Abstract: The wealth of every independent and sovereign country is the abundance of language on its territory, in which the nationalities living there can freely use their languages. In addition to the State language, there are more than 15 languages spoken by ethnic minorities in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In addition to the languages of ethnic minorities, the population of the country uses other foreign languages, which are included in the group of world languages. The objects of research in this article are foreign languages and their relationship to the state language. The legislative acts adopted to regulate the language vector in the country are the subject of research. The author describes in detail and highlights the legislative bodies and government structures that play a crucial role in the development of language policy in the country. In the course of studying language policy, one cannot do without considering the following two main sociolinguistic terms: language regulation and language planning, which are of the nature of state or social impact on the functioning or development of languages in the state. The author mainly used the theoretical method in the study of the article, and also conducted a general analysis of the data. The conclusions are based on legal methods, as well as sociolinguistic methods (statistical and expert assessments). The necessary information in the field of the current language policy in the country was obtained during the analysis of legal documents. Foreign languages of global importance are in great demand among young people, increasingly studying these languages, they delve into the origins of this language, study the history of this country and through this prism the phenomenon of acculturation through language is observed. The author considers in more detail the status of the state language both de jure and de facto, and also considers in detail the position of the most widespread foreign languages in the republic.
The language reforms carried out in the Republic of Azerbaijan mainly serve to strengthen the role of the Azerbaijani language as the state language and have the character of linguistic purism. Despite the ongoing reforms in the field of strengthening the state language, we are also considering a balanced language policy with regard to other languages existing on the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the purpose of which is to preserve linguistic pluralism.

Keywords: language pluralism, language situation, language legislation, language policy, language planning, language regulation, foreign language, multilingualism, Azerbaijani language, language purism

References:
Dictionary of sociolinguistic terms. M., 2006. 312 p. (In Russ.)
Alpatov V. M. 2014. Language policy in Russia and the world, pp. 11-24 // Language policy and language conflicts in the modern world: International Conference (Moscow, September 16-19, 2014): Reports and messages / Ed. by A.N.Bitkeeva, V.Yu. Mikhalchenko; Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Center for National-Linguistic Relations. (In Russ.).
Garibova, J. 2019. Russian in Azerbaijan: Changing Practices and Emerging Paradifms. In A. Mustojoki, E.
Moskvitcheva S., Abdullaev R. (2021) Vectors and key factors of the dynamics of languages in the secondary education system in the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1990-2020 // International E-Journal of Advances in Education, chapter 6, pp. 18, 2020, 365 – 372 https://doi.org/10.18768/ijaedu.819371
Isakhanli G.: "You will not see two Georgians speaking Russian, but Azerbaijanis..."/ / Caspian News, No. 366, 2017, pp. 22-25 (Azerbaija

Abstract: The subject of the study is the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" and its structural and semantic features. Bogatyrstvo is inextricably linked with the hero and with the plot of epics. In epics, it is perceived as a concept-script, that is, it is formed in the process of the entire narrative. However, the original structure of the concept is presented as a conceptual field of meanings inscribed in a more complex structural formation – the ethical concept of "Courage". The relevance of the research is dictated by the high precedent of the name of the concept and its dominant verbalizers. The semantic field of the concept is explored in etymological, historical and topical layers. The main semantic load of the etymological layer of the concept is formed in the Church Slavonic language. The historical layer is vividly represented in the dictionaries of the XIX and XX centuries, the latter captures the limitation of the "existence" of the concept by the genre of epic. The actual layer is revealed in the process of studying the consciousness of modern students.     
The purpose of the article is to identify the reference points (slots) that formed the basis of the concept. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the study is the conduct of a semantic experiment, which established that in the minds of modern native speakers, the concept Bogatyrstvo, for which analysis methods were used (analysis of dictionary definitions and contextual analysis of epics), semantic analysis (the "supporting" semantic shares of the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" were identified, their key verbalizers were highlighted) and the method of semantic experiment to identify the modern perception of the concept. The main conclusions of the study: 1) the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" has a static frame structure and a field structure, including slots "spiritual strength" and "physical strength". Spiritual strength lies in the constant readiness to stand up for the motherland as a manifestation of true courage and heroism; in the fate of the hero-defender, ordained from above; in the Christian faith. The physical strength of the hero is, as it were, the personification of the whole strength of the Russian people, given by God. 2) These slots are present in the epics in the dynamic structure of the script: the slot "physical force" unfolds to the whole epic action; the slot "spiritual force" is expressed through the entire epic narrative – this is the very motivation for action. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the study is the conduct of a semantic experiment, which established that in the minds of modern native speakers, the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" is presented statically and includes both slots, with the predominance of the slot "spiritual power".

Keywords: concept field, Russian epic poems, script concept, slot, bogatyrstvo, frame, bogatyr, linguistic picture of the world, ethical concept, concept

References:
Djachenko, G. (2001) The complete Church Slavonic Dictionary. Moscow, Otchij dom.
Dmitrieva, N.M. (2022) Semiotics of the concepts of "Muzhestvo" and "Bogatyrstvo" in the Russian language picture of the world. La langue comme art: sémantique fonctionnelle et poétique: SB.conférence scientifique et pratique Internationale. Moscow, RUDN.
Dal, V.I. (2011) Dictionnaire explicatif de la grande langue russe vivante. T. 1 A-Z. Moscow.
Dmitrieva, N.M. (2017) Concepts moraux et moraux dans la conceptualité éthique de l'image Linguistique russe du monde. Orenburg: OSU.
Ushakov, D.N. (2010) Dictionnaire explicatif de la langue russe modern. Moscow, Dom. XXI vek.
Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Ju. (2003) Dictionnaire russe: Environ 80 000 mots.  4e éd., complete.  Moscow, Azbukovnik.
Dictionnaire russe. (1985) V 4 t. / AN SSSR, In-t rus. jaz.; pod red. A.P. Evgenjevoj. T.1. Moscow, Russkij jazyk.
Efremova,T.F. (2005) Dictionnaire explicatif moderne

Abstract: The object of this research is the phraseological field with the semantics of "human character" as a fragment of the linguistic picture reflecting the peculiarities of perception of the world by native speakers of Russian and Chinese languages. The subject of the study is national peculiarities and common features of cultural components of the meaning of phraseological units about human character in the Russian and Chinese languages. In the first part of the article, the author gives a brief description of the theoretical understanding of phraseology as a phenomenon of Russian and Chinese linguistics, draws parallels between the concepts of phraseological unit and chengyu, comparing the key characteristics of the two terms and specifying the subject of research. Having defined the theoretical boundaries of the concept of phraseology, the author of the article systematizes the research material in accordance with the semantic features. The second part of the study is devoted to the comparative linguistic, cultural and semantic analysis of phraseological units expressing the "character of a person" in Russian and Chinese. Methods of classification, lexico-semantic analysis, linguistic and cultural analysis, comparison, generalization are used. The sample of the study includes 400 phraseological units about the character of a person (200 Russian and 200 Chinese), which were studied using quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. The research contributes to the study of linguistic and cultural peculiarities of the perception of human character by representatives of Russian and Chinese cultures. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the application of comparative lexico-semantic and linguistic-cultural analysis to phraseological units with the meaning of "human character". Russian and Chinese studies of the quantitative correlation of phraseological and semantic groups in the phraseological field with the semantics of "human character" in Russian and Chinese, as well as the identification of cultural and historical features and patterns in the perception of human character traits in the Russian and Chinese language worldviews, revealed the presence of a universal and specific perception of human character. All this made it possible to establish a connection between different historical and social development, the influence of different religious and philosophical teachings in Russia and China, and the perception of human character reflected in the corresponding fragment of the phraseological field.

Keywords: universal, linguistic and cultural features, the character of a person, an idiomatic expression, steady expression, Chengyu, phraseologism, specific, Russian, Chinese language

References:
Alefirenko, N.F. (2004). Theory of language. Introductory course. Moscow: Publishing Center Academy.
Semenas, A.L. (2000). Vocabulary of the Chinese language. Moscow: Muravey.
Rakhmatullina, L.A. (2020). Phraseological unit as the basic unit of phraseology. Digital science, 11, 57-68.
Vinogradov, V.V. (1977). Selected works. Lexicology and lexicography. Moscow: Nauka.
Chu, Tzu-Chen (2016). On the universality of the categories of phraseology: the basis for identifying phraseological units in the Russian and Chinese languages. Bulletin of Moscow University. Episode 13. Oriental studies, 3, 101-110.
Ne, Zhi. (2023). A Study of Popular Idioms in the Guiyang Dialect over the Last Century. Journal of Zunyi Normal University, 25(1), 73-76.
Ning, Zuoquan. (2024). Chinese idioms, ethics and aesthetics of the Chinese nation. Study of the Chinese language, 1, 93-96.
Niu, Yufeng. (2018). Phraseologisms of the Chinese language that

Abstract: The subject of the study is the producing motivational bases of nominees in the Chinese and Russian languages. The object of the study is naming in two cultures. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the theory of nomination and its unique features in relation to Chinese and Russian linguistic cultures; the concept of naming and the process of creating onyms in two languages under the influence of historical background. Particular attention is paid to the Chinese tone, which influences the creation of ononyms, as well as a comparative study of onoms in the Chinese and Russian languages. The study was based on provisions formulated by linguists who study issues related to naming and nomination theory: Y.Y. Huang, A.K.K. Chan, V. Mathesius and others. Research methods: systematization and generalization, etymological analysis, conceptual analysis, linguocultural analysis. The main conclusions of the study are the provisions formulated based on the results of the comparative analysis: in Chinese culture, names are chosen to convey certain meanings and connotations. Chinese proper names often consist of two or three characters, with the surname coming first. Surnames are usually passed down through generations and carry with them a deep sense of tradition and origin. Names are often chosen to reflect virtues or values that parents hope to embody in their child. Names can also be chosen based on elements of Chinese astrology, such as the five elements and 12 animal signs. In Russian culture, names also have important meaning and are chosen based on many factors. They usually consist of a first name, a patronymic (derived from the father's name) and a last name. Surnames are usually inherited and reflect the ethnic or regional origin of the family. Names may be chosen based on religious significance, family traditions, or popular trends. The author’s special contribution to the study of the topic is that the article summarizes the main similarities and differences in Russian and Chinese naming. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, based on etymological analysis, it established the relevant features of naming in the Chinese and Russian languages, which are also presented in a comparative aspect.

Keywords: Semantic structures, nomination source, benchmarking, brand names, historical naming trends, proper names, nomination theory, classic naming, naming, Primary lexemes

References:
Lip, E. (2022). Chinese Numbers: Significance, Symbolism and Traditions. CA: Heian International.
Nikonov, V. A. (1974). Choosing a name. Name and company, pp. 85-89. Moscow: Science.
Mathesius, V. A. (1975). Functional Analysis of Present Day English on a General Linguistic Basis, ed. J. Vachek. The Hague-Paris: Mouton, Prague: Academia.
Elistratov, V. S. & Pimenov, P. A. (2023). Naming: the art of naming. Moscow: Omega-L.
Bondaletov, V.D. (2022). Russian onomastics. Moscow: Enlightenment.
Zinin, S.I. (2011). Introduction to Russian anthroponyms. Tashkent: Tashkent State University Publishing House.
Superanskaya, A.V. (2023). General theory of proper names. Moscow: Academy.
 Linguistics. Large encyclopedic dictionary. (1998). Ed. V. N. Yartseva. Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia.
Li, C. (2023). The Confucian Ideal of Harmony. Philosophy East and West, 4, 583-603.
Mitkina, S.A

Abstract: In modern linguistics, research is actively developing aimed at cognizing the surrounding reality, verbalized by linguistic units of a particular language. At the same time, of course, interdisciplinary research, including both linguistic and extralinguistic data, is of particular value. The relevance of our article is the comparison of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD as fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of the Russian-speaking and Spanish-speaking peoples based on the synthesis of linguocultural and linguocognitive approaches to the study of concepts. The purpose of the work is to identify and compare the conceptual features of the above-mentioned concepts in Russian and Spanish linguistic cultures based on lexicographic sources and using extralinguistic socio-demographic data. The results obtained can find practical application in lexicographical activity. In our study, the conceptual features of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD were reconstructed based on the data of explanatory, encyclopedic, etymological dictionaries of the Russian and Spanish languages. The conceptual features of the mentioned concepts were identified by understanding the semantic scope of the names of the concepts: the lexemes youth, young in Russian and juventud, joven – in Spanish. Despite the fact that the concept of YOUTH was previously the subject of scientific analysis in the works of Russian linguists, a comparative study of the conceptual features of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD in Russian and Spanish linguistic cultures has not been conducted before, which is the novelty of the article. It was revealed that the coinciding conceptual features include: 1) a certain life stage of a person between adolescence and adulthood; 2) characteristic of youth; 3) the first stage of life / existence (about an animal, plant, phenomenon); 4) younger in age or time. It was also found that the period of youth for speakers of Spanish linguoculture covers a greater number of years, compared with the same period in Russian linguoculture, which is due to extralinguistic factors – a longer life expectancy in a Spanish-speaking society. In addition, for native Russian speakers, YOUTH is often associated with ‘immaturity, weakness’, while in Spanish linguoculture JUVENTUD is perceived as a period of ‘flourishing, strength, energy'.

Keywords: Spanish language, Russian language, comparative analysis, conceptual features, concept, semantics, Cognitive linguistics, linguistic culture, youth, the linguistic picture of the world

References:
Safaralieva, L. A., Perfileva, N. V. (2023). The Modelling of a Multidimensional Linguocultural Concept on the Example of the Concept СТАРОСТЬ ‘SENILITY’. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, 4, 1217-1234. doi:https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2023-14-4-1217-1234
Karasik, V. I. (2022). Generosity as a value of Russian linguoculture. Obshchaya i russkaya lingvoaksikologiya [General and Russian linguistic axiology]. Moscow, Yaroslavl, Kantsler Publ., PP. 14–39.
Slyshkin, G. G. (2004). Linguocultural concept as system formation. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Vestnik of Voronezh State University], 1, 29–34.
Vorkachev, S.G. (2016). Ex Pluribus Unum: Linguocultural Concept as an Integral Entity. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 2, 17–30. Retrieved from https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/14702
Boldyrev, N. N. (2004). Conceptual Space of Conceptual Lingu

Abstract: This article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural description of the national personality in Russian and Chinese. The subject of this study is the Russian and Chinese language personality. The object of this study represents national cultural similarities and differences; Russian and Chinese national personalities. The purpose of the study is to identify universal and national-specific linguistic and cultural features of Russian and Chinese national personalities based on phraseological units, proverbs of Russian and Chinese languages, which reflect the concept of "religion". The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the lexico-semantic and linguocultural analysis of phraseological units, proverbs of religious subjects can be used in educational activities in courses of lexicology, linguoculturology, linguistic and cultural studies, sociolinguistics. The provisions and conclusions of the study can be applied in lexicographic practice in compiling dictionaries of phraseological units, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, spreading Chinese culture in Russia. To solve the problem, the following research methods are used: the method of continuous sampling of material from dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages, the method of linguistic and cultural commentary and the comparative-contrastive method. Russian and Chinese national personalities are analyzed for the first time in the article, which has not previously been described in the aspect of comparative linguoculturology, the traditional national religious value of Russian and Chinese personalities is considered for the first time, their stereotypical ideas and character traits under the influence of religion are indicated. This is the scientific novelty of this study. The research shows that phraseological units and proverbs with the concept of religion recorded in Russian and Chinese lexicographic sources differ in quantity and content. The universal traditional religious values of the compared national personalities include faith in the existence of evil and good spirits, love of kindness and the idea of the goodness of human nature. Unlike the Russian people, the Chinese national personality is characterized by non-religion. For the Chinese personality, such religious values as longevity and immortality, great kindness, the desire for a simple life and love of nature, reward for good and evil, the concept of cause and effect, pious faith in the Buddha are of great importance; and for the Russian, a sense of guilt, thirst for suffering and the self-worth of the sacrifice itself, kindness, hard work, patience and faith.

Keywords: character traits, proverbs, phraseological units, linguoculturology, Chinese, Russian, Russian national personality, Chinese national personality, cultural values, religion

References:
Abramova, N.A. (2006). Chinese ethnos: from tradition to modernity. Chita: Chitgu.
Alekseev, P.V. (1990). At the fracture. Philosophical discussions of the 20s: Philosophy and worldview. Moscow: Politizdat.
Vasilyuk, I.P. (2004). Linguocultural research of the national (Russian) linguistic personality: Based on the material of aphoristics. diss. ...K. philol. n. Moscow.
Vorobyov, V.V. (2008). Linguoculturology. Moscow: RUDN.
Vorobyov, V.V. (1996). The linguistic and cultural concept of the “French national personality": Based on the material of aphoristics. diss. ...K. philol. Ufa.
Gottlieb, O.M., & Mu Huain. (2007). Chinese-Russian phraseological dictionary. About 3500 expressions. Moscow: AST: East-West.
Guruleva, T.L. (2017). Speech portrait of a Chinese linguistic personality. Moscow: ITC.
Dal, V.I. (1993). Proverbs of the Russian people: in 3 volumes. Moscow: Rus. Book.
Domenak, J. (1991). Family relations