Abstract: The author describes particular theoretical aspects of psychophysiological research with the help of a lie detector, and their role in the investigation of crimes.
The research object is the current condition of the theory and practice of using a polygraph. The research subject is the problems of using the results of lie detector testing, their interpretation and role in criminal investigation. The purpose of the research is to study the principles of using, and the options of a lie detector and polygraph examiners, and to define the importance of such a type of research for the investigation of crimes. The research methodology is based on general scientific research methods including analysis and generalization, and specific methods: observation and analysis of psychodiagnostic research. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the comprehensive analysis of the theory and practice of using a polygraph based on the case studies of particular investigations. The author arrives at the conclusion about a further analysis of legal, technical and practical problems of using a polygraph in criminal proceedings, for the purpose of the consideration of the idea about the legislative consolidation of such a research as a proof, which determines the importance of the topic of the research. The practical importance consists in the possibility to use the research results during the evaluation of the polygraph testing and the consideration of the examiner’s report as a proof in the criminal investigation.  
 

Abstract: The research subject is the forms and methods of using the practice-oriented and competence approach for the realization of professional training programmes for law enforcement officers in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The author analyzes the main approaches to the realization of professional training programmes, particularly, special attention is given to its practical orientation and the principles of the teaching process organization. The research objective is to define the forms of learning sessions which can effectively fulfill the practical orientation of professional training of candidates for positions in law-enforcement agencies. The research methodology is based on the systems and competence-oriented approaches and includes both theoretical methods (analysis and forecasting) and experimental ones (pedagogical experiment and modeling). The author concludes that the requirements to professional training of candidates for positions in internal affairs agencies should be more practically oriented. It is still urgent to search for effective methods of work in this direction. The current system of professional training has significant drawbacks, such as overwhelming theoretical content of legal disciplines and the gap between the education and the everyday professional reality. In the author’s opinion, it would be appropriate to correct the principles of professional training organization. The provisions of the article prove the topicality of the research issue.