The research is substantiated with valid empirical data. 

Keywords: subjectivity, sociocultural conditions, speech, teacher, collective subject, zone of proximal development, child-parental relations, subject-activity approach, language, linguistic competence

References:
Bazylevich T. F., Kolyadina T. V. K individualizirovannym prediktoram rechevogo razvitiya doshkol'nika // Mir psikhologii. ¹ 4. 2007. S. 189-201.
Bozhovich E. D. Zona blizhayshego razvitiya: vozmozhnosti i ogranicheniya ee diagnostiki v usloviyakh kosvennogo sotrudnichestva // Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya. 2008. ¹ 4. S. 91-99.
Bozhovich E. D. Uchitelyu o yazykovoy kompetentsii shkol'nikov. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie aspekty yazykovogo obrazovaniya. M.: Izd-vo MPSI, Voronezh: NPO «Modek», 2002. 288 s.
Vygotskiy L. S. Obuchenie i razvitie v doshkol'nom vozraste / Izbr. psikhol. proizv. M.: Izd-vo APN RSFSR, 1956. S. 426-437.
Dontsov A. I., Dubovskaya E. M., Ulanovskaya I. M. Razrabotka kriteriev sovmestnoy deyatel'nosti // Voprosy psikhologii. 1998. ¹ 2. S. 61-71.
Zhuravlev A. L. Kollektivnyy sub'ekt: osnovnye priznaki, urovni i psikhologicheskie tipy // Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal. 2009. T. 30. ¹ 5. S. 72-80.
Zhuravlev A. L. Psikhologiya kollektivnogo sub'ekta / Psikhologiya individual'nogo i gruppovogo sub'ekta / Pod red. A. V. Brushlin

Abstract: The aim of the research to identify the relationship of indicators of openness / closeness of the psychological system with indicators of the quality of life in the elderly with the experience of gerontological violence. Special attention is paid to identifying the indicators of openness / closeness of the psychological system as a mediator factor in the quality of life in people with experience of gerontological violence. The authors assume that the experience of various types of gerontological violence may be associated with a deterioration in the quality of life of older people, where the indicator of openness / closeness of the psychological system can act as a mediating factor. The following diagnostic tools were used: a questionnaire aimed at studying the psychological content of experiencing gerontological violence; questionnaire degree of openness / closeness of the psychological system adapted for the research task; questionnaire quality of life SF-36. Research methodology: system approach in psychology, system anthropological psychology, trans-perspective analysis. The total number of respondents was 277 people aged 55 to 85 years. Based on the obtained empirical data, three types of persons with the experience of gerontological violence can be distinguished, where the nature and degree of openness of the psychological system is connected with the possibilities of coping with the experience of gerontological violence and the quality of life of the elderly. The obtained types of closedness / openness of the psychological system can be included in the targets of differentiated psychological prevention of gerontological violence and crisis psychological assistance of the elderly people. 

Keywords: economic violence, physical violence, psychological violence, physical component of health, psychological component of health, subjective quality of life, gerontological violence, neglect, elderly people, self-regulation

References:
Yon, Y., Mikton, C., Gassoumis, Z. and Wilber, K. Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 2017. 5 (2). P. 147-156.
Ware, J. E. Interpreting SF36 summary health measures: a response / J. E. Ware, M. Kosinski // Quality of life research.  – 2001. – Vol. 10, ¹ 5. – P. 405-413.
Proshchaev K.I., Gorelik S.G., Pritchina A.I. Kachestvo zhizni patsientov starcheskogo vozrasta // Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy.-2013. ¹1. http://medtsu.tula.ru/VNMT/Bulletin/E2013-1/4206.pdf
Puchkov P.V. Kontseptual'nye osnovaniya preventsii gerontologicheskogo nasiliya v sovremennom Rossiyskom obshchestve: avtoref. diss. …d-ra. sotsiol. nauk. Samara, 2009. 15 s.
Slanova A.Yu. Nasilie v sem'e kak sotsial'naya problema v sovremennoy Rossii // Diskussiya. 2015. ¹10 (62). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nasilie-v-semie-kak-sotsialnaya-problema-v-sovremennoy-rossii (data obrashcheniya: 05.10.2018).
Ti

Abstract: This article is devoted to the problem of operationalization of aging. In connection with the improvement of the conditions of life of an individual, respectively, with increasing life expectancy, it is necessary to reconsider the understanding of the process of human aging. The necessity of formulating a new and precise definition, appropriate to modern realities. Existing definitions on this phenomenon emphasize certain of its aspects (biological, social and psychological) or consider it as a sum of three components. The article presents the main characteristics of each component. Despite the fact that the biological signs of aging begin to appear in the period of middle adulthood, they become most pronounced in late adulthood. Therefore, social and psychological aging mainly associated with this period. The methodological basis was the theory of E. H. Erikson: personality in its development goes through certain stages in connection with the influence of the tasks set before her by society. We support the idea that the operationalization of aging of the individual is necessary to consider three elements (biological, social and psychological). However, we have come to the conclusion that society plays a decisive and crucial in the biological component of aging and patterns of human behavior to changes occurring in its body, and in the social sphere.

Keywords: attitude towards elderly, social aging, late adulthood, longevity, signs of biological aging, biological aging, human aging, psychological aging, adaptation to aging, the problem of understanding aging

References:
Freydzher R., Feydimen D. Lichnost'. Teorii, uprazhneniya, eksperimenty / Per. s angl. SPb.: praym-EVROZNAK, 2004. 608 s.
Erikson, E.H., Erikson, J.M., Kivnick, H.Q. Vinal involvement in old age. NewYork: Norton. 1986.
Furmanov, I. A. Kak gody menyayut kharakter. Nauka i innovatsii. 2009. ¹8(78) [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://innosfera.by/node/512 (data obrashcheniya: 02.09.2017).
Chuykova, T.S., Pol'kina, T.M. Izuchenie sotsial'nykh reprezentatsiy, svyazannykh s vykhodom na pensiyu: kross-kul'turnoe sravnenie // Sotsial'naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo. 2012. ¹3. S. 89–102.
Shapiro, V.D. Chelovek na pensii: sotsial'nye problemy i obraz zhizni // Psikhologiya razvitiya : khrestomatiya ; pod. red. A.K. Bolotova, O.N. Molchanova. Moskva :CheRo : Omega-L, 2005. S. 458–465.
Levi, T.S. Otnoshenie k telu v strukture samootnosheniya // Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie. 2008. ¹ 3. S. 72–75.
Paynz, D. Bessoznatel'noe ispol'zovanie svoego tela zhenshchinoy: psikhoanaliticheskiy podkhod ; per. s angl. E.I. Zamfir. SPb.: Vost.-evrop. in-t psikhoanaliza, 1

Abstract: The article is devoted to the results of analyzing dynamic changes in the structure of students' self-attitude. The research is based on the longitudinal study. The self-attitude structure includes non-variable and variable parameters of self-attitude. The author of the article analyzes changes in self-attitude parameters of the first-, second-, third- and forth-year university students. The aim of the research is to define non-variable and variable parameters in students' self-attitude structure at different stages of their university life. The object of the research is students' self-attitude. The subject of the research is variable and non-variable parameters of students' personal self-attitude parameters at different stages of their university studies. The methodology of the research includes L. Vygotsky's cultural historical approach, V. Klochko's and O. Krasnoryadtsev's systems approach, S. Pantileev's and V. Stolin's concept of self-attitude as well as S. Pantileev's and V. Stolin's Self-Attitude Inventory. The methods of mathematical statistical analysis include analysis of variance (ANOVA). Obtained data was processed using a statistical data software SPSS 17.00. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author demonstrates the correlation of variable and non-variable parameters in students' self-attitude structure. The main conclusions made by the author are as follows. In the course of university studies when a student starts a new year at a university, such self-attitude parameters as self-guidance, self-accusation, self-understanding change, meanwhile such self-attitude parameters as integral self-attitude, authosympathy, and self-interest reman the same, i.e. can be considered unchangeable (non-variable) parameters. 

Keywords: personality, self-attitude structure, change, education, development, student, self-attitude, self-attitude dynamics, self-attitude parameters, self-realization

References:
Berns, R. Razvitie Ya-kontseptsii i vospitanie [Tekst] / R. Berns. – M.: Progress, 1986. – 422 s.
Lesnykh, L.L. Dinamika formirovaniya samootnosheniya lichnosti pedagogov-psikhologov v protsesse professional'noy podgotovki [Tekst] : Dis. ... kand. ped. nauk : 13.00.08/L.L. Lesnykh.-Kaliningrad, 2005 181 c.
Kuz'mina, A.S Tsennostnye orientatsii sudebnykh pristavov-ispolniteley [Tekst] / A.S Kuz'mina // Izvestiya Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta.-2014.-N2(2). – S.33-37.
Kolyshko, A.M. Psikhologiya samootnosheniya: Ucheb. Posobie [Tekst] /A.M.Kolyshko.-Grodno: GrGU, 2004.-102 s.
Kuli, Ch. Sotsiologicheskaya teoriya i sotsial'noe issledovanie [Tekst] / Ch.Kuli .-1930.
Mid, Dzh. G. Izbrannoe: Sb. perevodov [Tekst]/Dzh. G. Mid // RAN. INION. Tsentr sotsial. nauchn.-inform. issledovaniy. Otd. sotsiologii i sotsial. psikhologii. — M., 2009. — 290 s.
Pantileev, S.R. Metodika issledovaniya samootnosheniya [Tekst]/ S.R. Pantileev.-M.:MGU, 1993.-112s.
Pantileev, S.R. Samootnoshenie kak emotsional'no-otsenochnaya sistema[Tekst]/ S.R. P

Abstract: The author examines the approach to forming non-contextual thinking (its metacognitive characteristics), making it possible to influence the change in the level of social and psychological health of teachers. The subject of this research is metacognition characteristics of non-contextual professional thinking. The target group consisted of school staff and pre-school institutions staff involved in the project promoting social and psychological health of teachers (Yaroslavl). Testing the course (aiming at formation of components of non-contextual thinking in the field of social-psychological health) lasted for five years and took place in more than 20 different educational institutions of Yaroslavl. More than 1,500 teachers took part in the training. Research involved two stages: first came empirical study of metacognition characteristics of non-contextual thinking and the study of the level of social-psychological health of teachers. Next, the formative pedagogical experiment was done. The results were processed (math-and-stats). The author concluded that, the self realization of non-contextual thinking is characterized by the commitment to social and psychological health promotion. The author also founded that the formative psychological and pedagogical experiment could actually influence the development of metacognitive components of non-contextual thinking (in particular, such components as active involvement, reformative position in the process of problem solving, and search for constructive solution). 

Keywords: problematic communicative situations, professional thinking, metacognition, forcasting, training, social and psychological health, non-contextual thinking, contextual thinking, professional development, socionomy type jobs

References:
Akmeologiya. Uchebnik / Pod obshchey redaktsiey A.A. Derkacha – M.: RAGS, 2004. 299 s.
Adler A. Ponyat' prirodu cheloveka. SPb....M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 1997. 256 s.
Anan'ev V.A. Osnovy psikhologii zdorov'ya. Kniga 1. Kontseptual'nye osnovy psikhologii zdorov'ya. SPb.: 2006. 384s.
Bratus', B.S. K izucheniyu smyslovoy sfery lichnosti // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 14. Psikhologiya. 1981. ¹ 2. S. 46–56.
Kalakov N.I., Skotnikova A.V., Zharkova G.A., Khrykanov E.N. Podkhody k razrabotke situatsionno-prognosticheskikh zadach na mezhdistsiplinarnoy osnove// Sportivnyy psikholog, 2014. ¹ 4 (35). S.77–82.
Karpov A.V. Psikhologiya soznaniya. Metasistemnyy podkhod. M.: RAO, 2011. 1087 s.
Kashapov M.M. Tvorcheskoe professional'noe myshlenie kak metapoznavatel'naya kharakteristika prepodavatelya // Razvitie psikhologii v sisteme kompleksnogo chelovekoznaniya. Chast' 2. / Otv. red. A.L. Zhuravlev, V.A. Kol'tsova. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Institut psikhologii RAN». 2012. S. 506–509.
Kashapov M.M., Serafimovich I.V., Ogorodova T.V. Metakognit

Abstract: The authors of the present research analyze the image of the future developed by teenagers from families with different social statuses. The authors provide a general insight into specific perception of the image of future by teenagers coming from socially maladjusted families. Based on the analysis of their perceptions, the authors predict whether kids will be successful or not as adults. The subject of the research is the features of the image of the future demonstrated by teenagers from maladjusted families. The object of the research is the process and conditions for developing such an image by teenagers. The research methods used by the authors included the Draw-A-Person Test when a person is made up out of geometrical shapes and a structured interview 'Complete a sentence' The main conclusion of the research is that teenagers from socially maladjusted families do not have a clear image of their future. The authors' contribution to the topic is that they define specific features of the image of maladjusted teenagers. These include positive prospects without depicting particular means to achieve these goals. 

Keywords: unfinished incomplete sentences, self-identification, ideographic test, maladaptive behavior, deviant teenagers, psychological time, life plan, image of the future, socially maladjusted families, to imagine future

References:
Zeygarnik, B.V. Teoriya lichnosti K. Levina / B.V. Zeygarnik. – M.: MGU, 1981. – 118 s.
Kaprara Dzh. Psikhologiya lichnosti. – SPb: Piter, 2003. – 640 s.
Zagurskiy K. Zhiznennyy tsikl i drugie determinanty sub'ektivnogo blagopoluchiya / Sotsiologiya: teoriya, metody, marketing. – 1999. – No 3. – S. 176–202.
Golovakha, E.I. Zhiznennaya perspektiva i professional'noe samoopredelenie molodezhi. Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1988. – 144 s.
Bratchenko S.L., Mironova M.R. Lichnostnyy rost i ego kriterii / Psikhologicheskie problemy samorealizatsii lichnosti. – SPb., 1997. – S. 38–46.
Berns R., Razvitie Ya-kontseptsii i vospitanie/Per. s angl.-M.: "Progress", 2004. S.30-66.
Bandura A. Podrostkovaya agressiya: izuchenie vliyaniya vospitaniya i semeynykh otnosheniy / A. Bandura; per. s angl. Yu. Bryantsevoy, B. Krasovskogo. M.: Aprel' Press: EKSMO-Press, 2000. - 508 s.
Kon I.S. Psikhologiya ranney yunosti: Kn. dlya uchitelya.-M.: Prosveshchenie, 1989.-256 s.
Kulikov L.V. Psikhogigiena lichnosti: voprosy psikhologicheskoy ustoychivosti i psikhoprofilakti

Abstract: The subject of research is the cognitive component of self-identity in adolescence. The author examines such topics as the concept of "self-identity", the structure of self-identity, the age range of adolescence, the factors that influence the formation of the cognitive component of self-identity in adolescence (relations with the reference groups, mental development, various types of activity). Particular attention is paid to the content of the cognitive component of the self-identity in adolescence, the author points to the correlation of cognitive self-identity component with cognitive sphere of personality. Methods of research are theoretical analysis and synthesis of literature on self-identity (cognitive component), the peculiarities of adolescence. The main conclusions of this research are the positions under which the period of adolescence is described by the sensitive to the cognitive component of self-identity. Causes of the sensitivity are peculiarities of the personality development and the external conditions. Personal and professional self-determination is expressed in changing self-understanding (the cognitive component of self-identity).

Keywords: personal self-determination, self-image, structure of self-identity, educational and professional activity, cognitive sphere of personality, adolescence, cognitive component, self-identity, professional self-determination, personal development

References:
Aleksandrova Yu. V. Vozrastnaya psikhologiya. M.: Sovremennyy gumanitarnyy universitet, 1999. 66 s.
Kaygorodov B. V. Psikhologicheskie usloviya sotsial'nogo stanovleniya i razvitiya lichnosti rastushchego cheloveka: Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. / Pod nauch. red. D-ra psikhol. Nauk B. V. Kaygorodova, prof., akademika Mezhdunarodnoy akademii nauk pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya V. A. Pyatina. Astrakhan': Izd-vo Astrakhanskogo gos. Ped. Un-ta, 2000. 21 s.
Kamenskaya E. N. Psikhologiya razvitiya i vozrastnaya psikhologiya. Rostov n/D: Feniks, 2006. 224 s.
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Kon I. S. Otkrytie «Ya» M.: Politizdat, 1978. 367 s.
Kon I. S. Psikhologiya ranney yunosti: Kn. Dlya uchitelya. M.: Prosveshchenie, 1989. 255 s.
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Kulagina I. Yu., Kolyutskiy V. N. Vozrastnaya psikhologiya: Polnyy zhiznennyy tsikl razvitiya cheloveka. M.: TTs «Sfera», 2001. 464 s.
Morosanova V. I., Aronova E. A. Samosoznanie i samoregulyatsiya povedeniya. M.: Izd-v

Abstract: Based on the review of the latest empirical researches, the authors of the present article examine and specify the role and importance of the parents' treatment of teenagers in the development of teenager's basic mental formations and solution of the most important psychological goals of their age. When describing substantial features of the aforesaid stage of human ontogenesis, special attention is paid to the subjective feeling of loneliness experienced by a teenager. The emphasis is made on contradictory interpretations of this phenomenon in modern academic literature. The authors provide a theoretical basis of their empirical research. The research involves 56 school students (teenagers). The authors analyze the relationship between their subjective experience of loneliness, their mother's and father's treatment and the quality of their social-psychological adjustment. The authors have used such methods of psychological diagnostics as: The Subjective Loneliness Scale by S. V. Dukhnovsky, Teenagers about Parents of E. Shafer as adapted by L. I. Vasserman, I. A. Gorkovsky and E. E. Romitsyn, and The Test of Social-Psychological Adjustment by C. Rogers-R. Diamond adapted by T.V. Snegireva. The main conclusions of the research: the subjective feeling of loneliness experienced by a teenager within the average values is normal and caused by teenager's reflection processes and age; the mother's treatment of a teenager conditions the relationship between a teenager's subjective experience of loneliness and the quality of his or her social-psychological adjustment; the subjective feeling of loneliness experienced by a teenager correlates to his or her mother's Hostility and Inconsistency; and the quality of social-psychological adjustment of a teenager correlates to his or her mother's Directivity and Positive Interest. The research results allow to define goals for further research in order to find out whether it is possible to use the subjective feeling of loneliness experienced by a teenager as an indicator of his or her psychological problems and risks of deviant behavior providing that qualitative and quantitative characteristics of his or her feeling of loneliness have been clarified in terms of their relationship with the social situation where a teenager grows. 

Keywords: teenager reflection, father's treatment profile, mother's treatment profile, deviant behavior indicator, risk of deviant behavior, teenager, adjustability, social-psychological adjustment, subjective feeling of loneliness, mother's treatment

References:
Maksimov L.V. Chto takoe moral': problema opredeleniya // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2012. ¹ 10. C. 115 - 126.
Lyashenko V.V. Perezhivanie i ego kachestvennaya opredelennost' // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. 2016. ¹ 1. C. 64 - 72. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2016.1.17463.
Afanas'eva E.D. Chuvstvitel'nost' k potrebnostyam rebenka v sisteme psikhologicheskoy adaptatsii VICh - polozhitel'nykh zhenshchin k materinstvu // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. 2011. ¹ 12. C. 59 - 72.
Khozyainova T.K., Ktenidu M.D. Tip otnosheniya roditeley k detyam kak uslovie podderzhki privatnosti podrostka // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. 2010. ¹ 5. S. 150-152
Cheprakova E.A. Vliyanie stilya roditel'skogo vospitaniya na razvitie agressivnogo povedeniya u podrostkov // Kul'turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya. 2011. ¹ 2. S. 84-93.
Chvyakin V.A. Administrativnaya deliktnost' nesovershennoletnikh // Administrativnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo. 2015. ¹ 5. C. 449 - 454. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2807.2015.5.15104.
Umanskaya E.G. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti pe

Abstract: Object of research is cognitive readiness for professional self-determination of orphan teenagers, teenagers with deviant behavior and teenagers with endowments signs. Work is directed to theoretical and empirical justification of need of the differentiated approach to development of cognitive readiness for professional self-determination of teenagers with special social situations of development. The importance and the maintenance of cognitive readiness in structure of psychological readiness for professional self-determination is defined. The works of psychologists allowing to reveal content of cognitive readiness for professional self-determination of orphan teenagers, teenagers with deviant behavior and teenagers with endowments signs are analyzed. The negative features of cognitive development of orphan teenagers and teenagers with deviant behavior leading to inadequate idea of teenagers of world around, relations of people, the world of professions, inadequate idea of the opportunities, capabilities, skills necessary for successful professional activity, not sensibleness of the professional choice come to light. The high cognitive potential of teenagers with endowments signs promoting successful professional self-determination is noted. Results of own empirical research conducted based on educational institutions of the Republic of Mari El of different type are provided. Research had comparative character. Selection was constituted by three primary groups of examinees (the teenagers who are trained in special educational institutions) and group of comparison (pupils of comprehensive school). Methods of testing and questioning were applied to detection of specifics of cognitive readiness of teenagers for professional self-determination. Handling of results was performed with use of methods of mathematical statistics. Results of empirical research confirm data of the theoretical analysis on differences in formation of cognitive readiness for professional self-determination of teenagers with different social situations of development and reveal earlier not studied high-quality specificity of cognitive readiness of the researched groups of teenagers, first of all, on indicators of a sinergichnost, creativity, informative requirements and self-understanding. Based on the received results the conclusion about need of the differentiated approach to the organization of psychology and pedagogical maintenance of forming of cognitive readiness for professional self-determination of teenagers with different social situations of development and development of special technologies of psychological maintenance of professional self-determination of these categories of teenagers is drawn. What will increase success of their professional self-determination and professional formation.

Keywords: teenagers orphans, teens, cognitive readiness, social situation of development, professional self-determination, self-determination, psychology, deviant adolescents, gifted adolescents, psychological diagnostics

References:
Tsar'kova L.V. Razvitie professional'nogo samosoznaniya osuzhdennykh nesovershennoletnikh delinkventov // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2012. ¹ 4(43). S. 84-91.
Tsubina T.V. Voprosy sotsial'no-pedagogicheskogo soprovozhdeniya v professional'nom samoopredelenii podrostkov s deviantnym povedeniem // Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta. 2009. ¹ 9(55). S. 104-108.
Yurkevich V.S. Odarennyy rebenok. Illyuzii i real'nost'. M.: Prosveshchenie; Uchebnaya literatura, 1996. S. 65.
Khaymina A.G. Professional'noe samoopredelenie vospitannikov detskikh domov i shkol-internatov: Dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk. Yaroslavl': YaGPU im. K.D. Ushinskogo, 2006. 213 s.
Radina N.K. K voprosu o trudnostyakh professional'noy sotsializatsii vypusknikov detskikh domov i internatov // Zhurnal prikladnoy psikhologii. 2005. ¹ 4. S. 50-55.
Savinykh V.L. Professional'noe samoopredelenie podrostkov gruppy riska. Kurgan: Zaural'e, 2000. 332 s.
Toisteva O.S. Professional'noe samoopredelenie podrostkov s deviantnym povedeniem // Narodnoe obrazovanie. 2010.

Abstract: The article reports the results of validation the measure successful aging image in the students. The authors identified 6 subscales of the questionnaire: "Health", "Wealth", "Social interactions", "The time perspective", "Job and Hobby", "Personal growth and Positive emotions". Cronbach's alpha score (0.908) indicates an internal consistency of the test items. Structural equation modeling showed that respondents valued the successful aging components such as job and hobbies, social interaction and health. The lowest value for the students is financial well-being. Factor analysis revealed 6 factors which include activity and optimism, self-esteem and self-sufficiency, search for opportunities, self-education and quality of life, sense of purpose and pleasure of communicating. The next step will be to assess test-retest reliability and normalization the method in the various samples. Overall, the results indicate the reliability of the test and create the prospects for its further standardization.

Keywords: psychological assessment, juvenescence, image of the future, successful aging, positive psychology, developmental psychology, gerontopsychology, questionnaire, structural equation modeling, factor analysis

References:
Al'mukanov K.G. Blagopoluchnoe starenie: retrospektivnyy analiz i sovremennoe sostoyanie // Fundamental'nye issledovaniya.-2014.-¹ 8-1.-S. 212-216.
Gwee Xinyi. Ageing Well: Studies of its Global and Multidomain and Construct Among Multi-ethnic Singaporean Seniors. Doctoral Thesis.-Singapore, 2013.
Flood M. Successful aging: a concept analysis // Journal of Theory Construction & Testing.-2002.-¹ 6 (2).-R. 105–108.
Birren J.E., Schroots J.J.F. The history of Geropsychology. In J.E. Birren & K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging.-San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2001.-P. 3-28.
Weaver J.W. Gerontology education: a new paradigm for the 21st century // Educational Gerontology. – 1999. – ¹ 25. – P. 479-490.
Baltes M.M., Lang F.R. Everyday functioning and successful aging: The impact of resources // Psychology and Aging.-1997.-¹ 12 (3). – P. 433-443.
Baltes M.M. Aging well and institutional living a paradox? In R.P., Abeles, H.C., Gift, M.G., Ory, (Eds.). Aging and Quality of Life. New

Abstract: As outline of research the relation of "nature", traditional for the subject "developments" (in this case the child's nature) and "cultures" acts (as to it the traditional and external improving beginning). Under "development" the new ontologic base based on unusual interpretation of a phenomenon of emotions is brought. The last on the basis of phylogenetic reconstruction are treated as certain "settings" (moods) allowing to subordinate spontaneous reaction of a community of its manifestations (to bring unity of motives under similar manifestations). The emotional reaction (distinguished ò.î. from affective) takes shape of cultural reaction in game (in a phylogeny - within "sacred game"). In game, ò.î." true spontaneity" (transcendence) is opposed to a community of reactions (transcendental and esthetic settings), playing including accents of "spontaneity" and "rules". Without having special respect for theories of reconciliation, the author sees known methodological potential in comparison the logician filo-and ontogenesis, identification of those "beginnings" which scoop the bases in "nature" (instincts), but instincts unusual (initiating spontaneous reactions), unusually used (provoking reactions collective) and unusually (randomly) initiated. The view of the nature of game is reconsidered in the light of the new anthropological model developed by the author. The accepted dichotomy "the nature - culture", traditionally prevailing over understanding, is replaced new within which the "nature" presented by instincts reflexive is opposed to "nature" of spontaneous reactions. In such communication "the nature – the culture" is opposed to a paradigm a paradigm "spontaneity (cultural conditions of its generation and support) – (natural and cultural) conditionality".

Keywords:

References:
El'konin D.B. Psikhologiya igry. — M.: Vlados., 1999. – 366 s. Prilozhenie. Iz zapisok-konspekta L.S. Vygotskogo k lektsiyam po psikhologii detey doshkol'nogo vozrasta.
El'konin D.B. Izbrannye psikhologicheskie trudy. – M.: Pedagogika, 1989. – 560 s.
Shtern V. "Psikhologiya rannego detstva do shesti let". Petrograd, 1915.
Tokarev S.A. Rannie formy religii. – M.: Politizdat, 1990. – 622 s.
Semenov Yu.I. Kak vozniklo chelovechestvo. – M.: Nauka, 1966. – 576 s.
Rubinshteyn S.L. Osnovy obshchey psikhologii. — M.: Uchpedgiz. – 1946.
Spektor D.M. Vlast' vremeni. – M.: Sotsial'nyy proekt, 2009. – 557 s.
Moss M. Sotsial'nye funktsii svyashchennogo. – Sankt-Peterburg: EVRAZIYa, 2000. – 448 s.
Yung K.G. Eon. Issledovanie o simvolike samosti. – M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2009. – 340 s.

Abstract: The idea of communicative culture developed in business psychology extends on the general psychology. In article the model of development of communicative culture at preschool age is developed. Methodologically the author relies on the cultural and historical psychology assuming development of the personality by overcoming of the age crises connected with transition of the child from one social environment in another. Also the author is guided by the concept of emotional safety of the educational environment approving need of creation of the safe environment in which at the child the main components of communicative culture allowing to establish the new optimum relations of the child with the world of adults, the contemporaries and younger will be created. In article stages of development of communicative culture of the preschool child at an age stage from 3 to 7 years are described. 2 main stages are considered, the first corresponds to crisis of three years, the second – to crisis is seven years and the intermediate period corresponding to age of five years. Traditional components of communicative culture are allocated: cognitive, motivational, behavioural and emotional and strong-willed. Specifics of development of each of components at the first and second stage formation of communicative culture are considered.

Keywords: psychology, communication culture, personality, personality of a preschooler, educational environment, emotional safety, preschool age, age crisis, I myself, school abilities

References:
Berezina T.N. Veroyatnostnaya model' prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. ¹ 4. S. 390-400.
Berezina T.N. Vzaimosvyaz' bazovykh zapakhov i bazovykh emotsiy // Voprosy psikhologii. 2012. ¹ 4. S. 106-116.
Berezina T.N. Ponimanie kak svyaz' slova i obraza (v aspekte psikhicheskikh obrazov vysshikh poryadkov) // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. ¹ 6. S. 546-555.
Berezina T.N. Nadsoznatel'noe kak obrazovanie vysshego poryadka // Mir psikhologii. 2014. ¹ 1. S. 240-253.
Berezina T.N. Ob emotsional'noy bezopasnosti obrazovatel'noy sredy // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 897-902.
Berezina T.N. Emotsional'naya bezopasnost' obrazovatel'noy sredy i podlinnye emotsii // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologicheskie nauki. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 16-22.
Berezina T.N. Emotsional'naya bezopasnost' obrazovatel'noy sredy i ee vliyanie na sub'ektivnoe sostoyanie zdorov'ya u studentov // Alma mater (Vestnik vysshey shkoly). 2014. ¹ 2. S. 36-40.
Berezina T.N., Balan I.S. Sravnit

Abstract: Object of research: research of features of family factors, features of deviant behavior of the teenagers who are in various contexts of a social situation of development (various on relationship and family functions, in the conditions of training at open schools of specialized type.It is possible to carry to family factors: unity, flexibility, satisfaction with marriage, interaction with the teenager, deviant behavior of teenagers to which can be carried: aggression, uneasiness, interaction with parents, and also low unity and flexibility of family system the teenager's eyes.Research methods:1. A questionnaire for interaction of parents with I. Markovskaya's children (option for teenagers and their parents).2. Diagnostics of unity and flexibility of family system D. Olson. (option for teenagers and their parents).3. Questionnaire of diagnostics of tendency to A. Bass and M. Perry's aggression.4. Scale of personal uneasiness A.M. Prikhozhan.5. Questionnaire of satisfaction with marriage V. V. Stolin.
Comparison of two cultures always represents scientific interest. Features family, child – parental relations and psychological features of modern teenagers in the Russian and Uzbek culture, are very various.In the work we will try to understand as far as these distinctions influence a deviation in behavior at teenagers and whether influence in general. Conclusions: proceeding from the received results, it is possible to say that are made by us early hypotheses were confirmed, namely:General hypothesis: There is a communication between family relationship and features of education, and also unity and flexibility of family system, and such violations of behavior of teenagers and their features as: aggression, uneasiness, low socially - psychological adaptation, inadequate perception of the family relations and communications.Private hypotheses:1. Among the teenagers who are trained in specialized institutions in comparison with teenagers from mass schools with conditionally normal behavior, all types of aggressive behavior (physical aggression, anger, hostility), high uneasiness (school uneasiness, interpersonal uneasiness, self-estimated uneasiness, magic uneasiness) meet more often, for the first are characteristic more psychogenic situation of relationship in a family (both the teenager's eyes, and eyes of parents), special perception of conditions of family system (unity, flexibility).2. Psychological features of deviant teenagers from open schools (specialized) and the teenagers who are trained at mass schools in the city of Moscow and the city of Tashkent differ.3. Features of a family situation in families of teenagers from usual comprehensive schools of Moscow and Tashkent are various and are characterized by various profiles of educational competences of parents and various psychological features of teenagers.4. There is a communication between manifestations of deviant behavior at teenagers from specialized schools with a number of parental dysfunctions: an emotional distance, rejection, inconsistency, lack of cooperation, a dissatisfaction with marriage between spouses.

Keywords:

References:
Varga A. Ya. Vvedenie v sistemnuyu semeynuyu psikhoterapiyu, 2005 g.
Zmanovskaya E.V. Deviantologiya. Psikhologiya otklonyayushchegosya povedeniya. M., 2003 g. s.145.
Kleyberg Yu.A. Psikhologiya deviantnogo povedeniya.-M., 2001.
Kon I.S. Psikhologiya ranney yunosti.-M., 1989. s. 226.
Liders A.G. Psikhologicheskoe obsledovanie sem'i. M., 2008. s. 423.
Liders A.G., Kulikova E.F., Mineeva O.A., Baranova T.S. Rabota pedagogicheskogo kollektiva spetsshkoly otkrytogo tipa s sem'ey trudnogo podrostka// Sem'ya v Rossii. 2008.-¹ 1.-s. 55-63
Liders A.G., Kataev A.V. Issledovanie predstavleniy ob osobennostyakh roditel'skogo vospitaniya «Glazami podrostka» i «Glazami roditelya»// Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, t. 14. 2012.-¹2(2).-s. 382-389 .
Mineeva O.A., Liders A.G. Metodologicheskie osnovy issledovaniya predstavleniy o sem'e//Teoreticheskaya i eksperimental'naya psikhologiya.t.4. 2011. – ¹2.-s. 71-87.
Semenyuk L.M. Psikhologicheskie osobennosti agressivnogo povedeniya podrostkov i usloviya ego korrektsii. M

Abstract: Features of development of children in the conditions of a deprivation. Communication of experiences of emotional deficiency and reaction to inanimate objects. Toy as the object showing features of intellectual, emotional, personal development. Stages of development of reaction to a toy at the children who are bringing up in a family and children from orphanage: early stages (visualization, touch) and the differentiated behavior. Difficulties of development of interaction with a toy at babies from orphanage. Communication of a deprivational situation of development and violation of balance of comfort discomfort. That will disorganize the Ego of the child and promotes regress development. Shortage of maternal care is directly connected with violation of game activity of babies of orphanage. Theoretical analysis of psychoanalytic views of a problem of a deprivation J. Boulbi, R. Shpits, A. Freud, S. Provens, M. Mahler, etc. The object relations play the central role in development of the child. Not acceptance of the child, rejection, separation (loss) from mother is psychologically considered as the trauma, the generating sharp experience of a grief remaining during the long period of time. The situation of loss can be presented as intervention to development of the child. Intervention leads to an arrest of development, its distortion and desintegrates as a whole the identity of the child. The child who has transferred a mental deprivation, gets to group of risk of children with possibility of development of mental and somatic violations. Shortage of the corresponding balance between experiences of discomfort and comfort interferes with establishment of traces of memory of object and its constant êàòåêñèñà. Because of insufficient êàòåêñèñà human object, shift to inanimate objects that acts as effects of a deprivation is broken, can be observed in children's game of children.

Keywords: psychology, deprivation, separation, trauma, disadaptation, hospitalism, object, cathexis, discomfort, satisfaction

References:
Hartmann H. (1939) Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation New York: International Universities Press, 1958.
Hoffer W. (1949) Mouth, Hand and Ego-Integration. // Psychoanal. Study Child. III/IV.
Hoffer W. (1950) Development of the Body Image. // Psychoanal. Study Child. V.
Piaget J. (1936) The Origins of Intelligence in Children New York: International Universities Press, 1952.
Provence S. and Ritvo S. Effects of Deprivation on Institutionalized Infants—Disturbances in Development of Relationship to Inanimate Objects. // Psychoanal. Study Child. 1961. Vol. 16. P. 189-205.
Boulbi Dzh. Gnev, trevoga i privyazannost' // Psikhoanaliticheskie kontseptsii agressivnosti: Teksty. V 2 kn. Izhevsk: Izdatel'skiy dom «Udmurtskiy universitet», 2004. Kn. 2. S. 285-305.
Boulbi Dzh. Detyam-lyubov' i zabotu II Lishennye roditel'skogo popechitel'stva: Khrestomatiya. M.: Prosveshchenie, 1991. S. 144-154.
Boulbi Dzh:. Privyazannost' / Per. s angl. M.: Gardariki, 2003. 477 s.
Vinnikott D.V. Igra i real'nost'. M.: Instit

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of play as the leading activity of a child. The author proves that for a child, play activity is a full life with successes and failures. Failures make the play experience even more important because they guarantee personal development and socialization and create a foundation for future social features such as altruism, ability to ask for help and help out himself. 
The author of the article recommends not to interfere with the child's play as lmuch as possible, even in case of conflicts. Child's playing is full of true emotions, joy, delight and amazement. All these emotions allow not only to use the play for up-bringing and personal development of a child but also for psychological assistance of emotional difficulties and prevention of psychosomatic disorders. Noteworthy that the child's play is mostly social and therefore we can actually define what kind of relations a child has with th eother chidlren when we observe them play. The range of emotions experienced by children when playing games is very wide, from absolute indifference to the desire to support and retain social contacts outside the game. The author underlines that the most important task for an adult is to arrange for the best play environment in order to avoid negative emotions and aggression. 

Keywords: role-playing game, range of emotions, play activity, construction play, emotional development, story games, up-bringing, all-round development, collectables, mutual understanding

References:
Berezina T.N. Razvitie sposobnostey kak gumanisticheskaya sostavlyayushchaya obrazovaniya. // Alma mater (Vestnik vysshey shkoly). 2009. ¹ 7. S. 19-25.
Berezina T.N. Al'truisticheskoe povedenie i uspekh v zhizni. // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2011. ¹
S. 67-76. 3. Berezina T.N. Vospitanie dobra kak psikhologo-pedagogicheskaya problema vysshey shkoly. // Alma mater (Vestnik vysshey shkoly). 2013. ¹ 2. S. 62-66.
Berezina T.N. Ob emotsional'noy bezopasnosti obrazovatel'noy sredy. // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 897-902.
Berezina T.N. Emotsional'naya bezopasnost' obrazovatel'noy sredy i podlinnye emotsii. // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologicheskie nauki. 2013. ¹ 3. S. 16-22.
Vorotilina A.A. Obraznaya regulyatsiya trevozhnosti studentov(analiz treninga) // NB: Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika. — 2013.-¹ 6.-S.45-65.
Vygotskiy L.S. Voprosy detskoy psikhologii / L.S. Vygotskiy.-Sankt-Peterburg: Soyuz, 2006. S. 112.
Zvorygina E.V. Pervye syuzhetnye igry malyshey.-M.: Raduga, 1988. S

Abstract: The author of the article views the role of the personality factor (along with the factors of the genetic background and environment) that defines the individual length of life based on the example of the life path of famous monozygous twins. The personal factor means the factors of interaction between the organism and the environment. The author of the artile analyzes biographies of monozygous twins who were famous for their achievements in the spheres of culture, science, art ad politics and tries to define the factors influencing the length of their life. The author discovers that the average difference in the length of lives of famous monozygous twins is approximatelly 4 years while in cases of violent deaths and accidents it is 7.05 years. The author also defines factors that may reduce the length of life of a twin. The most important factor is the publicity. A more famous twin has more risks of the violent death or accident. At the end of her research the author emphasizes the need for more complete researches of the influence of personal, social and psychological factors on the length of life using the twin method. 

Keywords: psychogenetics, monozygous twins, personality, environement, genetic background, genetic environmental interaction, twin method, length of life, biographical method, life path

References:
Jacquard A. Heritability of human longevity // Biological and Social Aspects of Mortality and the Length of life // Ed. H.S. Preston. Liege, 1982.
Nizamova E.S. Nasledstvennaya i sredovaya obuslovlennost' psikhicheskogo razvitiya bliznetsov // Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika.-2012.-2.-C. 66-71.
Browner WS , Kahn AJ , Ziv E , Reiner AP , Oshima J , Cawthon RM , Hsueh WC , Cummings SR . The genetics of human longevity. // Am J Med. 2004, 117 (11), 851-60.
Chernilevskiy V.E. Sredstva i sposoby prodleniya zhizni. // Starenie i dolgoletie. Vyp. 1, 1993, s.1-7.
Poltorakov A.P. Uchet vliyaniya faktorov vneshney sredy (neschastnykh sluchaev) na krivye vyzhivaniya i pokazatel' smertnosti (otnositel'nuyu skorost' gibeli) v modeli vital'nykh retseptorov. // Doklady MOIP. Tom 41. Sektsiya Gerontologii. Sbornik statey. M. MOIP. :Mul'tiprint. 2008, C. 47-54.
Ognev A.S., Goncharov Yu.N., Postnikova N.V. Mudrost' kak akmeologicheskiy fenomen//Akmeologiya. 2003. ¹ 2. S. 17-22.
Ognev A.S. Sub'ektogeneticheskiy podkhod k psikhologiche