Abstract: The purpose of this study was a comprehensive analysis of the current legislation and law enforcement practice in the Russian Federation to develop proposals for improving the mechanism of bringing to responsibility for causing harm to the surface layer of the earth. The subject of the study is the current legislation and judicial practice on the selected issue, in which ineffective aspects of coercive measures in the designated area were developed. The methodological basis of the study consisted of such methods as comparison, analysis, complex system method, induction, deduction, as well as the formal legal method. The main developers of this problem are Anisimov A. P., Ivakin V. I., Sukhova E. A. and some others. The results of the work were conclusions about the ineffectiveness of the enforcement system in cases involving damage to the soil. The low legal awareness of the population was revealed due to the lack of environmentally oriented measures of responsibility for land offenses. This is also due to the lack of a clear mechanism for compensating such harm by the forces of the perpetrator. The authors consider it necessary to develop more specialized administrative responsibility structures to increase the importance of soil protection in the current conditions, as well as to unify the mechanism of compensation for damage to the soil "in kind". The conclusions and suggestions obtained in the course of the study on optimizing the existing system of bringing responsibility into account are valuable for their practical application, as they allow paying attention to the existing problems of the law enforcement officer and will ensure the improvement of legislation.

Keywords: land and legal responsibility, compensation for damage, land protection, rational use of land, types of responsibility, land offense, impact on the soil, legal responsibility, soil, environmental disaster

References:
Matuzov N.I., Malko A.V. Theory of state and law: textbook. M., 2004.
Ivakin V.I. On the issue of forming the concept of legal responsibility for land environmental offenses // Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2006. No. 1 (9). pp. 77-80
Anisimov A.P., Ryzhenkov A.Ya. The land function of the modern state. M.: New index, 2012.
Sukhova E.A. The value of land-legal responsibility for ensuring land law and order // Lawyer. 2014. No. 2. S. 16-20.
State (national) report on the state and use of land in the Russian Federation in 2021. M., 2021. S. 147.
Soil Pollution: a hidden reality. Rome, FAO. R. 9.
Fatkulin S.T., Grishchenko V.A. Problems of legal liability for the creation of unauthorized landfills. Vestnik SUSU. Series: Law. 2017. No. 4. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-yuridicheskoy-otvetstvennosti-za-sozdanie-nesanktsionirovannyh-svalok (date of access: 01/04/2023)

Abstract: The object of the study is constitutional legal relations for the protection of Russian citizens of their state in connection with conscription for military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the subject of the study is normative legal acts regulating military duty. The author explains the legal meaning of the constitutional duty to protect the Fatherland, proposes an addition to the Russian concept of national security with a provision on preventive self-defense, amendments to the Federal Law "On Defense", the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service", the Federal Law "On Mobilization Training and Mobilization" and other regulatory legal acts. The article analyzes the international legal and constitutional regulation of the current problems of defense and security of the Russian Federation in the light of current historical events and the formation of four new regions of Russia: the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, the Zaporozhye region and the Kherson region. The main legal problems of conscription of Russian citizens for military service on mobilization are considered, their solutions are proposed. The author pays special attention to the postponement of military service for mobilization, the legal responsibility of citizens and organizations in connection with the partial mobilization of the population. The article substantiates the exemption of scientists from military duty, determines the status of the mobilized, and gives a legal description of mobilization contracts. Conclusions and suggestions are presented in the text of the current study, which contains fundamentally new information on the subject of scientific work.

Keywords: administrative responsibility of mobilized, criminal liability of mobilized, delay from mobilization, mobilization contract, call for mobilization, new Russian regions, mobilization, military service, preventive self-defense, Defense of The Fatherland

References:
http://kremlin.ru/acts/constitution. Date of the application: 01.10.2022.
https://slovarozhegova.ru/word.php?wordid=19107. Date of the application: 01.10.2022.
https://slovarozhegova.ru/word.php?wordid=9014. Date of the application: 01.10.2022.
https://slovarozhegova.ru/word.php?wordid=6892. Date of the application: 01.10.2022.
https://slovarozhegova.ru/word.php?wordid=17737. Date of the application: 01.10.2022.
Farkhutdinov I.Z. International Law and Doctrine of the United States of America on Preventive Self-Defense / Eurasian Law Journal.¹ 2 (93) 2016 // https://eurasialaw.ru/nashi-rubriki/yuridicheskie-stati/mezhdunarodnoe-pravo-i-doktrina-ssha-o-preventivnoj-samooborone. Date of the application: 01.10.2022.
Farkhutdinov I.Z. Israeli Doctrine of Preventive Self-Defense and International Law / Eurasian Law Journal. No. 8 (99) 2016 // https://eurasialaw.ru/nashi-rubriki/yuridicheskie-stati/izrailskaya-doktrina-o-preventivnoj-samooborone-i-mezhdunarodnoe-pravo . Date of the applicatio

Abstract: The object of the study is the legal relations in the process of confiscation of property in criminal law. The subject of the study is the development of confiscation in the criminal legislation of the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern periods, as well as the provisions of international law, the current criminal law of a number of foreign countries, judicial acts containing the legal phenomenon under study. The purpose is to present a system of theoretical knowledge about the current state of confiscation in criminal law. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of domestic experts on the confiscation of property. In addition, dissertation and monographic studies on criminal law and other branch legal sciences were used. The empirical basis of the study was made up of materials on the number of those brought to criminal responsibility, on re-committed crimes that form a relapse, on those released from criminal liability, as well as statistical information on judicial and law enforcement activities related to the application of property confiscation in criminal legislation. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the study will allow to establish the role, place, value of property confiscation in the declared branch of law, to determine its current state, to trace the patterns of development in criminal law, which in turn will make it possible to formulate reasonable recommendations for improving the criminal law by all interested parties.

Keywords: literature analysis, changes, legislation, current state, counteraction, warning, criminal legal impact, other measure, punishment, confiscation of property

References:
Tsokueva, I. M. Criminal penalties of a property nature: Types, evolution, prospects : dissertation ... Candidate of Legal Sciences : 12.00.08. – Krasnodar, 1997. – 189 p.
Golubov, I. I. Confiscation of property as a type of criminal punishment : dissertation ... Candidate of Legal Sciences : 12.00.08. – Moscow, 1999. – 181 p.
Shutov, K. N. Confiscation of property in the Russian criminal and penal enforcement legislation : dissertation... Candidate of Legal Sciences : 12.00.08. – Tomsk, 2000. – 168 p.
Stepanishchev, A.V. Problems of legal regulation of the use of confiscation of property : dissertation ... Candidate of Legal Sciences : 12.00.08. – Moscow, 2000. – 172 p .
Pimonov, V. A. Confiscation of property as a type of punishment in criminal law : dissertation ... Candidate of Legal Sciences : 12.00.08. – Moscow, 2002. – 187 p.
Viskov N. V. Special confiscation: legal nature, criminal law and criminal procedural means of enforcement : dissertation ... Candidate of Legal Sciences : 12