Abstract: The article considers the current problems of predicting the Earth's collision with asteroids and comets. Mathematical modeling of analyzed process of asteroids falling into oceans and seas is especially complex. Such models are based on solving the classical Euler-Navier-Stokes equations. The relevance of abovementioned problem is also justified by a number of features of the Black Sea basin, including the presence of a large amount of hydrogen sulfide and methane. An estimate of the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air during an asteroid fall into the Black Sea was obtained. It is shown that the main emission is associated with expected release of deep waters to the surface in the area of the fall, due to which the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the surface layer of the atmosphere can reach one gram / cubic meter. In the cloud formed by the steam emission, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide does not exceed 0.04 gram/cubic meter. Based on obtained results of their study, authors come to conclusion that the content of hydrogen sulfide in the steam, and then in resulting cloud, is half the dangerous values at which the evacuation of the population is necessary. The principal difference between an asteroid hitting water and hitting a solid surface is that it does not immediately explode or melt but goes under water. In certain areas of the sea, the fall of an asteroid to the bottom can cause methane emissions, including due to the melting of gas hydrates. In this case, an explosive concentration of the gas-air mixture can be achieved. Perhaps the greatest danger is associated with the impact of the asteroid on the bottom and the subsequent exit of deep waters to the surface.

Keywords: model calculations, safety, methane, comet, hydrogen sulfide, release of hydrogen sulphide, water wapor, crater, Black Sea, asteroid

Abstract: The subject of research is burnt rocks, sometimes called "goreliki" or "gliezhi" – an abbreviation of "naturally burnt clays", which are widely used in the construction industry in the main regions where coal and shale deposits are located. Usually, clay deposits are used as binders and fillers of concrete for various purposes, in the manufacture of building blocks and panels, in decorative coatings and jewelry, as well as for fillings in the formation of road surfaces. Usually, in road construction, burnt rocks are used to arrange the underlying layers and foundations of roads. A distinctive characteristic of gorelik is their potential radiation, which should be taken into account when usied in the construction industry. The purpose of the presented research is to analyze the objectivity of the environmental safety of the use of burnt rocks in road construction from the point of view of their radioactivity and to assess the compliance of existing regulatory documents with practical realities. The main production radiation hazards may occur for workers and the public when using deposits as a building material for highways are analyzed. The elements of the discrepancy between the requirements of the current "Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99/2009)" in the process of assessing the radioactive safety of workers and the public when using burnt rocks in the construction industry are considered. The studies carried out have made it possible to establish that the existing radiation safety standards do not fully reflect the specifics of assessing radioactively hazardous building materials, in particular burnt rocks, in terms of their safe use in the construction industry. The main indicator of the possible negative impact on the health of workers and the population when using deposits is the activity of the element potassium forty, which is practically not considered by the regulation. It is shown that the traditional assessment of the hazard of materials by gamma activity is not entirely objective, since in the case of burnt rocks it reflects only a small part of the actual radiation dose received by the employee. The difficulties of a laboratory study of the radiological danger of burnt rocks by industrial SES are also noted. In this regard, before using the burnt rocks of a particular deposit, it is advisable for construction organizations to use the services of special scientific laboratories with appropriate methodological support and modern equipment for an objective assessment of radiation safety.

Keywords: burnt rock, the accuracy of the definition, a radioactive element, objectivity, analysis, safety standards, construction, road, radioactivity, safety

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends and patterns of crime development in Russia in order to develop effective public administration measures aimed at improving the criminogenic situation. The object of the study is crime in the Russian Federation by categories of crimes. The subject of the study is statistical data characterizing the state and dynamics of crime in Russia. The study was conducted using statistical methods such as the method of relative values, index analysis, time series analysis and forecasting methods, in particular, adaptive methods, correlation and variance analysis methods, as well as methods of visual data analysis.    As a result of the study, an assessment of the state, structure and structural shifts in the distribution of crimes by crime categories over the past 10 years has been made, the influence of a regional factor on the variation in crime rates has been revealed, and the correlation between crime levels by crime categories and socio-economic factors such as unemployment, retail sale of alcoholic beverages per capita has been assessed, the coefficient of migration growth, the Gini coefficient, the coefficient of differentiation by income of the population. Based on the study of the behavior of time series levels of the number of registered crimes by crime categories, modeling and forecasting of indicators using adaptive methods until the end of 2023 were performed.

Keywords: factors, study of relationships, adaptive methods, forecasting, security, statistical analysis, composition and structure, dynamics, categories of crimes, crime

Abstract: This article is dedicated to consideration of the practical security problems in conditions of sustainable development of mountainous areas on the example Kola Peninsula. The subject of this is a complex of measures aimed at prevention and liquidation of emergency situations in the city of Kirovsk (Murmansk Region) based on the risk maps. The authors examined not only potentially dangerous objects in Kirovsk District of Murmansk Region, but also analyzed the fire risks assessing the effectiveness of the implemented set of measures aimed at its reduction based on the acquired data. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis of methods for reducing the risks of emergency situations grounded on the concept of regional sustainable development, and forecast of the potential emergency situations based on risk maps and statistical data for the city of Kirovsk of Murmansk Region. The obtained result allowed conducting the analysis of effectiveness of expenditures allocated for carrying out preventive measures aimed at reducing the fire risks in the city of Kirovsk (Murmansk Region), as well as proposing a set of measures for reducing the level of fire danger.

Keywords: Ministry of Emergency Situations, fire safety, mountainous areas, emergency situation, sustainable development, Risk map, Combustibles, Natural fires, Technogenic fires, Fire danger rating

Abstract: The authors consider the problems of the struggle against corruption within the higher education system. The authors study organizational and methodological aspects of anti-corruption measures’ effectiveness monitoring in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and form the unique basis, which can serve as a principle for theoretical and applied developments in this sphere and can be used not only in Russian institutions of higher education, but also within the public authorities system responsible for the implementation of the national educational policy. The research methodology is based on the analysis of scientific works devoted the problem of the struggle against corruption in Russia and abroad, the synthesis of the best Russian and foreign practices, and the long-term observations of the authors, evaluated in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. Based on these methods, the authors develop recommendations for anti-corruption measures’ effectiveness monitoring in institutions of higher education and educational organizations. The authors develop methodological recommendations for the organization of regular monitoring of anti-corruption measures’ effectiveness in higher education institutions, which can be widely applied both in the theory and the practice of the struggle against corruption within the educational system of Russia. 

Keywords: pedagogics, education, competences, labor market, corruption prevention, reform of educational system, civil society, struggle against corruption, corruption, higher education

Abstract: The object of studies includes: a) description and explanation of the patterns of development of crimes against the political system of the Russian Federation based upon the analysis of quality and quantity markers, which are interrelated and interdependent; b) mass media materials, informing about initiation of criminal cases and bringing persons to legal liability for the crimes against the political systems of the Russian Federation; c) the main provisions of the legislative acts regulating prevention of crimes against the political system of the Russian Federation. The main method of scientific studies was the comparative legal method for evaluation of crimes against the political system of the Russian Federation, as well as the general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis). The scientific novelty of the said studies is due to the fact that for the first time in the Russian legal science there was a criminological analysis of the crimes against the political system of the Russian Federation. The main conclusions are as follows: The criminological characteristics of the quality and quantity markers for the crimes against the political system of the Russian Federation shows that at the edge of XX and XXI centuries there are obvious tendencies for the growth of the registered crimes against the political system of Russia, such as public calls for the extremist activities, formation of extremist organizations  and communities.  The statistical data shows that in the Russian Federation in early XXI century the number of encroachments upon the political system is larger than in late XX century.

Keywords: crimes, extremism, criminological characteristics, statistical data, extremist community, holding on to power, public calls, politics, taking over the power, armed insurrection

Abstract:  The article contains analysis of development of theory and practice of civilian control over armed forced in the Western states from the standpoint of political science. The authors analyze the views of political thinkers of past and present on the issues of civilian control over the army and tires to apply the ideas of the renowned political scientist S. Huntington to the modern reality, and they study the historical roots of formation the civilian-military relations in the Western democratic stats. The authors provide a detailed overview of formation and functioning of the system of civilian control over the armed forces in a number of Western European states and the USA, they study the key models, problems and perspectives of its development. The authors study social and cultural challenges to modern civilian - military relations, paying attention to the dialectics of the principle of civilian control over armed forces. They pay attention to place and role of a Ministry of Defense in a democratic state and civil society.

Keywords: armed forces, civilian control, civilian - military relations, the Ministry of Defense, civil society, rule-of-law state, democracy, military, army, the USA