Abstract: The subject of the study is the folklore traditions that existed on the territory of the Novgorod region. Veliky Novgorod is an ancient city that played one of the main roles during the formation of Russian culture and art. Various forms and types of folklore developed on his lands, which had a huge impact on the development of folk music in the Russian North, the Urals and Siberia. The objectives of the article include: clarifying the nature of the relationship between the modern administrative borders of the Novgorod region and local folklore traditions spread on its territory; clarifying the areas of these traditions, taking into account the border areas; highlighting the territory of the spread of folklore traditions representing the Novgorod folklore system proper. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of systematic study of folklore, which have developed in Russian science. One of the leading methods is the areal research method. The allocation of musical and folklore areas is carried out taking into account historical and ethnographic factors. The characteristic of local traditions is given on the basis of the genre composition of musical folklore, its stylistic and structural properties. The article establishes the boundaries of the concept of "Novgorod folklore traditions". It can be applied to the folklore and ethnographic system that developed in the settlement zone of the Ilmen Slovene tribe in the early period of Russian history. There are three folklore and ethnographic complexes on the territory of the modern Novgorod region – southwestern, central and eastern. The Novgorod traditions themselves were formed in Priilmenye, but they were most systematically preserved in the eastern part of the region, which was mastered by immigrants from the central zone.

Keywords: russian folklore, The culture of crying, Novgorod folklore, folklore traditions, Russian folk music, folk songs, melogeographic studies, North-West of Russia, Novgorod region, The culture of laughter

Abstract: Indigenous cultures around the world face unprecedented challenges and are often in danger of extinction. The preservation of the cultural heritage of these peoples is an important task not only for themselves, but also for all mankind. These cultures possess valuable knowledge and traditions that have developed over the millennia and open unique prospects for the development of the world. The loss of indigenous knowledge and practices is an irreparable loss for all of us, as we are losing part of the cultural heritage of all mankind. The indigenous peoples of Panama have a rich cultural heritage deeply rooted in their traditions and beliefs. The Guna people living in Panama and Colombia represent one of the most sovereign indigenous communities in the world, with extensive land holdings and self-government rights. They are known for their colorful traditional clothes, intricate manners, beliefs, and strong sense of community. The relevance of the topic is since in a world that is becoming increasingly homogenized, the preservation of indigenous cultures ensures that this cultural diversity will not be lost due to the impact of globalization. This article is devoted to the problems of preserving the material and spiritual heritage of the Guna people living in Panama and Colombia. The lifestyle of the Guna Indians, their traditions, worldview and definition of the role of man in the world are unique and of great interest for research. The authors of the article analyze the distinctive features of the Guna cultural heritage and highlight current phenomena and processes that pose a threat to the preservation of the traditional way of life of this people. Understanding the history and traditions of the indigenous Guna people is essential to preserve their culture.

Keywords: Guna Indians, migration crisis, tourism, beliefs, culture, traditions, history, autonomy, Colombia, Panama