Abstract: The subject of this research comprises euphemistic codes that replace the negative connotation of "death" in contemporary Russian, Uzbek, and English languages. These codes were selected using targeted sampling from the "Dictionary of Russian Euphemisms" by E. P. Senichkina (2008), "Short Euphemistic Dictionary of the Uzbek Language" by A. Zh. Omonturdiev (2006), and "Oxford Dictionary of Euphemisms (How Not to Say What You Mean: A Dictionary of Euphemisms)" by R. W. Holder (2008). The total number of examples amounted to over 1,104 units, with 349 pertaining to Russian, 405 to Uzbek, and 350 to English. This volume of data enabled a detailed analysis and the formulation of reliable conclusions. The aim of the study is to present a functional-semantic classification of euphemisms that replace the negative connotation of the term «death» in the Uzbek language, through the prism of comparison with Russian and English cultures. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time, Russian, Uzbek, and English euphemistic codes within the nominative field of «death» are identified, systematized, and described through comparative and semantic analysis in the context of the linguoculturological paradigm. The results obtained indicate that the cognitive approach in studying functional-semantic classification is an important tool for identifying the essential characteristics of euphemistic codes based on universal and unique (culturally conditioned) concepts. Simultaneously, the linguoculturological method provides an interpretation of the cultural motives for using euphemistic units when investigating the nominative field of «death». Through cognitive and linguoculturological analysis, the study reveals the mechanisms of encoding denotations in Russian, Uzbek, and English euphemistic expressions that form the functional-semantic classification of the nominative field «death».

Abstract: The object of the research work is the phenomenon of political correctness in Uzbek linguistic culture through the prism of the English language. Considering the large number of linguistic means of explication, namely euphemistic substitutes, which are the result of the expression of political correctness and the subject of this study. The purpose of the research work is to reveal the phenomenon of political correctness in modern English and Uzbek languages, in particular the linguistic aspect of this phenomenon. The scientific novelty of the research work is determined by the fact that it is the first attempt to comprehensively consider the functioning of politically correct vocabulary not only in English, but also in the Uzbek language. Since many works are devoted specifically to political correctness in the English language, examples in Uzbek discourse are usually given in insufficient quantities so that one can judge the role of political correctness in Uzbek linguistic culture. The results of the research work revealed the sociocultural and linguistic aspects of political correctness, revealing new trends in the English language and social practices that meet the requirements of inclusive communication. It is shown that in Uzbekistan this concept is developing in its own ways, but its dynamics and linguistic embodiment are under strong Western influence. The difficulties of politically correct intercultural communication are revealed, which, to varying degrees of prevalence in the English and Uzbek languages, depends on different cultural values, religious beliefs, value orientations, and socio-economic situation.

Abstract: The research work is devoted to euphemistic nominations, created according to the pragmatic principle of politeness, which contain national and cultural information. The object of the research work was the euphemisms of gender (about 100 units), obtained by continuous sampling from the most representative explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek, Russian and English languages. The subject of the research work is the linguistic and cultural specificity of euphemistic nominations of gender. The purpose of the research work is to identify the linguacultural specifics of euphemistic gender-related nominations. Since euphemistic substitutes are used in a particular community and are influenced by socio-cultural factors, they are strongly marked by socio-cultural features used by male and female representatives of Uzbek, Russian and English society. Using the cross-cultural method, we found that in addition to the idiosyncratic national context, there are phenomena in language systems, both universal and differential, including semantic universals and linguo-pragmatic maxims. The novelty of the research work lies in the comparative analysis, which makes it possible to identify universal and differential approaches to the use of euphemistic nominations in different cultures and social contexts. This is an innovative approach that contributes to the understanding of how sociolinguistic factors influence the formation and use of euphemisms in different languages. The results of the research work showed that gender-polite euphemistic nominations that arose within the framework of politically correct ideology contribute to the preservation of the communicant's cognitive space, recognizing the rights of women and expressing respect. They prevent insults but are not necessarily sincere expressions of sympathy and interest, rather, as the analysis of the study showed, these are formal and etiquette constructions. It has been proved that the specifics of the national culture and lifestyle of the Uzbek (in family relations, male family members refer to the female gender by certain word forms), Russian and English peoples, as well as the unique features of their mentality, are the basis for using euphemistic nominations to describe the gender-thematic group.

Abstract: The object of the research is the linguistic means of explication, namely euphemisms, which were collected by continuous sampling from English and Uzbek dictionaries, encyclopedias and other reference and journalistic publications. The subject of the research is the communicative and pragmatic peculiarities of euphemistic units containing information about the moral values and ethical prescriptions inherent in society. The purpose of the research is to identify the communicative and pragmatic peculiarities of euphemistic nominations in the Russian and Uzbek languages, taking into account the national and cultural specifics of the compared languages. With the help of the cross-cultural method, we found that in addition to the uniqueness of the national context, there are phenomena in language systems, both universal and differential, including semantic universals and linguo-pragmatic maxims. The novelty of the research is a comparative analysis of the communicative and pragmatic peculiarities of euphemisms, taking into account the national and cultural aspect, which indicates the scientific novelty of the study. The results of the research showed that euphemism is not just a lexical substitute, but a broader concept, a form of discursive maneuvering. It has various strategies that perform the function of non-proximal manipulation of the discursive space, through which the speaker tries to increase the symbolic distance between himself and the mentioned event, on the one hand, and on the other hand, in certain situations, the use of a euphemistic unit may be due to the desire to mask real circumstances. The research work also shows that there is no relationship between the choice of euphemism strategy in the compared languages. Another important discovery is that Russians and Uzbeks resort to taboos when dealing with death and lies, but almost never sexual relations in Russian. Euphemistic language is influenced by the cultural and religious beliefs, lifestyle and norms of its speakers, especially in Uzbek, as we found when describing sexual relations and when addressing elders.