Abstract: The main idea of the presented publication is to highlight the processes of spreading pastoral practices as a separate element of traditional Yakut culture in the Kolyma region of Yakutia in the first half of the twentieth century. The object of the study is the data of historical and ethnographic studies conducted in the 1950s by the staff of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The materials they have collected are an important source on the ethnocultural history of the region, requiring a modern interpretation of the scientific data they have obtained. The subject of the study of this article is the reflection in these sources of the processes of expansion of pastoral practices to the northeast of Yakutia in the first half of the twentieth century and their adaptation to local natural, cultural and socio-economic conditions, which had not previously been considered in such a perspective and did not become the object of a separate study. The methodological basis of the article was the historical method of analyzing archival data and scientific literature related to the research topic. The use of historical-comparative, historical-systemic, problem-chronological and statistical methods allowed the most complete analysis of the studied processes. It has been revealed that studies conducted in the north-east of Yakutia in the middle of the twentieth century make it possible to more clearly understand the history and culture of its inhabitants, as well as identify the features of their daily life, traditions and customs. The works of scientists of that time are undoubtedly a valuable source of information about life and social relations in Kolyma. At the same time, the processes affecting the interaction of northern cultures in the conditions of adaptation and the formation of new economic models still remain insufficiently studied. Based on the collected materials, the main results of the ongoing integration economic processes in the north-east of Yakutia in the first half of the twentieth century were identified and it was noted that the modernization processes that took place during this period had an even more significant impact on the ethnic composition and economic activities of the indigenous population, accelerating the transition of local aboriginal ethnic groups to new, previously unusual for this region.

Keywords: the traditional way of life, migration, scientific study, traditional farming, Indigenous peoples, pastoral practices, Kolyma region, Yakutia, transformation of the ethnocultural landscape, adaptation

Abstract: Based on the historiographical analysis of the studies of the 2000s devoted to the history of various aspects of the Russian cooperative movement of the pre-revolutionary period, the authors' approaches to determining the stages in the development of the movement and their key characteristics are considered. In the 2000s, more than 500 researches were published, revealing both all-Russian trends and regional peculiarities in the development of cooperation in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Based on the achievements of Russian historiography of previous periods and the accumulated broad factual basis, modern authors expand the thematic field of research based on the modernization approach also in the discourse of civil society, introducing documentary material of predominantly regional nature into scientific circulation. On the basis of the study of modern publications, the authors’ approaches to the periodization of cooperation are determined. It is established that in most regional works the problems of periodization are not considered as a scientific task, however, the author's approaches are obvious from the structure of the works and the explanation of the factors of development of cooperation. Using the example of regional documentary material, the authors specify the periodization, based on the specifics of the socio-economic and socio-political development of the region under study. Modern authors propose different criteria for periodization and, when analyzing the process of cooperative construction on the example of certain types of cooperation and the activities of cooperative organizations as well as in the framework of regional studies, they also focus on the time of the origin of the movement, on the starting points of quantitative growth of cooperative organizations and strengthening their legal and organizational foundations.

Keywords: consumer cooperation, credit cooperation, modernization approach, regional studies, modern Russian historiography, periodization, Russian cooperative movement, cooperation, the first Russian Revolution, workers' cooperation

Abstract: The article examines the origins of the crisis of national and religious identity in France caused by the gradual spread of Islam in the country and the religious radicalization of young people. Among other things, the author examines the socio-economic factors that contributed to the change in the structure of the French economy in the 1970s, the end of the so-called "glorious thirty years", the growth of youth unemployment, which eventually led to the fact that the "zones of priority urbanization" created in the years of post-war economic growth in the suburbs of large cities turned into "zones of sensitive urbanization" with a predominant migrant population. Attention is also paid to the sharp rise in oil prices in the 1970s, which, on the one hand, changed the state of the European economies for the worse, and, on the other hand, brought additional revenues to oil-producing countries and allowed Saudi Arabia to invest in the Muslim communities of Europe, primarily France. The article is based on modern French historiography and documents from the archive of the French Foreign Ministry, which allow us to trace the genesis of the formation of the crisis of national and religious identity in modern France. The author concludes that the main events took place in 1989. First of all, we are talking about Ayatollah Khomeini's fatwa calling for the murder of British writer of Indian origin Salman Rushdie. Up to this point, it was believed that fatwas issued in different parts of the Islamic world apply only to the territory to which the spiritual authority of its author extends. However, Ayatollah Khomeini made his fatwa universal. Europe was named a territory where Islam is spreading, and Muslims in it ceased to be migrants and, accordingly to the Ayatollah's logic, received the full right to demand the extension of Sharia law to European territory. And the subsequent scandal with the wearing of religious clothing at the college of the city of Creil in September-October 1989 caused a wide discussion in France about the spread of Islam in the country and for the first time put this issue at the center of the political agenda, thus becoming the starting point for the formation of a full-fledged crisis of national and religious identity in modern France.

Keywords: Creil, Religion, School, Fifth Republic, Ayatollah Khomeini, Islam, Identity, France, Muslim headscarf, Crisis

Abstract: The subject of this study is the generic composition of the Tunguses (Evenks) of the Department of the Kangalas Tungus clans in the XIX - early XX century. The purpose of the study is to identify and study documentary and statistical sources in the collections of the National Archive of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which contain information about the administrative-territorial structure, ancestral composition, demography and places of nomadism. General scientific methods (analysis, systematic approach) were used in the study so are special methods (historicism, historical-genetic, archival heuristics) of research. The place of the Administration in the system of administrative and territorial administration, its functions and tasks were studied by the method of analysis. The systematic approach allowed us to identify the characteristic principles of the management structure. The principle of historicism allowed us to consider the Administration in the dynamics of development, the prospect of changing historical events. The historical-genetic method requires an approach to Management as a phenomenon that naturally arose in a certain historical setting. The method of archival heuristics made it possible to identify the affairs of the Board in an array of documents from other funds. The method of archival heuristics made it possible to identify the affairs of the Board in an array of documents from other funds. As a result of the work carried out, a nomenclature of the generic composition, a list of nomadic Kangalas Tunguses on the territory of the Aldan, Amginsky, Gorny, Neryungrinsky and Khangalassky districts of the RS(Ya) was compiled. The novelty lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of previously unpublished archival documents on the declared topic. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that further research is necessary due to the presence of a large number of unpublished documents.

Keywords: statistical documents, population census documents, review of documents, administrative and territorial structure, Kangalas Tunguses, clan, tunguses, evenki, Aldan district, Yakutia

Abstract: The impact of Soviet modernization on the lives of Indigenous peoples of the North remains a key topic for researchers. Of particular interest is how these projects transformed the traditional way of life and cultural foundations of Indigenous communities. This article examines the transformation of reindeer herding during the Soviet period and how Soviet policies and large-scale industrial programs reshaped the lives of nomadic communities in the North. Specifically, the study focuses on the history of the loss of reindeer herding in the Sadynsky National Evenki nasleg of the Mirninsky District in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The article examines how reindeer herding was organized in the 1960s and the conditions that herders in the nasleg faced at that time. It also analyzes the social, economic, and other factors that influenced the industry’s decline in the 1970s and investigates the reasons behind the collapse of traditional reindeer herding in the Sadynsky nasleg. This study is based on archival documents from the Sadynsky National Evenki nasleg, held in the Municipal Archive of the Mirninsky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in Mirny town, as well as the memoirs of local residents and field materials collected by the author between 2019 and 2021. While most studies on nomadic communities focus on those where reindeer herding persists, this article shifts the focus to a community that has completely lost its primary traditional livelihood and for which the revival of reindeer herding is important. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on communities where reindeer herding has been lost, a perspective often overlooked in other research. This research deepens our understanding of the impact of Soviet modernization projects on Indigenous peoples.

Keywords: Indigenous peoples, industry, Arctic, traditional economy, Sakha Republic, Mirninsky District, Western Yakutia, Evenki, reindeer herding, loss